Best Friends Come in All Breeds: The Role of Pets in Suicidality

References

• American Pet Products Association. (2018). The 2017–2018 APPA National Pet Owners Survey Debut. Available at https://www.americanpetproducts.org/pubs_survey.asp.
   Google Scholar
• Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
   Google Scholar
• Brooks, H. L., Rushton, K., Lovell, K., Bee, P., Walker, L., Grant, L., & Rogers, A. (2018). The power of support from companion animals for people living with mental health problems: A systematic review and narrative synthesis of the evidence. BMC Psychiatry, 18(31), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1613-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carmack, B. (1985). The effects of family members and functioning after the death of a pet. Marriage and Family Review, 8(3–4), 149–161. https://doi.org/10.1300/J002v08n03_11
   Google Scholar
• Cooke, B. K. (2013). Extended suicide with a pet. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, 41(3), 437–443.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Choudhury, M., & De, S. (2014, May). Mental health discourse on Reddit: Self-disclosure, social support, and anonymity. Paper presentation at the Eighth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and social media, Ann Arbor, MI, USA June 1-4, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Deuter, K., Procter, N., & Evans, D. (2019). Protective factors for older suicide attempters: Findings reasons and experiences to live. Death Studies, 44(7), 430–439. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2019.1578303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figueiredo, A. E. B., da Silva, R. M., Vieira, L. J. E. S., do Nascimento Mangas, R. M., de Sousa, G. S., Freitas, J. A., Conte, M., & Sougey, E. B. (2015). Is it possible to overcome suicidal ideation and suicide attempts? A study of the elderly. Ciencia and Saude Coletiva, 20(6), 1711–1719. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232015206.02102015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald, A. J. (2007). “They gave me a reason to live”: The protective effects of companion animals on the suicidality of abused women. Humanity and Society, 31(4), 355–378. https://doi.org/10.1177/016059760703100405
   Google Scholar
• Friedmann, E., & Tsai, C.-C. (2006). The animal–human bond: Health and wellness. In A. Fine (Ed.), Animal-assisted therapy: Theoretical foundations and practice guidelines (2nd ed (pp. 95–117). Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Haas, A. P., Eliason, M., Mays, V. M., Mathy, R. M., Cochran, S. D., D’Augelli, A. R., Silverman, M. M., Fisher, P. W., Hughes, T., Rosario, M., Russell, S. T., Malley, E., Reed, J., Litts, D. A., Haller, E., Sell, R. L., Remafedi, G., Bradford, J., Beautrais, A. L., … Clayton, P. J. (2011). Suicide and suicide risk in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations: Review and recommendations. Journal of Homosexuality, 58(1), 10–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2011.534038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Headey, B., & Grabka, M. M. (2007). Pets and human health in Germany and Australia: National longitudinal results. Social Indicators Research, 80(2), 297–311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-005-5072-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikram, S. (ed.). (2005). Divine creatures: Animal mummies in ancient Egypt. American University in Cairo Press.
   Google Scholar
• Joiner, T. (2007). Why people die by suicide. Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kurdek, L. A. (2008). Pet dogs as attachment figures. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 25(2), 247–266. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407507087958
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurdek, L. A. (2009). Pet dogs as attachment figures for adult owners. Journal of Family Psychology, 23(4), 439–446. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014979
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lem, M., Coe, J. B., Haley, D. B., & Stone, E. (2013). Effects of companion animal ownership among Canadian street involved youth: Qualitative analysis. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 40(4), 285–304. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/jssw/vol40/iss4/15.
   Google Scholar
• Levinson, B. M. (1969). Pet-oriented psychotherapy. Charles C. Thomas Publisher.
   Google Scholar
• McConnell, A. R., Brown, C. M., Shoda, T. M., Stayton, L. E., & Martin, C. E. (2011). Friends with benefits: On the positive consequences of pet ownerships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(6), 1239–1252. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024506
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nimer, J., & Lundahl, B. (2007). Animal-assisted therapy: A meta-analysis. Anthrozoös, 20(3), 225–238. https://doi.org/10.2752/089279307X224773
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereira, J. M., & Fonte, D. (2018). Pets enhance antidepressant pharmacotherapy effects in patients with treatment resistant major depressive disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 104, 108–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.07.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech. (2019). Who uses YouTube, WhatsApp and Reddit. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/chart/who-uses-youtube-whatsapp-and-reddit/.
   Google Scholar
• Plakcy, N. S., & Sakson, S. (2006). Paws and reflect: Exploring the bond between gay men and their dogs. Alyson Books.
   Google Scholar
• Powell, L., Edwards, K. M., McGreevy, P., Bauman, A., Podberscek, A., Neilly, B., Sherrington, C., & Stamatakis, E. (2019). Companion dog acquisition and mental well-being: A community-based three-arm controlled study. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1428. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7770-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Risley-Curtiss, C., Holley, L. C., Cruickshank, T., Porcelli, J., Rhoads, C., Bacchus, D., Nyakoe, S., & Murphy, S. B. (2006). “She was family”: women of color and animal–human connections. Affilia: Journal of Women and Social Work, 21(4), 433–447. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886109906292314
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer, R. S., Hart, L. A., & Zasloff, R. L. (1995). Dilemmas associated with rehousing homeless people who have companion animals. Psychological Reports, 77(3), 851–857. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.77.3.851
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Souter, M. A., & Miller, M. D. (2007). Do animal-assisted activities effectively treat depression? A Meta-Analysis. Anthrozoös, 20(2), 167–180. https://doi.org/10.2752/175303707X207954
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). (2019). Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. PEP19-5068, NSDUH Series H-54). Rockville, MD: Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. https://store.samhsa.gov/product/key-substance-use-and-mental-health-indicators-in-the-united-states-results-from-the-2018-national-survey-on-Drug-Use-and-Health/PEP19-5068.
   Google Scholar
• Virues-Ortega, J., & Buela-Casals, G. (2006). Psychophysiological effects of human–animal interaction: Theoretical issues and long-term interaction effects. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194(1), 52–57. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.nmd.0000195354.03653.63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh, F. (2009). Human–animal bonds I: The relational significance of companion animals. Family Process, 48(4), 462–480. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2009.01296.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, J., Bowen-Salter, H., O’Dwyer, L., Stevens, K., Nottle, C., & Baker, A. (2020). A qualitative analysis of pets as suicide protection for older people. Anthrozoös, 33(2), 191–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927936.2020.1719759
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zilcha-Mano, S., Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2011a). Pet in the therapy room: An attachment perspective on animal-assisted therapy. Attachment and Human Development, 13(6), 541–561. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2011.608987
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zilcha-Mano, S., Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2011b). An attachment perspective on human–pet relationships: Conceptualization and assessment of pet attachment orientations. Journal of Research in Personality, 45(4), 345–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2011.04.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar