Instructional practices and classroom communication apprehension: A cultural explanation

References

• Althen , G. 1988 . American ways. , Yarmouth, ME : Intercultural Press .
   Google Scholar
• Althen , G. 1992 . The Americans have to say everything. . Communication Quarterly , 40 : 413 – 421 .
   Google Scholar
• Buss , A. H. 1980 . Self consciousness and social anxiety. , San Francisco, CA : W. H. Freeman .
   Google Scholar
• Chesebro , J. W. , McCroskey , J. C. , Atwater , D. F. , Bahrenfuss , R. M. , Calwelti , G. , Gaudino , J. L. and Hodges , H. 1992 . Communication apprehension and self‐perceived communication competence of at‐risk students. . Communication Education , 41 : 345 – 360 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furnham , A. and Bochner , S. 1982 . “ Social difficulty in a foreign culture: An empirical analysis of culture shock. ” . In Cultures in contact , Edited by: Bochner , S. 161 – 198 . Oxford, London : Pergamon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gudykunst , W. B. and Kim , Y. Y. 1992 . Communicating with strangers: An approach to intercultural communication. , New York : Random House .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , E. T. 1976 . Beyond culture. , Garden City, NY : Anchor .
   Google Scholar
• Hofstede , G. 1980 . Culture's consequences. , Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Hofstede , G. 1983 . “ Dimensions of national cultures in fifty countries and three regions. ” . In Expiscations in cross‐cultural psychology , Edited by: Deregkowski , J. , Dziurawiec , S. and Annis , R. 335 – 355 . Lisse, , Netherlands : Swets & Zeitlinger .
   Google Scholar
• Kim , Y. Y. 1988 . Communication and cross‐cultural adaptation. , London : Multilingual Matters .
   Google Scholar
• Klopf , D. W. 1984 . “ Cross‐cultural apprehension research: A summary of Pacific Basin studies. ” . In Avoiding communication: Shyness, reticence, and communication apprehension , Edited by: Daly , J. A. and McCroskey , J. C. 157 – 169 . Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• McCroskey , J. C. and Daly , J. 1984 . “ Self‐report instruments. ” . In Avoiding communication: Communication apprehension, reticence, and shyness , J. McCroskey 81 – 94 . Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• McCroskey , J. C. and Andersen . 1976 . The relationship between communication apprehension and academic achievement among college students . Human Communication Research , 3 : 73 – 81 .
   Google Scholar
• McCroskey , J. C. and Richmond , V. P. 1990 . Willingness to communicate: Differing cultural perspectives. . Southern Communication Journal , 56 : 72 – 77 .
   Google Scholar
• Neer , M. 1987 . The development of an instrument to measure classroom apprehension . Communication Education , 36 : 154 – 166 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neer , M. 1990 . Reducing siruational anxiety and avoidance behavior associated with classroom apprehension. . Southern Communication Journal , 56 : 49 – 61 .
   Google Scholar
• Neer , M. and Kircher , W. F. 1989 . Apprehensives’ perception of classroom factors influencing their participation . Communication Research Reports , 6 : 70 – 77 .
   Google Scholar
• Olaniran , B. A. 1993 . International students’ network patterns and cultural stress: What really counts. . Communication Research Reports , 10 : 69 – 83 .
   Google Scholar
• Olaniran , B. A. and Roach , K. D. 1994 . Communication apprehension in Nigerian culture. . Communication Quarterly , 42 : 379 – 389 .
   Google Scholar
• Richmond , V. P. and Andriate , G. S. 1984 . Communication apprehension: Cross‐cultural perspectives. . Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Eastern Communication Association . April 1984 , Philadelphia, PA.
   Google Scholar
• Scott , M. and Wheeless , L. 1976 . “ An exploratory vestigation of three types of communication apprehension on student achievement ” . West Virginia University . Unpublished paper
   Google Scholar
• Watson , K. W. , Monroe , E. E. and Atterstrom , A. 1989 . Comparison of communication apprehension across cultures: American and Swedish children. . Communication Quarterly , 37 : 67 – 76 .
   Google Scholar