References
- Aune , R. K. and Waters , L. L. 1994 . Cultural differences in deception: Motivations to deceive in Samoans and North Americans . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 18 : 159 – 172 .
- Bavelas , J. B. , Black , A. , Chovil , N. and Mullett , J. 1990 . Equivocal communication , Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
- Bond , M. H. and Kwang‐kuo , H. 1986 . “ The social psychology of Chinese people ” . In The psychology of the Chinese people , Edited by: Bond , M. Hong Kong : OUP .
- Bond , M. H. and Lee , P. W. H. 1981 . “ Face saving in Chinese culture: A discussion and experimental study of Hong Kong students ” . In Social life and development in Hong Kong , Edited by: Bond , M. Hong Kong : The Chinese University Press .
- Buss , D. M. and Schmitt , D. P. 1993 . Sexual strategies theory: An evolutionary perspective on human mating . Psychological Review , 100 : 204 – 232 .
- Bowers , J. W. , Elliott , N. D. and Desmond , R. J. 1977 . Exploiting pragmatic rules: Devious messages . Human Communication Research , 3 : 235 – 242 .
- Burgoon , J. K. , Buller , D. B. , Guerrero , L. K. , Afifi , W. A. and Feldman , C. M. 1996 . Interpersonal deception XII: Information management dimensions underlying deceptive and truthful messages . Communication Monographs , 63 : 50 – 69 .
- Chang , H‐C and Holt , R. 1994 . “ A Chinese perspective on face as inter‐relational concern ” . In The challenge of facework: Cross‐cultural and interpersonal issues , Edited by: Ting‐Tooney , S. Albany, NY : State University of New York Press .
- Chiu , C‐Y. 1990 . Role expectation as the Principal criterion in justice judgment among Hong Kong Chinese students . The Journal of Psychology , 125 (5) : 557 – 565 .
- Chiu , C‐Y. 1991 . Hierarchical social relations and justice judgment among Hong Kong Chinese college students . The Journal of Social Psychology , 131 (6) : 885 – 887 .
- DePaulo , B. M. , Kashy , D. A. , Kirkendol , S. E. , Wyer , M. W. and Epstein , J. A. 1996 . Lying in everyday life . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 70 : 979 – 995 .
- Du , J. S. 1995 . “ Performance of face‐threatening acts in Chinese complaining, giving bad news, and disagreeing ” . In Pragmatics of Chinese as native and target language , Edited by: Kasper , G. Honolulu : University of Hawaii Press .
- Ekman , P. 1985 . Telling lies , NY : Berkley Books .
- Galasinski , D. Deception. Linguist's perspective . Paper presented at the International Communication Association convention . Sidney, Australia.
- Grice , P. 1989 . Studies in the way of words , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
- Gu , Y. 1990 . Politeness phenomena in modern Chinese . Journal of Pragmatics , 14 : 237 – 257 .
- Jacobs , S. , Dawson , E. J. and Brashers , D. 1996 . Information manipulation theory: A replication and assessment . Communication Monographs , 63 : 70 – 82 .
- Hofstede , G. 1980 . Culture's consequences: International differences in work related values , Newbury Park : Sage .
- Hopper , R. and Bell , R. A. 1984 . Broadening the deception construct . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 70 : 288 – 302 .
- Hu , H. C. 1944 . The Chinese concept of ‘face’ . American Anthropologist , 46 : 45 – 65 .
- Kasper , G. and Zhang , Y. 1995 . “ It's good to be a bit Chinese: Foreign students’ experience of Chinese pragmatics ” . In Pragmatics of Chinese a native and target language , Edited by: Kasper , G. Honolulu : University of Hawaii Press .
- Lapinski , M. K. 1995 . Deception and the self. A cultural examination of Information Manipulation Theory , Honolulu, HI : University of Hawaii . Unpublished master's thesis
- McCornack , S. A. 1992 . Information manipulation theory . Communication Monographs , 59 : 1 – 16 .
- McCornack , S. A. and Levine , T. R. 1990 . When lies are uncovered: Emotional and relational outcomes of discovered deception . Communication Monographs , 57 : 119 – 138 .
- McCornack , S. A. , Levine , T. R. , Morrison , K. and Lapinski , M. 1996 . Speaking of information manipulation: A critical rejoinder . Communication Monographs , 63 : 83 – 91 .
- McComack , S. A. , Levine , T. R. , Solowczuk , K. A. , Torres , H. I. and Campbell , D. M. 1992 . When the alteration of information is viewed as deception: An empirical test of information manipulation theory . Communication Monographs , 59 : 17 – 29 .
- Metts , S. 1989 . An exploratory investigation of deception in close relationships . Journal of Social and Personal Relationships , 6 : 159 – 179 .
- Nishiyama , K. Japanese negotiators: Are they deceptive or misunderstood? . Paper presented at the 23rd annual convention of the Communication Association of Japan .
- O'hair , D. , Cody , M. J. , Wang , X. T. and Chao , E. Y. 1990 . Vocal stress and deceptions detection among Chinese . Communication Quarterly , 38 : 158 – 169 .
- Saarni , C. and Lewis , M. 1993 . “ Deceit and illusion in human affairs ” . In Lying and deception in everyday life , Edited by: Lewis , M. and Saarni , C. New York : The Guilford Press .
- Tang , S. F. Y. and Kirkbride , P. S. 1986 . The development of conflict handling skills in Hong Kong: Some cross‐cultural issues , Working Paper No. 7 City Polytechnic of Hong Kong .
- Turner , R. E. , Edgley , C. and Olmstead , G. 1975 . Information control in conversations: Honesty is not always the best policy . Kansas Journal of Sociology , 11 : 69 – 89 .
- Yang , K‐S. 1986 . “ Chinese personality and its change ” . In The psychology of the Chinese people , Edited by: Bond , M. Hong Kong : OUP .
- Yum , J. O. 1988 . The impact of Confucianism on interpersonal relationships and communication patterns in East Asia . Communication Monographs , 55 : 374 – 388 .