Publication Cover
Society & Natural Resources
An International Journal
Volume 27, 2014 - Issue 8
306
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Use of the Stinkbug, Encosternum delegorguei (Hemiptera, Tessaratomidae), for Food and Income in South Africa

, &
Pages 882-897 | Received 11 Sep 2012, Accepted 14 Jun 2013, Published online: 18 Jun 2014

References

  • Botha , J. , E. T. F. Witkowski , C. M. Shackleton , and D. H. K. Fairbanks . 2004 . Socio-economic differentiation in the trade of wildlife species for traditional medicines in the Lowveld, South Africa: Implications for resource management initiatives . Int. J. Sustain. Dev. World Ecol. 11 : 280 – 297 .
  • Bowen-Jones , E. , and A. Entwistle . 2002 . Identifying appropriate flagship species: The importance of culture and local contexts . Oryx 36 : 189 – 195 .
  • Campbell , B. M. , M. Luckert , and I. Scoones . 1997 . Local-level valuation of savanna resources: A case study from Zimbabwe . Econ. Bot. 51 : 59 – 77 .
  • Clover , J. 2003 . Food-security in sub-Saharan Africa . Afri. Secur. Rev. 12 ( 1 ): 5 – 15 .
  • Cousins , B. 1999 . Invisible capital: The contribution of communal rangelands to rural livelihoods in South Africa . Dev. South. Afr. 16 ( 2 ): 299 – 318 .
  • Dovie , D. B. K. , E. T. F. Witkowski , and C. M. Shackleton . 2005 . Monetary valuation of livelihoods for understanding the composition and complexity of rural households . Agric. Hum. Values 22 : 87 – 103 .
  • Dovie , D. B. K. , E. T. F Witkowski , and C. M. Shackleton . 2008 . Knowledge of plant resource use based on location, gender and generation . Appl. Geogr. 28 : 311 – 322 .
  • Durst , P. B. , D. V. Johnson , R. N. Leslie , and K. Shono . 2010 . Forest insects as food: Humans bite back. FAO Regional Office, Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok. http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i1380e/i1380e00.htm (accessed 11 August 2012).
  • Dzerefos , C. M. , C. M. Shackleton , and E. T. F. Witkowski . 1999 . Sustainable utilisation of woodrose-producing mistletoes (Loranthaceae) in South Africa . Econ. Bot. 53 ( 4 ): 439 – 447 .
  • Dzerefos , C. M. , E. T. F. Witkowski , and R. Toms . 2009. Life-history traits of the edible stinkbug, Encosternum delegorguei (Hem., Tessaratomidae), a traditional food in southern Africa. J. Appl. Entomol. 133:749–759.
  • Dzerefos , C. M. , E. T. F. Witkowski , and R. Toms . 2013 . Comparison of the ethnoentomology of stinkbug use in southern Africa and sustainable management considerations . J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed. 9 : 20 . www.ethnobiomed.com/content/9/1/20 (accessed 1 May 2013).
  • Egan , B. A. , R. Toms , L. R. Minter , A. Addo-Bediako , P. Masoko , M. Mphosi , and P. A. S. Olivier . 2014 . Nutritional significance of the edible insect, Hemijana variegata Rothschild (Lepidoptera: Eupterotidae), of the Blouberg Region, Limpopo, South Africa . Afri. Entomol. 22 : 15 – 23 .
  • Fisher , J. T. , E. T. F. Witkowski , B. F. N. Erasmus , J. Van Aardt , G. P. Asner , K. J. Wessels , and R. Mathieu . 2012 . Human-modified landscapes: Patterns of fine-scale woody vegetation structure in communal savannah rangelands . Environ. Conserv. 39 : 72 – 82 .
  • Gardiner , A. J. , and E. M. Gardiner . 2003 . Edible insects. Part 1. Preparation of species from Mushumbi Pools, Zim . Afr. Entomol. 11 ( 1 ): 125 – 127 .
  • Gondo , T. , P. Frost , W. Kozanayi , J. Stack , and M. Mushongahande . 2010 . Linking knowledge and practice: Assessing options for sustainable use of mopane worms in southern Zimbabwe . J. Sustain. Dev. Afr. 12 : 127 – 145 .
  • Greyling , M. , and M. Potgieter . 2004 . Mopane worms as a key woodland resource . In Indigenous forests and woodlands in South Africa , ed. M. J. Lawes , H. A. C. Eeley , C. M. Shackleton and B. G. S. Geach , 575 – 589 . Pietermaritzburg , South Africa : University of Kwazulu-Natal Press .
  • Hunter , L. M. , W. Twine , and L. Patterson . 2007 . Locusts are now our beef: Adult mortality and household dietary use of local environmental resources in rural South Africa . Scand. J. Public Health 35 ( 3 ): 165 – 174 .
  • Illigner , P. , and E. Nel . 2000 . The geography of edible insects in sub-Saharan Africa: A study of the mopane caterpillar . Geogr. J. 166 ( 4 ): 336 – 351 .
  • Kaschula , S. A. , W. E. Twine , and M. C. Scholes . 2005 . Coppice harvesting of fuelwood species on a South African common: Utilizing scientific and indigenous knowledge in community based natural resource management . Hum. Ecol. 33 ( 3 ): 387 – 418 .
  • Kirkland , T. , L. M. Hunter , and W. Twine . 2007 . “The bush is no more”: Insights on institutional change and natural resource availability in rural South Africa . Society Nat. Resources 20 : 337 – 350 .
  • Limpopo employment, growth, and development plan (LEGDP) . 2004 . LEGDP 2009–2014 Version 3. Office of the Premier, Polokwane, Limpopo Province. http://www.limpopo.gov.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=39&Itemid=41 (accessed 26 March 2014).
  • Makhado , R. A. , G. P. Von Maltitz , M. J. Potgieter , and D. C. Wessels . 2009 . Contribution of woodland products to rural livelihoods in the northeast of Limpopo Province, South Africa . S. Afr. Geogr. J. 91 ( 1 ): 46 – 53 .
  • Mapendembe , A. 2005 . Jiri forest conservation in Nerumedzo, Bikita district, Zimbabwe . In Forests in the global balance-changing paradigms , ed. G. Mery , R. Alfaro , M. Kanninen , and M. Lobovikov , 87 – 88 . Vienna , Austria : International Union of Forest Research Organisations World Series vol 17. www.iufro.org/download/file/4239/4451/wfse-achie-artic-05_pdf (accessed 25 March 2014) .
  • Mathabathe , P. , and T. Shabangu . 2001 . Bolobedu: Towards an integrated intervention strategy to prevent crime and violence in rural South Africa . Pretoria , South Africa : Institute for Democracy in South Africa .
  • McGeoh , M. A. 2002 . Insect conservation in South Africa . Afr. Entomol. 10 ( 1 ): 1 – 10 .
  • Meyer-Rochow , V. B. , K. Nonaka , and S. Boulidam . 2008 . More feared than revered: Insects and their impacts on human societies (with some specific data on the importance of entomophagy in a Laotian Setting) . Entomol. Heute 20 : 3 – 25 .
  • Mlotha , M. J. 2001. Remote sensing and GIS linked to socio-analysis for land cover change assessment. Proceedings of the Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Sydney, Australia. ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/7695/21054/00976189.pdf?arnumber=976189 (accessed 25 March 2014).
  • Mitsuhashia , J. 1997 . Insects as traditional foods in Japan . Ecol. Food Nutr. 36 ( 2 ): 187 – 199 .
  • Morris , B. 2010 . Indigenous knowledge . Society Malawi J. 63 ( 1 ): 1 – 9 . http://www.jstor.org/stable/29783605 (accessed 12 June 2013).
  • Mpumalanga employment, growth, and development plan (MEGDP) . 2011 . Towards a more equitable and inclusive economy. Office of the Premier, Nelspruit, Mpumalanga Province. http://dedetkm.mpg.gov.za/images/km/strategies/MEGDPv3.pdf (accessed 26 March 2014).
  • Murphree , M. W. 2009 . The strategic pillars of communal natural resource management: Benefit, empowerment and conservation . Biodivers. Conserv. 18 : 2551 – 2562 .
  • Mutenje , M. J. , G. F. Ortmann , and S. R. D. Ferrer . 2011 . Management of non-timber forestry products extraction: Local institutions, ecological knowledge and market structure in south-eastern Zimbabwe . Ecol. Econ. 70 : 454 – 461 .
  • Paumgarten , F. 2005 . The role of non-timber forest products as safety-nets: A review of evidence with a focus on South Africa . GeoJournal 64 : 189 – 197 .
  • Rodger , K. , and M. Calver . 2005 . Natural science and wildlife tourism . In Aspects of tourism—Wildlife tourism , ed. D. Newsome , R. K. Dowling , and S. A. Moore , 226 – 228 . Trowbridge , UK : Cromwell Press .
  • Roe , D. 2008 . The origins and evolution of the conservation-poverty debate: A review of key literature, events and policy processes . Oryx 42 ( 4 ): 491 – 503 .
  • Rubin , A. , and E. R. Babbie . 2009 . Essential research methods for social work . Belmont , CA : Brooks/Cole CENGAGE Learning .
  • Samways , M. J. 2005 . Insect diversity conservation: Global change and synergistic impacts . Cambridge , UK : Cambridge University Press .
  • Shackleton , C. M. , and S. E. Shackleton . 2004a . The importance of non-timber forest products in rural livelihood security and as safety nets: A review of evidence from South Africa . S. Afri. J. Sci. 100 : 658 – 664 .
  • Shackleton , C. M. , and S. E. Shackleton . 2004b . Use of woodland resources for direct household provisioning . In Indigenous forests and woodlands in South Africa , ed. M. J. Lawes , H. A. C. Eeley , C. M. Shackleton , and B. G. S. Geach , 195 – 225 . Pietermaritzburg , South Africa : University of Kwazulu-Natal Press .
  • Shackleton , C. M. , S. E. Shackleton , T. R. Netshiluvhi , B. S. Geach , A. Balance , and D. H. K. Fairbanks . 2002 . Use patterns and value of savanna resources in three rural villages in South Africa . Econ. Bot. 56 ( 2 ): 130 – 146 .
  • Shackleton , S. E. , B. Campbell , H. Lotz-Sisitka , and C. M. Shackleton . 2008 . Links between the local trade in natural products, livelihoods and poverty alleviation in a semi-arid region of South Africa . World Dev. 36 ( 3 ): 505 – 526 .
  • Shackleton , S. E. , F. Paumgarten , H. Kassa , M. Husselman , and Z. Zida . 2011 . Opportunities for enhancing poor women's socioeconomic empowerment in the value chains of three African non-timber forest products (NTFPs) . Int. For. Rev. 13 ( 2 ): 136 – 151 .
  • Smart , R. , M. J. Whiting , and W. Twine . 2005 . Lizards and landscapes: Integrating field surveys and interviews to assess the impact of human disturbance on lizard assemblages and selected reptiles in a savanna in South Africa . Biol. Conserv. 122 : 23 – 31 .
  • Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) . 2003 . Census in brief . http://www.statssa.gov.za/census01/html/C2001publications.asp (accessed 26 March 2014).
  • Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) . 2013 . Quarterly labour force survey. https://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0211/P02111stQuarter2013.pdf (accessed 26 March 2014).
  • Statsoft, Inc. 2004 Statistica. Version 6. Statsoft, Tulsa .
  • Suich , H. , B. Child , and A. Spenceley . 2009. Evolution and innovation in wildlife conservation: Parks and game ranches to transfrontier conservation areas . London : Earthscan Research Editions.
  • Teffo , L. S. , R. B. Toms , and J. N. Eloff . 2007 . Preliminary data on the nutritional composition of the edible stinkbug, Encosternum delegorguei Spinola, consumed in Limpopo Province, South Africa . S. Afr. J. Sci. 103 : 434 – 436 .
  • Thomas , C. D. , J. A. Thomas , and M. S. Warren . 1992 . Distributions of occupied and vacant butterfly habitats in fragmented landscapes . Oecologia 92 : 563 – 567 .
  • Torquebiau , E. F. , and R. D. Taylor . 2009 . Community-based natural resource management: Innovations still required . Biodivers. Conserv. 18 ( 10 ): 2537 – 2550 .
  • Twine , W. , D. Moshe , T. Netshiluvhi , and V. Siphugu . 2003 . Consumption and direct-use values of savanna bio-resources used by rural households in Mametja, a semi-arid area of Limpopo Province, South Africa . S. Afr. J. Sci. 99 : 467 – 473 .
  • van Huis , A. 2003 . Insects as food in sub-Saharan Africa . Insect Sci. Appl. 23 ( 3 ): 163 – 185 .
  • van Rooyen , N. , and G. Bredenkamp . 1996 . Sour Lowveld Bushveld . In Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. A companion to the vegetation map of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland , ed. A. B. Low and A. G. Rebelo , 28 – 29 . Pretoria , South Africa : Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism .
  • Venter , S. , and E. T. F. Witkowski . 2013 . Fruits of our labour: Contribution of commercial baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) fruit harvesting to the livelihoods of marginalized people in northern Venda, South Africa . Agrofor. Systems 87 : 159 – 172 .
  • Williams , V. L. , K. Balkwill , and E. T. F. Witkowski . 2000 . Unravelling the commercial market for medicinal plants and plant parts on the Witwatersrand, South Africa . Econ. Bot. 54 ( 3 ): 310 – 327 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.