Wildland–Urban Interface Residents’ Relationships with Wildfire: Variation Within and Across Communities

References

• Bihari, M., and R. Ryan. 2012. Influence of social Capital on community preparedness for wildfires. Landscape and Urban Planning 106 (3):253–261. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.03.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenkert-Smith, H. 2010. Building bridges to fight fire: The role of informal social interactions in six Colorado wildland–urban interface communities. International Journal of Wildland Fire 19 (6):689–697. doi:10.1071/WF09063.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenkert-Smith, H. 2011. Homeowners’ perspectives on the parcel approach to wildland fire mitigation: The role of community context in two Colorado communities. Journal of Forestry 109 (4):193–200. doi:10.1093/jof/109.4.193.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenkert-Smith, H., J. R. Meldrum, P. Wilson, P. A. Champ, C. M. Barth, and A. Boag. 2018. Living with wildfire in La Plata County, Colorado: 2015 data report. Research Note RMRS-RN-80. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.
   Google Scholar
• Brenkert-Smith, H., P. A. Champ, and N. Flores. 2006. Insights into wildfire mitigation decisions among wildland-urban interface residents. Society & Natural Resources 19 (8):759–768. doi:10.1080/08941920600801207.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenkert-Smith, H., P. A. Champ, and N. Flores. 2012. Trying not to get burned: Understanding homeowners’ wildfire risk–mitigation behaviors. Environmental Management 50 (6):1139–1151. doi:10.1007/s00267-012-9949-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bright, A. D., and R. T. Burtz. 2006. Firewise activities of full-time versus seasonal residents in the wildland-urban interface. Journal of Forestry 104 (6):307–315. doi:10.1093/jof/104.6.307.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Browne, W. J., S. V. Subramanian, K. Jones, and H. Goldstein. 2005. Variance partitioning in multilevel logistic models that exhibit overdispersion. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 168 (3):599–613. doi:10.1111/j.1467-985X.2004.00365.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll, M. S., T. Paveglio, A. Ellison, J. Abrams, and C. Moseley. 2014. Community diversity and wildfire risk: An archetype approach to understanding local capacity to plan for, respond to, and recover from wildfires. Ecosystem Workforce Program Working Paper Number 50. Eugene, OR: University of Oregon. p. 20.
   Google Scholar
• Champ, P. A., G. H. Donovan, and C. M. Barth. 2013. Living in a tinderbox: Wildfire risk perceptions and mitigating behaviours. International Journal of Wildland Fire 22 (6):832–840. doi:10.1071/WF12093.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheung, C., D. Goodman, G. Leckie, and J. M. Jenkins. 2011. Understanding contextual effects on externalizing behaviors in children in out-of-home care: Influence of workers and foster families. Children and Youth Services Review 33 (10):2050–2060. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.05.036.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. D. 2000. Preventing disaster: Home ignitability in the wildland-urban interface. Journal of Forestry 98 (3):15–21. doi:10.1093/jof/98.3.15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohn, P. J., D. R. Williams, and M. S. Carroll. 2008. Wildland-urban interface residents’ views on risk and attribution. In Wildfire risk: Human perceptions and management implications, eds. W. E. Martin, C. Raish, and B. Kent, 23–43. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future.
   Google Scholar
• Collins, T. W. 2008. What influences hazard mitigation? Household decision making about wildfire risks in Arizona’s white mountains. The Professional Geographer 60 (4):508–526. doi:10.1080/00330120802211737.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniel, T. C. 2007. Perceptions of wildfire risk. In People, fire, and forests: A synthesis of wildfire social science, eds. T. C. Daniel, M. S. Carroll, C. Moseley, and C. Raish, 55–69. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press
   Google Scholar
• Dickinson, K., H. Brenkert-Smith, P. Champ, and N. Flores. 2015. Catching fire? Social interactions, beliefs, and wildfire risk mitigation behaviors. Society & Natural Resources 28 (8):807–824. doi:10.1080/00330120802211737.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faulkner, H., B. L. McFarlane, and T. K. McGee. 2009. Comparison of homeowner response to wildfire risk among towns with and without wildfire management. Environmental Hazards 8 (1):38–51. doi:10.3763/ehaz.2009.0006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fire Adapted Communities (FAC) Coalition 2014. Guide to Fire Adapted Communities. 33p. http://fireadapted.org/resources.aspx (accessed March 13, 2018).
   Google Scholar
• Fischer, A. P., T. Paveglio, M. Carroll, D. Murphy, and H. Brenkert-Smith. 2013. Assessing social vulnerability to climate change in human communities near public forests and grasslands: A framework for resource managers and planners. Journal of Forestry 111 (5):357–365. doi:10.5849/jof.12-091.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein, H., W. Browne, and J. Rasbash. 2002. Partitioning variation in multilevel models. Understanding Statistics 1 (4):223–231. doi:10.1207/S15328031US0104_02.
   Google Scholar
• Gordon, J. S., A. Luloff, and R. C. Stedman. 2012. A multisite qualitative comparison of community wildfire risk perceptions. Journal of Forestry 110 (2):74–78. doi:10.5849/jof.10-086.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, T. E., and M. Slothower. 2009. Cognitive factors affecting homeowners’ reactions to defensible space in the Oregon Coast range. Society & Natural Resources 22 (2):95–110. doi:10.1080/08941920802392187.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammer, R. B., S. I. Stewart, and V. C. Radeloff. 2009. Demographic trends, the wildland–urban interface, and wildfire management. Society & Natural Resources 22 (8):777–782. doi:10.1080/08941920802714042.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmes, T. P., K. L. Abt, R. J. Huggett, Jr, and J. P. Prestemon. 2007. Efficient and equitable design of wildfire mitigation programs. In People, fire, and forests: A synthesis of wildfire social science, eds. T. C. Daniel, M. S. Carroll, C. Moseley, and C. Raish, 143–156. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson, C., N. Best, and S. Richardson. 2008. Hierarchical related regression for combining aggregate and individual data in studies of socio‐economic disease risk factors. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 171 (1):159–178. doi:10.1111/j.1467-985X.2007.00500.x.
   Google Scholar
• Koebele, E., D. A. Crow, L. A. Lawhon, A. Kroepsch, R. Schild, and K. Clifford. 2015. Wildfire outreach and citizen entrepreneurs in the wildland-urban interface: A cross-case analysis in Colorado. Society & Natural Resources 28 (8):918–923. doi:10.1080/08941920.2015.1054975.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCaffrey, S. 2004a. Thinking of wildfire as a natural hazard. Society & Natural Resources 17 (6):509–516. doi:10.1080/08941920490452445.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCaffrey, S. 2015. Community wildfire preparedness: A global state-of-the-knowledge summary of social science research. Current Forestry Reports 1 (2):81–90. doi:10.1007/s40725-015-0015-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCaffrey, S. M. 2004b. Fighting fire with education: What is the best way to reach out to homeowners? Journal of Forestry 102 (5):12–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCaffrey, S., E. Toman, M. Stidham, and B. Shindler. 2013. Social science research related to wildfire management: An overview of recent findings and future research needs. International Journal of Wildland Fire 22 (1):15–24. doi:10.1071/WF11115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCaffrey, S., M. Stidham, E. Toman, and B. Shindler. 2011. Outreach programs, peer pressure, and common sense: What motivates homeowners to mitigate wildfire risk? Environmental Management 48 (3):475–488. doi:10.1007/s00267-011-9704-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFarlane, B. L., T. K. McGee, and H. Faulkner. 2011. Complexity of homeowner wildfire risk mitigation: An integration of hazard theories. International Journal of Wildland Fire 20 (8):921–931. doi:10.1071/WF10096.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLennan, J., D. Paton, and L. Wright. 2015. At-risk householders' responses to potential and actual bushfire threat: An analysis of findings from seven australian post-bushfire interview studies 2009–2014. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 12:319–327. doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2015.02.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meldrum, J. R., C. M. Barth, L. C. Falk, H. Brenkert-Smith, T. Warziniack, and P. A. Champ. 2013. Living with wildfire in Log Hill Mesa, Colorado. Research Note RMRS-RN-66. Fort Collins, CO: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.
   Google Scholar
• Meldrum, J. R., C. M. Barth, L. C. Falk, H. Brenkert-Smith, T. Warziniack, and P. A. Champ. 2015. Living with wildfire in Delta County, Colorado: Cross-community comparisons. Research Note RMRS-RN-67. Fort Collins, CO: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.
   Google Scholar
• Meldrum, J. R., H. Brenkert-Smith, P. Wilson, P. A. Champ, C. M. Barth, and A. Boag. 2018a. Living with wildfire in Archuleta County, Colorado: 2015 data report.. Research Note RMRS-RN-79. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.
   Google Scholar
• Meldrum, J. R., H. Brenkert-Smith, P. Wilson, P. A. Champ, C. M. Barth, and A. Boag. 2018b. Living with wildfire in Montezuma County, Colorado: 2015 data report. Research Note RMRS-RN-81. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.
   Google Scholar
• Meldrum, J. R., L. C. Falk, J. Gomez, C. M. Barth, H. Brenkert-Smith, T. Warziniack, and P. A. Champ. 2017. Living with wildfire in telluride fire protection district, Colorado. Research Note RMRS-RN-75. Fort Collins, CO: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.
   Google Scholar
• Merlo, J., B. Chaix, H. Ohlsson, A. Beckman, K. Johnell, P. Hjerpe, L. Råstam, and K. Larsen. 2006. A brief conceptual tutorial of multilevel analysis in social epidemiology: Using measures of clustering in multilevel logistic regression to investigate contextual phenomena. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 60 (4):290–297. doi:10.1136/jech.2004.029454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monroe, M. C., A. J. Long, and S. Marynowski. 2003. Wildland fire in the southeast: Negotiating guidelines for defensible space. Journal of Forestry 101 (3):14–19. doi:10.1093/jof/101.3.14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moritz, M. A., E. Batllori, R. A. Bradstock, A. M. Gill, J. Handmer, P. F. Hessburg, J. Leonard, S. McCaffrey, D. C. Odion, and T. Schoennagel. 2014. Learning to coexist with wildfire. Nature 515 (7525):58–66. doi:10.1038/nature13946.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson, K. C., M. C. Monroe, and J. F. Johnson. 2005. The look of the land: Homeowner landscape management and wildfire preparedness in Minnesota and Florida. Society & Natural Resources 18 (4):321–336. doi:10.1080/08941920590915233.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen-Pincus, M., R. G. Ribe, and B. R. Johnson. 2015. Spatially and socially segmenting private landowner motivations, properties, and management: A typology for the wildland urban interface. Landscape and Urban Planning 137:1–12. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.11.020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paveglio, T. B., C. Moseley, M. S. Carroll, D. R. Williams, E. J. Davis, and A. P. Fischer. 2015. Categorizing the social context of the wildland urban interface: Adaptive capacity for wildfire and community “archetypes”. Forest Science 61 (2):298–310. doi:10.5849/forsci.14-036.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paveglio, T. B., J. Abrams, and A. Ellison. 2016. Developing fire adapted communities: The importance of interactions among elements of local context. Society & Natural Resources 29 (10):1246–1261. doi:10.1080/08941920.2015.1132351.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paveglio, T. B., P. J. Jakes, M. S. Carroll, and D. R. Williams. 2009. Understanding social complexity within the wildland–urban interface: A new species of human habitation? Environmental Management 43 (6):1085–1095. doi:10.1007/s00267-009-9282-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prior, T., and C. Eriksen. 2013. Wildfire preparedness, community cohesion and social–ecological systems. Global Environmental Change 23 (6):1575–1586. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.09.016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stidham, M., S. McCaffrey, E. Toman, and B. Shindler. 2014. Policy tools to encourage community-level defensible space in the United States: A tale of six communities. Journal of Rural Studies 35:59–69. doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2014.04.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The National Strategy. 2014. The final phase in the development of the national cohesive wildland fire management strategy. https://www.forestsandrangelands.gov/strategy/documents/strategy/CSPhaseIIINationalStrategyApr2014.pdf (accessed March 13, 2018).
   Google Scholar
• Tierney, K. J., M. K. Lindell, and R. W. Perry. 2001. Facing the unexpected: Disaster preparedness and response in the United States. Washington DC: Joseph Henry Press.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR). 2009. Terminology on disaster risk reduction (DRR). https://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/terminology (accessed March 13, 2018).
   Google Scholar
• Vining, J., and M. S. Merrick. 2008. The influence of proximity to a national Forest on emotions and fire-management decisions. Environmental Management 41 (2):155–167. doi:10.1007/s00267-007-9041-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisshaupt, B. R., P. J. Jakes, M. S. Carroll, and K. A. Blatner. 2007. Northern inland west land/homeowner perceptions of fire risk and responsibility in the wildland-urban interface. Human Ecology Review 14 (2):177–187.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winter, G., C. Vogt, and J. S. Fried. 2002. Fuel treatments at the wildland-urban interface: Common concerns in diverse regions. Journal of Forestry 100 (1):15–21. doi:10.1093/jof/100.1.15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winter, G., S. McCaffrey, and C. A. Vogt. 2009. The role of community policies in defensible space compliance. Forest Policy and Economics 11 (8):570–578. doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2009.07.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar