Societal Factors Influencing Hunting Participation Decline in Japan: An Exploratory Study of Two Prefectures

References

• Blascovich, G. M., and A. L. Metcalf. 2019. Improving non-hunters’ attitudes toward hunting. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 24 (5):480–7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2019.1605636.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, V., and V. Clarke. 2012. Thematic analysis. In APA Handbook of research methods in psychology: Vol. 2. Research designs, ed. H. Cooper, 57–71. Washington D.C.: American Psychological Assoc.
   Google Scholar
• Byrd, E., J. G. Lee, and N. J. O. Widmar. 2017. Perceptions of hunting and hunters by US respondents. Animals 7 (12):83. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani7110083.
   Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W. 2013. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Denyer, S. 2018. A man left his house to go to work. Then he was trampled by a wild boar. https://www.washingtonpost.com (accessed August 10, 2019).
   Google Scholar
• Doering, A., and C. Evers. 2019. Maintaining masculinities in Japan’s transnational surfscapes: Space, place, and gender. Journal of Sport and Social Issues 43 (5):386–406. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723519867584.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franklin, A. 2001. Neo-Darwinian leisures, the body and nature: Hunting and angling in modernity. Body & Society, 7(4): 57–76.
   Google Scholar
• Fell, T. P. 2008. Conflict and legitimacy: Explaining tensions in Swedish hunting policy at the local level. Environmental Politics 17 (1):105–14. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09644010701811707.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fusch, P. I., and L. R. Ness. 2015. Are we there yet? Data saturation in qualitative research. The Qualitative Report 20 (9):1408. doi: https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2015.2281.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geisser, H., and H. U. Reyer. 2004. Efficacy of hunting, feeding, and fencing to reduce crop damage by wild boars. The Journal of Wildlife Management 68 (4):939–46. doi: https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0939:EOHFAF.2.0.CO;2]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, H. P., M. N. Peterson, and C. Jensen. 2012. Demographic transition among hunters: A temporal analysis of hunter recruitment dedication and motives in Denmark. Wildlife Research 39 (5):446–51. doi: https://doi.org/10.1071/WR12028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, H. P., M. N. Peterson, and T. R. Peterson. 2010. Results of the nordic hunting in society symposium. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 15 (4):301–2. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10871201003786067.
   Google Scholar
• Hansson-Forman, K., C.Sandström, and G. Ericsson. 2020. What influences hunting participation of potential new hunters? Qualitative insights from Sweden. Wildlife Biology, 2020(4): 1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Heberlein, T. A., and G. Ericsson. 2005. Ties to the countryside: accounting for urbanites attitudes toward hunting, wolves, and wildlife. Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 10(3): 213–227.
   Google Scholar
• Igota, H., and M. Suzuki. 2008. Community-based wildlife management: a case study of sika deer in Japan. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 13 (6):416–28. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10871200802270141.
   Google Scholar
• Iijima, H. 2017. The effects of landscape components, wildlife behavior and hunting methods on hunter effort and hunting efficiency of sika deer. Wildlife Biology (4):1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Johnston, E. 2019. Japan's aging hunters look for fresh blood to solve boar woes. https://www.japantimes.co.jp (accessed 27 January 2019).
   Google Scholar
• Kaji, K. 2013. Distribution, status and management of ungulates in Japan. Tokyo: Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.
   Google Scholar
• Kaji, K., Igota, H., & Suzuki, M. (2013). Science of hunting for wildlife management in Japan. Tokyo: Asakura Press (In Japanese).
   Google Scholar
• Kaji, K., and S. Koike. 2015. Yaseidōbutsu no kanrishisutemu [The system for managing wildlife]. Tōkyō: Kōdansha.
   Google Scholar
• Karns, G. R., J. T. Bruskotter, and R. J. Gates. 2015. Explaining hunting participation in Ohio: a story of changing land use and new technology. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 20 (6):484–500. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2015.1073409.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knight, C. 2007. The system of wildlife management and conservation in Japan, with particular reference to the Asiatic Black Bear. New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies 9 (1):62.
   Google Scholar
• Knight, J. 2003. Waiting for wolves in Japan: An anthropological study of people-wildlife relations. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kopel, D. B. 1993. Japanese gun control. Asia Pacific Law Review 2 (2):26–52. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/18758444.1993.11787979.
   Google Scholar
• Larson, L. R., R. C. Stedman, D. J. Decker, W. F. Siemer, and M. S. Baumer. 2014. Exploring the social habitat for hunting: Toward a comprehensive framework for understanding hunter recruitment and retention. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 19 (2):105–22. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2014.850126.
   Google Scholar
• Ljung, P. E., S. J. Riley, T. A. Heberlein, and G. Ericsson. 2012. Eat prey and love: Game-meat consumption and attitudes toward hunting. Wildlife Society Bulletin 36 (4):669–75. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.208.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, C. A., and J. Vaske. 2003. Individual and situational influences on declining hunter effort in Illinois. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 8 (4):263–76. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/716100421.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. 2019. FY 2018 summary of the annual report on food, agriculture and rural areas in Japan. Tokyo: MAFF.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of the Environment Japan. 2015. The situation etc. of the number of caught animals and damages etc. – holder of the hunting license divided by age https://www.env.go.jp/nature/choju/docs/docs4/ (accessed September 2, 2019).
   Google Scholar
• Mkono, M. 2018. The age of digital activism in tourism: Evaluating the legacy and limitations of the Cecil anti-trophy hunting movement. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(9): 1608–1624.
   Google Scholar
• Moghimehfar, F., H. W. Harshaw, and L. Foote. 2017. Hunting tourism: The case of Canadian prairie waterfowl hunters. In Wildlife tourism, environmental learning and ethical encounters, eds. I. B. De Lima, and R.J. Green, 273–86. Cham. IL: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Müller, A. 2015. Sustainability in hunting licence systems of Japan and South Korea. In Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies, Volume 7, eds. F. Rudiger, I. Hein, L. Pokorny, and A. Schick-Chen, 165–96. Vienna: Praesens Verlag. doi: https://doi.org/10.2478/vjeas-2015-0006.
   Google Scholar
• Nagata, K., T. Koboyashi, M. Yamane, A. Tamura, H. Kuribayashi, and A. Takii. 2006. Report of the sika deer (Cervus Nippon) population research for sika deer management. Bull Kanagawa Prefecture Natural Environment Conservation Center 3:28–36 (in Japanese).
   Google Scholar
• Norwood, B. L. 2003. Gun control. Bloomington: Xlibris Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Nugent, G., and D. Choquenot. 2004. Comparing cost‐effectiveness of commercial harvesting, state‐funded culling, and recreational deer hunting in New Zealand. Wildlife Society Bulletin 32 (2):481–92. doi: https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2004)32[481:CCOCHS.2.0.CO;2]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson, M. N., H. P. Hansen, M. J. Peterson, and T. R. Peterson. 2011. How hunting strengthens social awareness of coupled human-natural systems. Wildlife Biology in Practice 6 (2):127–43. doi: https://doi.org/10.2461/wbp.2010.6.10.
   Google Scholar
• Robison, K. K., and D. Ridenour. 2012. Whither the love of hunting? Explaining the decline of a major form of rural recreation as a consequence of the rise of virtual entertainment and urbanism. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 17 (6):418–36. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2012.680174.
   Google Scholar
• Ryan, E. L., and B. Shaw. 2011. Improving hunter recruitment and retention. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 16 (5):311–7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2011.559530.
   Google Scholar
• Saito, M. U., H. Momose, S. Inoue, O. Kurashima, and H. Matsuda. 2016. Range-expanding wildlife: Modelling the distribution of large mammals in Japan, with management implications. International Journal of Geographical Information Science 30 (1):20–35. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2014.952301.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakurai, R. 2019. Human dimensions of wildlife management in Japan. Singapore: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Sakurai, R., K. G. Tidball, R. C. Stedman, and H. Tsunoda. 2018. Exploring socialecological resilience via three megafauna in Japan: An exercise in integrating ideas of human dimensions of wildlife management, Satoyama, and SES thinking. 25, 2.
   Google Scholar
• Schulp, J. A., F. Pettinga, and P. Meester. 2014. Game consumption and attitudes to hunting in the Netherlands. Research in Hospitality Management 4 (1–2):91–5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/22243534.2014.11828319.
   Google Scholar
• Shimbun, A. 2017. Conflict with wildlife. 2017, February 4. p. 10.
   Google Scholar
• Stedman, R. C., and T. Heberlein. 2009. Hunting and rural socialization: Contingent effects of the rural setting on hunting participation. Rural Sociology 66 (4):599–617. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1549-0831.2001.tb00086.x.
   Google Scholar
• Stüwe, A. 2017. Jibie: reinventing hunting in 21st century Japan. Master's thesis, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands.
   Google Scholar
• Taguchi, H. 2009. Correlative significance of trap-placing and environmental differences: Traditional hunting in mountainous areas of Central and Northern Japan. In Human–nature relations and the historical backgrounds of hunter-gatherer cultures in Northeast Asian forests (Senri Ethnological Studies 72), ed. S. Sasaki. Osaka: National Museum of Ethnology.
   Google Scholar
• Takahashi, M. A. 2009. Overview of the structure and the challenges of Japanese wildlife law and policy. Biological Conservation 142 (9):1958–64. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2009.05.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tickle, L. 2019. The practice of hunting as a way to transcend alienation from nature. Journal of Transdisciplinary Environmental Studies 17 (1):22–37.
   Google Scholar
• Tokida, K. 2015. History of wildlife management in Japan and amendment of the Wildlife Protection and Proper Hunting Act in 2014. Wildl Hum Soc 3 (1):3–11 (in Japanese with English abstract).
   Google Scholar
• Tsunoda, H., and H. Enari. 2020. A strategy for wildlife management in depopulating rural areas of Japan. Conservation Biology 34 (4):819–28. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ueda, G., N. Kanzaki, and M. Koganezawa. 2010. Changes in the structure of the Japanese hunter population from 1965 to 2005. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 15 (1):16–26. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10871200903161470.
   Google Scholar
• Wortley, K. 2017. Japan’s meat appetite breaks records. https://www.globalmeatnews.com (accessed April 25, 2019).
   Google Scholar