References
- 1996 . Plan de ordenamiento territorial del Municipio El Castillo Boca de Sábalos, Nicaragua (mimeogr.).
- Babb , F. E. 2001 . After revolution: Mapping gender and cultural politics in neoliberal Nicaragua , Austin : Texas University Press .
- Bates , D. and Rudel , T. K. 2000 . The political ecology of conserving tropical rain forests: A cross-national analysis . Society Nat. Resources , 13 ( 7 ) : 619 – 634 .
- Batterbury , S. 2001 . Landscapes of diversity: A local political ecology of livelihood diversification in south-western Niger . Ecumene , 8 ( 4 ) : 438 – 464 .
- Blaikie , P. 1995 . Changing environments or changing views? . Geography , 80 ( 348 ) : 203 – 214 .
- Brechin , S. R. , Wilshusen , P. R. , Fortwangeler , C. L. and West , P. C. 2002 . Beyond the square wheel: Toward a more comprehensive understanding of biodiversity conservation as a social and political process . Society Nat. Resources , 15 ( 1 ) : 41 – 64 .
- Bruner , A. C. , Cullison , R. E. , Rice , R. E. and Fonseca , G. da. 2001 . “ Effectiveness of parks in protecting tropical biodiversity ” . In Science 125 – 128 .
- Bryant , R. L. 1998 . Power, knowledge and political ecology in the third world . Prog. Phys. Geog. , 22 ( 1 ) : 79 – 94 .
- Bryant , R. L. and Bailey , S. 1997 . Third world political ecology , London : Routledge .
- Colchester , M. 1997 . “ Salvaging nature: Indigenous peoples and protected areas ” . In Social change and conservation , Edited by: Ghimire , K. B. and Pimbert , M. P. 97 – 130 . London : Earthscan . In
- Conklin , B. A. and Graham , L. R. 1995 . The shifting middle ground: Amazonian Indians and eco-politics . Am. Anthropo. , 97 ( 4 ) : 695 – 710 .
- DANIDA, Danish International Development Assistance. 1998 . Managua, , Nicaragua (mimeogr.).
- DANIDA, Danish International Development Assistance. 2000 . Managua, , Nicaragua (mimeogr.).
- Edelman , M. 1999 . Peasants against globalization: Rural social movements in Costa Rica , Stanford, CA : Stanford University Press .
- Fairhead , J. and Leach , M. 1995 . False forest history, complicit social analysis: Rethinking some West African environmental narratives . World De. , 23 ( 6 ) : 1023 – 1035 .
- FAO, United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. 2000 . Rome : FAO .
- Fisher , W. H. 1994 . Megadevelopment, environmentalism, and resistance: The institutional context of Kayapó indigenous politics in Central Brazil . Hum. Org. , 53 ( 3 ) : 220 – 232 .
- Ghimire , K. 1994 . Parks and people: Livelihood issues in national parks management in Thailand and Madagascar . Dev. Change , 25 ( 1 ) : 195 – 229 .
- Ghimire , K. and Pimbert , M. 1997 . “ Social change and conservation: An overview of issues and concepts ” . In Social change and conservation , Edited by: Ghimire , K. and Pimbert , M. 1 – 45 . London : Earthscan . In
- Girot , P. O. and Nietschmann , B. Q. 1992 . The Río San Juan: The geopolitics and ecopolitics of the Río San Juan . Nat. Geogr. Res. Explor. , 8 ( 1 ) : 52 – 63 .
- 1994 . Managua, , Nicaragua (mimeogr.)
- Godoy , J. C. 1997 . Hacia el consenso del sistema centroamericano de áreas protegidas (SICAP) , Guatemala City, Guatemala : PROARCAS-CAPAS .
- Government of Nicaragua . 2001 . A strengthened growth and poverty reduction strategy Managua, , Nicaragua (mimeogr.).
- Hitchcock , R. K. 1997 . African wildlife: Conservation and conflict Life and death matters: Human rights and the environment at the end of the millenium , Edited by: Johnston , B. R. 81 – 95 . Walnut Creek, CA : AltaMira Press . In
- Hobbs , J. J. 1996 . Speaking with people in Egypt's St. Katherine National Park . Geogr. Rev. , 86 ( 1 ) : 1 – 21 .
- IRENA, Instituto de Recursos Naturales. 1991 . Managua, , Nicaragua (mimeogr.).
- IRENA, Instituto de Recursos Naturales. 1992 . Plan de acción forestal , Managua, Nic.: IRENA. .
- Jackson , J. 1995 . Culture, genuine and spurious: The politics of Indianness in the Vaupés, Colombia . Am. Ethnol. , 22 ( 1 ) : 3 – 27 .
- Johnson , J. C. 1990 . Selecting ethnographic informants , London : Sage .
- Li , T. 2000 . Articulating indigenous identity in Indonesia: Resource politics and the tribal slot . Comp. Stud. Society Hist. , 42 ( 1 ) : 149 – 179 .
- Lofland , J. and Lofland , L. H. 1995 . Analyzing social settings: A guide to qualitative observation and analysis , Belmont, CA : Wadsworth .
- Neumann , R. P. 1997 . Primitive ideas: Protected area buffer zones and the politics of land in Africa . Devel. Change , 28 ( 4 ) : 559 – 582 .
- Novellino , D. 2003 . “ Contrasting landscapes, conflicting ontologies: Assessing environmental conservation on Palawan Island. ” . In Ethnographies of conservation: Environmentalism and the distribution of power , Edited by: Andersson , D. G. and Berglund , E. 171 – 188 . Oxford, , UK : Berghahn Book . In
- Nugent , S. 1999 . “ Verging on the marginal: Modern Amazonian peasantries ” . In Lilies of the field: Marginal people who live for the moment , Edited by: Day , S. , Papataxiarchis , E. and Stewart , M. 179 – 195 . Boulder, CO : Westview Press . In
- Nygren , A. 2000 . Development discourses and peasant-forest relations: Natural resource utilization as a social process . Dev. Change , 31 ( 1 ) : 11 – 34 .
- Nygren , A. 2003 . Violent conflicts and threatened lives: Nicaraguan experiences of wartime displacement and postwar distress . J. Latin Am. Stud. , 35 ( 2 ) : 367 – 393 .
- Peet , R. and Watts , M. 1996 . Liberation ecologies: Environment, development, social movements , London : Routledge .
- Peluso , N. L. 1992 . Rich forests, poor people: Resource control and resistance in Java , Berkeley : University of California Press .
- Proyecto Trópico Húmedo. 1995 . Caracteristicas edafoclimáticas Río San Juan, Nicaragua , Managua, , Nicaragua : Universidad Centroamericana . (mimeogr.).
- Rabella , J. 1995 . Aproximación a la historia de Río San Juan , Managua, , Nicaragua : Solidaridad Internacional .
- Rocheleau , D. , Steinberg , P. E. and Benjamin , P. A. 1890-1990 . Environment, development, crisis, and crusade: Ukambani, Kenya . World Dev. , 23 ( 6 ) : 1037 – 1051 .
- Schensul , J. , LeCompte , M. , Trotter , R. , Cromley , E. and Singer , M. 1999a . Mapping social networks, spatial data & hidden populations , Walnut Creek, CA : Altamira Press .
- Schensul , S. , Schensul , J. and LeCompte , M. 1999b . Essential ethnographic methods , Walnut Creek, CA : Altamira Press .
- Schmink , M. and Wood , C. H. 1992 . Contested frontiers in Amazonia , New York : Columbia University Press .
- Seidman , I. 1998 . Interviewing as qualitative research , New York : Columbia University Press .
- Sioh , M. 1998 . Authorizing the Malaysian rainforest: Configuring space, contesting claims and conquering imaginaries . Ecumene , 5 ( 2 ) : 144 – 166 .
- Strauss , A. and Corbin , J. 1990 . Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques , Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
- Utting , P. 1993 . Trees, people and power: Social dimensions of deforestation and forest protection in Central America , London : Earthscan .
- Vegacruz , C. 1995 . Inventario de programas y proyectos existentes , Managua, , Nicaragua : MARENA (mimeogr.) .
- Wilshusen , P. R. , Brechin , S. R. , Fortwangler , C. L. and West , P. C. 2002 . Reinventing a square wheel: Critique of a resurgent “protection paradigm” in international biodiversity conservation . Society Nat. Resources , 15 ( 1 ) : 17 – 40 .
- Watts , M. 2000 . “ Contested communities, malignant markets, and gilded governance: Justice, resource extraction, and conservation in the tropics ” . In People, plants, and justice: The politics of nature conservation , Edited by: Zerner , C. 21 – 51 . New York : Columbia University Press . In
- Young , E. 1999 . Local people and conservation in Mexico's El Vizcaino biosphere reserve . Geogr. Rev. , 89 ( 3 ) : 364 – 390 .
- Zerner , C. 2000 . “ Toward a broader vision of justice and nature conservation ” . In People, plants, and justice: The politics of nature conservation , Edited by: Zerner , C. 3 – 20 . New York : Columbia University Press . In