Toward More Reflexive Use of Adaptive Management

References

• Allan , C. and A. Curtis . 2005 . Nipped in the bud: Why regional scale adaptive management is not blooming . Environ. Manage. 36 ( 3 ): 414 – 425 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Argyris , C. 1990 . Overcoming organizational defences: Facilitating organizational learning . Boston : Allyn and Bacon .
   Google Scholar
• Bosch , O. J. H. , W. J. Allen , J. M. Williams , and A. Ensor . 1996 . An integrated system for maximising community knowledge: Integrating community-based monitoring into the adaptive management process in the New Zealand high country . Rangeland J. 18 ( 1 ): 23 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Buck , L. E. , C. C. Geisler , J. Schellas , and E. Wollenberg . 2001 . Biological diversity: Balancing interests through adaptive collaborative management . Boca Raton , FL : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bobrow , D. B. and J. S. Dryzek . 1987 . Policy analysis by design . Pittsburgh , PA : University of Pittsburgh Press .
   Google Scholar
• Checkland , P. 1985 . From optimizing to learning: A development of systems thinking for the 1990s . J. Operation Res. Society 36 ( 9 ): 757 – 767 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Leon , P. 1992. The contextual burdens of policy design. Policy Stud. J. 17:297–309.
   Google Scholar
• Dovers , S. 2001 . Processes and institutions for resource and environmental management: Why and how to analyze . In Processes and institutions for resource and environmental management: Australian experiences. Final report to Land and Water Australia , eds. S. Wild Rivers and S. Dovers , 3 – 14 . Canberra , Australia : Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, Australian National University .
   Google Scholar
• Duncan , S. 2001 . Too early to tell, or too late to rescue? Adaptive management under scrutiny. Science Findings April(33):1–5. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station.
   Google Scholar
• du Toit , J. T. , H. Biggs , and K. H. Rogers . 2003 . The Kruger experience: Ecology and management of savana heterogeneity . New York : Island Press .
   Google Scholar
• Endter-Wada , J. , D. Blahna , R. Krannich , and M. Brunson . 1998 . A framework for understanding social science contributions to ecosystem management . Ecol. Applications 8 ( 3 ): 891 – 904 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunderson , L. and C. S. Holling . 2001 . Panarchy; Understanding transformations in systems of humans and nature . Washington , DC : Island Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gunderson , L. , C. S. Holling , and S. S. Light . 1995 . Barriers and bridges to the renewal of ecosystems and institutions . New York : Columbia University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Heemskerk , M. , K. Wilson , and M. Pavao-Zuckerman . 2003 . Conceptual models as tools for communication across disciplines . Conserv. Ecol. 7 : 3 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Holling , C. S. 1973 . Resilience and stability of ecological systems . Annu. Rev. Ecol. Systematics 4 : 1 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Hunter , C. M. , F. Johnson , W. L. Kendall , J. D. Nichols , H. Possingham , M. C. Runge , and B. K. Williams . 2003 . A framework for adaptive management. Workshop at the 3rd International Wildlife Management Congress, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1–5 December .
   Google Scholar
• Ison , R. L. , C. High , C. P. Blackmore , and M. Cerf . 2000 . Theoretical frameworks for learning-based approaches to change in industrialised-country agricultures . In Cow up a tree: Knowing and learning for change in agriculture case studies from industrialised countries , eds. M. Cerf , D. Gibbon , B. Hubert , R. L. Ison , J. Jiggins , M. Paine , J. Proost , and N. Roling , 31 – 54 . Paris : Institut national de la recherche agronomique .
   Google Scholar
• Keen , M. , V. A. Brown , and R. Dyball . 2005 . Social learning in environmental management: Building a sustainable future . London : Earthscan .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , K. H. 1993 . Greed, scale mismatch, and learning . Ecol. Applications 3 ( 4 ): 560 – 564 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , K. H. 1999 . Appraising adaptive management . Conserv. Ecol. 3 ( 2 ): 3 .
   Google Scholar
• Leverington , F. , M. Hockings , and K. Lemos Costa. 2008 . Management effectiveness evaluation in protected areas—A global study . Gatton , Australia : University of Queensland, IUCN WPCA, TNC, and WWF .
   Google Scholar
• Lindblom , C. E. 1979 . Still muddling, not yet through . Public Admin. Rev. 39 ( 6 ): 517 – 526 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynam , T. , F. Bousquet , C. Le Page , P. d'Aquino , O. Barreteau , F. Chinembiri , and B. Mombeshora . 2002 . Adaptive science to adaptive managers: Spidergrams, belief models, and multi-agent systems modelling . Conserv. Ecol. 5 ( 2 ): 24 .
   Google Scholar
• MacDonald , G. B. , R. Arnup , and R. K. Jones . 1997 . Adaptive forest management in Ontario: A literature review and strategic analysis . Forest Research Information Paper number 139 . Ontario , Canada : Ministry of Natural Resources .
   Google Scholar
• McCarthy , M. A. and H. P. Possingham . 2007 . Active adaptive management for conservation . Conserv. Biol. 21 : 956 – 963 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLain , R. J. and R. G. Lee . 1996 . Adaptive management: Promises and pitfalls . Environ. Manage. 20 ( 4 ): 437 – 448 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meffe , G. K. , L. A. Nielsen , R. L. Knight , and D. A. Schenborn . 2002 . Ecosystem management: Adaptive, community-based conservation . Washington , DC : Island Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mendis-Millard , S. and M. G. Reed . 2007 . Understanding community capacity using adaptive and reflexive research practices: Lessons from two Canadian biosphere reserves . Society Nat. Resources 20 : 543 – 559 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mingers , J. C. 2003. Towards an appropriate social theory for applied systems thinking: Critical theory and soft systems methodology. In Systems thinking volume IV: Critical systems thinking and systemic perspectives on ethics, power and pluralism , ed. G. Midgley , 1–13. London : Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Moon , J. A. 2004 . A handbook of reflective and experiential learning: Theory and practice . London : Routledge-Falmer .
   Google Scholar
• Pahl-Wostl , C. 2002 . Towards sustainability in the water sector—The importance of human actors and processes of social learning . Aquat. Sci. 64 : 394 – 411 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parkes , J. , A. Robley , D. Forsyth , and D. Choquenot . 2006 . Adaptive management experiments in vertebrate pest control in New Zealand and Australia . Wildl. Society Bull. 34 ( 1 ): 229 – 236 .
   Google Scholar
• Parma , A. M. , P. Amarasekare , M. Mangel , J. L. Moore , W. W. Murdoch , E. Noonburg , M. Pascual , H. P. Possingham , K. Shea , C. Wilcox , and D. Yu . 1998 . What can adaptive management do for our fish, forests, food, and biodiversity? Integrat. Biol. Issues News Rev. 1 : 16 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Prokopy , L. S. 2008 . Ethical concerns in researching collaborative natural resource management . Society Nat. Resources 21 : 258 – 265 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ringold , P. L. , J. Algeria , R. L. Czaplewski , B. S. Mulder , T. Tolle , and K. Burnett . 1996 . Adaptive monitoring design for ecosystem management . Ecol. Applications 6 ( 3 ): 745 – 747 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roe , E. and N. Van Eeten . 2001 . Threshold based resource management: A framework for comprehensive ecosystem management . Environ. Manage. 27 ( 2 ): 195 – 214 .
   Google Scholar
• Romesberg , C. H. 1991 . On improving the natural resources and environmental sciences . J. Wildl. Manage. 55 ( 4 ): 744 – 756 .
   Google Scholar
• Salafsky , N. and E. Wollenberg . 2000 . Linking livelihoods and conservation: A conceptual framework and scale for assessing the integration of human needs and biodiversity . World Dev. 28 ( 8 ): 1421 – 1438 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salafsky , N. , R. Margoluis , and K. Redford . 2001 . Adaptive management: A tool for conservation practitioners . Washington , DC : The Biodiversity Support Program .
   Google Scholar
• Schreiber , E. S. G. , A. R. Bearlin , S. J. Nicol , and C. R. Todd . 2004 . Adaptive management: A synthesis of current understanding and effective application . Ecol. Manage. Restoration 5 ( 3 ): 177 – 182 .
   Google Scholar
• Schusler , T. M. , D. J. Decker , and M. J. Pfeffer . 2003 . Social learning for collaborative natural resource management . Society Nat. Resources 15 : 309 – 326 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sit , V. and B. Taylor . 1998 . Statistical methods for adaptive management studies . Victoria , Canada : British Columbia Ministry of Forests Research Branch. Land Management Handbook 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , C. , L. Felderhof , and O. J. H. Bosch . 2007 . Adaptive management: Making it happen through participatory systems analysis . Syst. Res. Behav. Sci. 24 : 567 – 587 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stankey , G. H. and B. Shindler . 1997 . Adaptive management areas: Achieving the promise, avoiding the peril . Portland , OR : U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. PNW-GTR-394 .
   Google Scholar
• Steidl , R. J. , S. DeStefano , and W. J. Matter . 2000 . On increasing the quality, reliability, and rigor of wildlife science . Wildl. Society Bull. 28 ( 3 ): 518 – 521 .
   Google Scholar
• Urban , D. L. 2002 . Tactical monitoring of landscapes . In Integrating landscape ecology into natural resource management , eds, J. Liu and W. W. Taylor , 294 – 311 . Cambridge , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Walker , B. , S. Carpenter , J. Anderies , N. Abel , G. Cumming , M. Janssen , L. Lebel , J. Norberg , G. Peterson , and R. Pritchard . 2002 . Resilience management in socio-ecological systems: A working hypothesis for a participatory approach . Conserv. Ecol. 6 ( 1 ): 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Walkerden , G. and A. J. Gilmour . 1996 . Adaptive environmental assessment and management (AEAM) program for the Tuggerah Lakes system and associated catchment . Final Report. Melbourne , Australia : Macquarie Research Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• Walters , C. , J. Korman , L. E. Stevens , and B. Gold . 2000. Ecosystem modeling for evaluation of adaptive management policies in the Grand Canyon. Conserv. Ecol. 4(2):1.
   Google Scholar
• Walters , C. 1986 . Adaptive management of renewable resources . New York : McMillan .
   Google Scholar
• Walters , C. J. and R. Hilborn . 1978 . Ecological optimization and adaptive management . Annu. Rev. Ecol. Systematics 9 : 157 – 188 .
   Google Scholar
• Walters , C. J. and C. S. Holling . 1990 . Large-scale management experiments and learning by doing? Ecology 71 ( 6 ): 2060 – 2068 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wildhere , G. F. 2002 . Adaptive management in habitat conservation plans . Conserv. Biol. 16 ( 1 ): 20 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Wollenberg , E. , D. Edmunds , and L. Buck . 2000 . Using scenarios to make decisions about the future: anticipatory learning for the adaptive co-management of community forests . Landscape Urban Plan . 47 : 65 – 77 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar