Effects of Aloe Vera on Spinal Cord Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury of Rats

REFERENCES

• Oyinbo CA. Secondary injury mechanisms in traumatic spinal cord injury: A nugget of this multiply cascade. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 2011;71(2):281–299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith PD, Puskas F, Meng X, et al. The evolution of chemokine release supports a bimodal mechanism of spinal cord ischemia and reperfusion injury. Circulation.2012;126:110–117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsala M, Sorkin LS, Yaksh TL. Transient spinal ischemia in rat:Characterization of spinal cord blood flow, extracellular amino acid release, and concurrent histopathological damage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab.1994;14(4):604–614.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewen A, Matz P, Chan PH. Free radical pathways in CNS injury. J Neurotrauma.2000;17(10):871–890.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barone FC, Feuerstein GZ. Inflammatory mediators and stroke: New opportunities for novel therapeutics. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab.1999;19(8):819–834.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsushita K, Wu Y, Qiu J, et al. Fas receptor and neuronal cell death after spinal cord ischemia. J Neurosci.2000;20(18):6879–6887.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Haan P, Kalkman CJ, Jacobs MJ. Pharmacologic neuroprotection in experimental spinal cord ischemia: A systematic review. J NeurosurgAnesthesiol.2001;13(1):3–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Q, Huang C, Meng B, et al. Acute effect of ghrelin on ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rat spinal cord. Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13(8):9864–9876.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahmani AH, Aldebasi YH, Srikar S, et al. Aloe vera: Potential candidate in health management via modulation of biological activities. Pharmacogn Rev. 2015;9(18):120–126.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ndhlala AR, Amoo SO, Stafford GI, et al. Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and mutagenic investigation of the South African tree aloe (Aloe barberae). J Ethnopharmacol.2009;124(3):404–408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Athiban PP, Borthakur BJ, Ganesan S, et al. Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of Aloe vera and its effectiveness in decontaminating guttapercha cones. J Conserv Dent.2012;15(3):246–248.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang Y, Cao L, Du G. Protective effects of Aloe vera extract on mitochondria of neuronal cells and rat brain. ZhongguoZhong Yao ZaZhi.2010;35(3):364–368.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mirshafiey A, Aghily B, Namaki S, et al. Therapeutic approach by Aloe vera in experimental model of multiple sclerosis. ImmunopharmacolImmunotoxicol. 2010;32(3):410–415.
   Google Scholar
• Parihar MS, Chaudhary M, Shetty R, et al. Susceptibility of hippocampus and cerebral cortex to oxidative damage in streptozotocin treated mice: Prevention by extracts of Withaniasomnifera and Aloe vera. J ClinNeurosci.2004;11(4):397–402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikeno Y, Hubbard GB, Lee S, et al. The influence of long-term Aloe vera ingestion on age-related disease in male Fischer 344 rats. Phytother Res. 2002;16(8):712–718.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu ZQ, Deng YJ, Lu JX. Effect of aloe polysaccharide on caspase-3 expression following cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. Mol Med Rep. 2012;6(2):371–374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anilakumar KR, Sudarshanakrishna KR, Chandramohan G, et al. Effect of Aloe vera gel extract on antioxidant enzymes and azoxymethane-induced oxidative stress in rats. Indian J Exp Biol. 2010;48(8):837–842.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lafci G, Gedik HS, Korkmaz K, et al. Efficacy of iloprost and montelukast combination on spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2013;8:64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurer B, Kertmen H, Kasim E, et al. Neuroprotective effects of testosterone on ischemia/reperfusion injury. Injury.2015;46(2):240–248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes PJ, Karin M. Nuclear factor-kappa B: A pivotal transcription factor in chronic inflammatory diseases. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:1066–1071.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samantaray S, SribnickEA, Das A, et al. Melatonin attenuates calpainupregulation, axonal damage and neuronal death in spinal cord injury in rats. J Pineal Res. 2008;44(4):348–357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu K, Cho CL, Liang CL, et al. Inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway reduces microglial activation and interleukin-1-beta expression in spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. J ThoracCardiovasc Surg. 2007;133(4):934–941.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ueno T, Furukawa K, Katayama Y, et al. Spinal cord protection: Development of a paraplegia-preventive solution. Ann Thorac Surg. 1994;58 (1):116–120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fansa I, Altug ME, Melek I, et al. The neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of diltiazem in spinal cord ischaemia-reperfusion injury. J Int Med Res. 2009;37 (2):520–533.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasturk A, Atalay B, Calisaneller T, et al. Analysis of serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels after rat spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury and correlation with tissue damage. Turk Neurosurg.2009;19 (4):353–359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaudière J, Ferrari-Iliou R. Intracellular antioxidants: From chemical to biochemical mechanisms. Food ChemToxicol.1999;37(9-10):949–962.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutsaeva DR, Carraway MS, Suliman HB, et al. Transient hypoxia stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis in brain subcortex by a neuronal nitric oxide synthase-dependent mechanism. J Neurosci.2008;28(9):2015–2024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Holford TR, et al. Methylprednisolone or tirilazadmesylate administration after acute spinal cord injury: 1- year follow up. Results of the third national acute spinal cord injury randomized controlled trial. J Neurosurg.1998;89(5):699–706.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mauney MC, Blackbourne LH, Langenburg SE, et al. Prevention of spinal cord injury after repair of the thoracic or thoracoabdominal aorta. Ann Thorac Surg. 1995;59(1):245–252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandan BK, Saxena AK, Shukla S, et al. Hepatoprotective potential of Aloe barbadensis Mill. Against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity. J Ethnopharmacol.2007;111(3):560–566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamman JH.Composition and applications of Aloe vera leaf gel. Molecules.2008;13:1599–1616.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saritha V, Anilakumar KR, Khanum F. Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Aloe vera gel extracts. Int J PharmaceutBiol Arch. 2010;1:376–384.
   Google Scholar
• Duansak D, Somboonwong J, Patumraj S. Effect of Aloe vera on leukocyte adhesion and TNF-α and IL-6 levels in burn wounded rats. Med BiochemBiophys.2009;29:239–246.
   Google Scholar
• Park MY, Kwon HJ, Sung MK. Evaluation of aloin and aloe-emodin as anti-inflammatory agents in aloe by using murine macrophages. BiosciBiotechnolBiochem. 2009;73:828–832.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yagi A, Hegazy S, Kabbash A, et al. Possible hypoglycemic effect of Aloe vera L. High molecular weight fractions on type 2 diabetic patients. Saudi Pharm J.2009;17:209–215.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rajasekaran S, Aathishsekar D. Therapeutic evaluation of Aloe vera leaf gel extract on glycoprotein components in rats with streptozotocin diabetes. J PharmacolToxicol.2007;2(4):380–385.
   Google Scholar
• Kim K, Kim H, Kwon J, et al. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of processed Aloe vera gel in a mouse model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Phytomedicine.2009;16(9):856–863.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langmead L, Makins RJ, Rampton DS. Anti-inflammatory effects of aloe vera gel in human colorectal mucosa in vitro. Aliment PharmacolTher. 2004;19:521–527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anilakumar KR, Sudarshanakrishna KR, ChandramohanG, et al. Effect of Aloe vera gel extract on antioxidant enzymes and azoxymethane-induced oxidative stress in rats. Indian J Exp Biol. 2010;48(8):837–842.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Z, Ge X, Lu Y, et al. Effects of chitosan molecular weight and degree of deacetylation on the properties of gelatine-based films. Food Hydrocolloids.2012;26:311–317.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yagi A. Possible prophylactic efficacy of Aloe vera for γ-ray radiation-induced damages. J GastroenterolHepatol Res. 2013;2(9):757–764.
   Google Scholar
• Yagi A. Putative prophylaxes of Aloe Vera for age-related diseases. J GastroenterolHepatol Res. 2015;4(1):1407–1424.
   Google Scholar
• Pahl HL. Activators and target genes of Rel/NF-ƙB transcription factors. Oncogene.1999;18(49):6853–6866.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamoto Y, Gaynor RB. Therapeutic potential of inhibition of the NF-ƙB pathway in the treatment of inflammation and cancer.J Clin Invest. 2001;107(2):135–142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou L, Zhu D Y. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase: Structure, subcellular localization, regulation, and clinical implications. Nitric Oxide.2009;20(4):223–230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar