References
- AARP. (2011). AARP Foundation national fraud victim study. Report by Shadel, D., & Pak, K. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from http://www.aarp.org/money/scams-fraud/info-03-2011/fraud-victims-11.html
- Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. London, UK: Sage.
- Anderson, K. B. (2003). Off the hook: Reducing participation in telemarketing fraud. Washington, DC: AARP Foundation.
- Atkins, B., & Huang, W. (2013). A study of social engineering in online frauds. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 1(3), 23–32. doi:10.4236/jss.2013.13004
- Burnes, D., Henderson, C. R., Jr, Sheppard, C., Zhao, R., Pillemer, K., & Lachs, M. S. (2017). Prevalence of financial fraud and scams among older adults in the United States: A systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 107(8), 13–21. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303821
- Button, M., Lewis, C., & Tapley, J. (2014). Not a victimless crime: The impact of fraud on individual victims and their families. Security Journal, 27(1), 36–54. doi:10.1057/sj.2012.11
- Carcach, C., Graycar, A., & Muscat, G. (2001). The victimisation of older Australians. Canberra, Australia: Australian Institute of Criminology.
- Carter, N. L., & Weber, J. M. (2010). Not pollyannas: Higher generalized trust predicts lie detection ability. Social Psychological & Personality Science, 1(3), 274–279. doi:10.1177/1948550609360261
- Castle, E., Eisenberger, N. I., Seeman, T. E., Moons, W. G., Boggero, I. A., Grinblatt, M. S., & Taylor, S. E. (2012). Neural and behavioral bases of age differences in perceptions of trust. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(51), 20848–20852. doi:10.1073/pnas.1218518109
- Consumer Fraud Research. (2006). Investor fraud study final report. Washington, DC: NASD Investor Education Foundation.
- Deevy, M., Lucich, S., & Beals, M. (2012). Scams, schemes, and swindles: A review of consumer financial fraud research. Retrieved from fraudresearchcenter.org
- DeLiema, M. (2017). Elder fraud and financial exploitation: Application of routine activity theory. The Gerontologist. doi:10.1093/geront/gnw258
- DeLiema, M., Yon, Y., & Wilber, K. H. (2014). Tricks of the trade: Motivating sales agents to con older adults. The Gerontologist, 56(2), 335–344. doi:10.1093/geront/gnu039
- Du, W. P. (2018). The vulnerability to fraud among Chinese older adults ( Unpublished thesis). Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
- Ebner, N. C., Ellis, D. M., Lin, T., Rocha, H. A., Yang, H., Dommaraju, S., … Oliveira, D. S. (2018). Uncovering susceptibility risk to online deception in aging. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, (online). doi:10.1093/geronb/gby036
- Fan, X. H., Fang, X. Y., Liu, Y., Lin, X. Y., & Yuan, X. J. (2012). The effect of social support and social identity on the relationship between perceived discrimination and socio-cultural adjustment among Chinese migrant children. Acta Psychological Sinica, 44(5), 647–663. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2012.00647
- Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2001). Fraud against the elderly. Retrieved from www.fbi.gov/congress/congress01/lormel0910.htm
- Federal Trade Commission. (2007). Telemarketing fraud against older Americans. Retrieved August 28, 2008, from www.ftc.gov/reports/Fraud/fraudcon.shtm
- Fischer, P., Lea, S. E., & Evans, K. M. (2013). Why do individuals respond to fraudulent scam communications and lose money? The psychological determinants of scam compliance. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43(10), 2060–2072. doi:10.1111/jasp.12158
- Garg, V., & Camp, J. (2012, Jan). End user perception of online risk under uncertainty. System Science (HICSS), 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on (pp. 3278–3287). IEEE.
- Greenspan, S., Loughlin, G., & Black, R. S. (2001). Credulity and gullibility in people with developmental disorders: A framework for future research. International Review of Research in Mental Retardation, 24, 101–135.
- Gurtman, M. B. (1992). Trust, distrust, and interpersonal problems: A circumplex analysis. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 62(6), 989–1002. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.62.6.989
- Han, S. D., Boyle, P. A., James, B. D., Yu, L., & Bennett, D. A. (2016). Mild cognitive impairment and susceptibility to scams in old age. Journal of Alzheimers Disease, 49(3), 845–851. doi:10.3233/JAD-150442
- Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
- James, B. D., Boyle, P. A., & Bennett, D. A. (2014). Correlates of susceptibility to scams in older adults without dementia. Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect, 26(2), 107–122. doi:10.1080/08946566.2013.821809
- Judges, R. A., Gallant, S. N., Yang, L., & Kang, L. (2017). The role of cognition, personality, and trust in fraud victimization in older adults. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(3), 275–282. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00275
- Kircanski, K., Notthoff, N., DeLiema, M., Samanez-Larkin, G. R., Shadel, D., Mottola, G., … Gotlib, I. H. (2018). Emotional arousal may increase susceptibility to fraud in older and younger adults. Psychology and Aging, 33(2), 325–337. doi:10.1037/pag0000228
- Kirchheimer, S. (2011). Scams trap older adults. AARP Bulletin. Retrieved from http://www.aarp.org/money/scams-fraud/info-02-2011/scams-trap-older-adults.html
- Krekels, G. (2017). Greed. In V. Zeigler-Hill & T. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences(pp. 1820–1823). New York, NY: Springer.
- Krekels, G., & Pandelaere, M. (2015). Dispositional greed. Personality and Individual Differences, 74, 225–230. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.10.036
- Langenderfer, J., & Shimp, T. A. (2001). Consumer vulnerability to scams, swindles, and fraud: A new theory of visceral influences on persuasion. Psychology & Marketing, 18(7), 763–783. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1520-6793
- Li, T., & Fung, H. H. (2012). Age differences in trust: An investigation across 38 countries. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 68(3), 347–355. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbs072
- Loewenstein, G. (2000). Emotions in economic theory and economic behavior. American Economic Review, 90(2), 426–432. doi:10.1257/aer.90.2.426
- MetLife. (2011). The MetLife study of elder financial abuse crimes of occasion, desperation, and predation against America’s elders. Westport, CT: Author.
- Modic, D. (2012). Willing to be scammed: How self-control impacts Internet scam compliance ( Unpublished thesis). University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
- Modic, D., & Lea, S. E. G. (2013). Scam compliance and the psychology of persuasion [preprint]. Social Sciences Research Network. Retrieved from SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2364464
- Pak, K., & Shadel, D. (2011). AARP foundation national fraud victim study. Washington, DC. Retrieved from http://www.aarp.org/money/scamsfraud/info-03-2011/fraud-victims-11.html
- Pinsker, D. M., & McFarland, K. (2010b). Exploitation in older adults: Personal competence correlates of social vulnerability. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 17(6), 673–708. doi:10.1080/13825585.2010.501403
- Pinsker, D. M., McFarland, K., & Pachana, N. A. (2010a). Exploitation in older adults: Social vulnerability and personal competence factors. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 29(6), 740–761. doi:10.1177/0733464809346559
- Pinsker, D. M., McFarland, K., & Stone, V. E. (2011). The social vulnerability scale for older adults: An exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic study. Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect, 23(3), 246–272. doi:10.1080/08946566.2011.584049
- Poulin, M. J., & Haase, C. M. (2015). Growing to trust: Evidence that trust increases and sustains well-being across the life span. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 6(6), 614–621. doi:10.1177/1948550615574301
- Rotter, J. B. (1980). Interpersonal trust, trustworthiness, and gullibility. American Psychologist, 35(1), 1–7. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.35.1.1
- Ruffman, T., Murray, J., Halberstadt, J., & Vater, T. (2012). Age-related differences in deception. Psychology and Aging, 27(3), 543–549. doi:10.1037/a0023380
- Rusch, J. J. (1999, June). The “social engineering” of internet fraud. Internet Society Annual Conference. Retrieved from http://www.isoc.org/isoc/conferences/inet/99/proceedings/3g/3g_2.htm
- Seuntjens, T. G., Zeelenberg, M., Breugelmans, S. M., & Ven, N. (2015). Defining greed. British Journal of Psychology, 106(3), 505–525. doi:10.1111/bjop.12100
- Seuntjens, T. G., Zeelenberg, M., van de Ven, N., & Breugelmans, S. M. (2019). Greedy bastards: Testing the relationship between wanting more and unethical behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 138, 147–156. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.09.027
- Seuntjens, T. G., Zeelenberg, M., Van de Ven, N., & Breugelmans, S. M. (2015). Dispositional greed. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108(6), 917–933. doi:10.1037/pspp0000031
- Spreng, R. N., Karlawish, J., & Marson, D. C. (2016). Cognitive, social, and neural determinants of diminished decision-making and financial exploitation risk in aging and dementia: A review and new model. Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect, 28(4–5), 320–344. doi:10.1080/08946566.2016.1237918
- Tehan Stanley, J., & Blanchard-Fields, F. (2008). Challenges older adults face in detecting deceit: The role of emotion recognition. Psychology and Aging, 23(1), 24–32. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.23.1.24
- Titus, R. M., & Gover, A. R. (2001). Personal fraud: The victims and the scams. In G. Farrell & K. Pease (Eds.), Repeat victimization: Crime prevention studies (Vol. 12, pp. 133–151). Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.
- Van Wyk, J., & Mason, K. A. (2001). Investigating vulnerability and reporting behavior for consumer fraud victimization: Opportunity as a social aspect of age. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 17(4), 328–345. doi:10.1177/1043986201017004003
- Wang, L., & Murnighan, J. K. (2011). On greed. The Academy of Management Annals, 5(1), 279–316. doi:10.5465/19416520.2011.588822
- Whitty, M. T. (2015). Mass-marketing fraud: A growing concern. IEEE Security & Privacy, 13(4), 84–87. doi:10.1109/MSP.2015.85
- Whitty, M. T. (2018). Do you love me? Psychological characteristics of romance scam victims. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 21(2), 105–109. doi:10.1089/cyber.2016.0729
- Yamagishi, T., & Yamagishi, M. (1994). Trust and commitment in the United States and Japan. Motivation and Emotion, 18(2), 129–166. doi:10.1007/BF02249397