“Renewed” “Older” Motherhood/Mothering: A Qualitative Exploration

REFERENCES

• Allen, K., & Osgood, J. (2009). Young women negotiating maternal subjectivities: The significance of social class. Studies in the Maternal, 1(2). Retrieved from http://www.mamsie.bbk.ac.uk/documents/allen-osgood.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. (2002). Dealing with negativity from other people. Mothers Over 40. Retrieved from http://www.mothersover40.com/snappycomebacks.html
   Google Scholar
• Aref-Adib, M., Freeman-Wang, T., & Ataullah, I. (2008). The older obstetric patient. Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine,18, 43–48. doi:10.1016/j.ogrm.2007.12.001
   Google Scholar
• Arnup, K. (1994). Education for motherhood: Advice for mothers in twentieth-century Canada. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Attar, D. (1987). The controversial feminist. In G. Chester & S. Neilson (Eds.), In other words: Writing as a feminist (pp. 30–35). London, England: Hutchinson.
   Google Scholar
• Bailey, N., Brown, G., Letherby, G., & Wilson, C. (2002). The Baby Brigade: Teenage mothers and sexuality. Journal of the Association of Research on Mothering,4(1), 101–110.
   Google Scholar
• Balan, N. B. (2005). Multiple voices and methods: Listening to women who are in workplace transition. International Journal of Qualitative Methods,4, 1–21.
   Google Scholar
• BBC. (2005). Have your say: Do older mothers defy nature? Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/talking_point/4251752.stm
   Google Scholar
• Beaulieu, A., Lippmann, A., & Haworth Continuing Features Submission. (1995). “Everything you need to know”: How women’s magazines structure prenatal diagnosis for women over 35. Women & Health,23, 59–74. doi:10.1300/J013v23n03_04
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berman, P., O’Nan, B., & Floyd, W. (1981). The double standard of aging and the social situation: Judgments of attractiveness of the middle-aged woman. Sex Roles,7, 87–96. doi:10.1007/BF00287795
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berryman, J., Thorpe, K., & Windridge, K. (1995). Older mothers: Conception, pregnancy & birth after 35. Glasgow, Scotland: HarperCollins.
   Google Scholar
• Berryman, J., & Windridge, K. (1991). A preliminary investigation of women’s experience of pregnancy. Journal of Reproductive & Infant Psychology,9, 3–18. doi:10.1080/02646839108403652
   Google Scholar
• Bewley, S. (2005). Which career first? British Medical Journal,331(7517), 588–589. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7517.588
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bornstein, M. H., Putnick, D. L., Suwalsky, J. T. D., & Gini, M. (2006). Maternal chronological age, prenatal and perinatal history, social support, and parenting of infants. Child Development,77, 875–892. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00908.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bromberg, E. (1987). Mothers and daughters in later life. Journal of Gerontological Social Work,11, 7–24. doi:10.1300/J083V11N01_02
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrne, A., Canavan, J., & Millar, M. (2009). Participatory research and the voice centred relational method of data analysis: Is it worth it? International Journal of Social Research Methodology,12, 67–77. doi:10.1080/13645570701606044
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, D. (2010, May 30). Older mothers: There are more of them than ever—But who are they? The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2010/may/30/parents-and-parenting-social-trends
   Google Scholar
• Carolan, M. (2003). Late motherhood: The experience of parturition for first time mothers aged over 35 years. Australian Midwifery Journal,16, 17–20. doi:10.1016/S1031-170X(03)80004-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carolan, M. (2005). “Doing it properly”: The experience of first mothering over 35 years. Health Care for Women International,26, 764–787. doi:10.1080/07399330500230987
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carolan, M. (2007). Health literacy and the information needs and dilemmas of first-time mothers over 35 years. Journal of Clinical Nursing,16, 1162–1172. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.01600.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, P., Henshaw, C., Baker, S., & Tree, J. (2005). Supermum, superwife, supereverything: Performing femininity in the transition to motherhood. Journal of Reproductive & Infant Psychology,23, 167–180. doi:10.1080/02646830500129487
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook, E. (2010,October 9). Pregnant again at 44 with my midlife baby. The Times, London.
   Google Scholar
• Cook, E. (2012,November 18). The wrong side of 45—And I’ve got a toddler. The Guardian, London.
   Google Scholar
• Coppock, V., Haydon, D., & Richter, I. (1995). The illusions of “post feminism”: New women, old myths. London, England: Taylor and Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Daily Mail. (2006, August 13) Older mothers “are a drain on NHS.” Retrieved from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-400415/Older-mothers-drain-NHS.html.
   Google Scholar
• Di Lapi, E. M. (1989). Lesbian mothers and the motherhood hierarchy. Journal of Homosexuality,18, 101–121. doi:10.1300/J082v18n01_05
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobrzykowski, T. M., & Noerager Stern, P. (2003). Out of sync: A generation of first-time mothers over 30. Healthcare for Women International,24, 242–253. doi:10.1080/07399330390183552
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dunphy Suplee, P., Dawley, K., & Rosen Bloch, J. (2007). Tailoring peripartum nursing care for women of advanced maternal age. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing,36, 616–623. doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.2007.00197.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fairhurst, E. (1998). “Growing old gracefully” as opposed to “mutton dressed as lamb”: The social construction of recognising older women. In S. Nettleton & J. Watson (Eds.), The body in everyday life (pp. 257–276). London, England: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Fairtlough, A. C. (2007). Adapting the voice-centred relational method of data analysis: Reading trainees’ accounts of their learning on a pilot programme for practitioners working with parents. Learning in Health and Social Care,6, 2–13. doi:10.1111/j.1473-6861.2007.00143.x
   Google Scholar
• Fodor, I., & Franks, V. (1990). Women in midlife and beyond: The new prime of life? Psychology of Women Quarterly,14, 445–449. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1990.tb00222.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox, R., Heffernan, K., & Nicolson, P. (2009a). “I don’t think it was such an issue back then”: Changing experiences of pregnancy across two generations of women in south-east England. Gender, Place & Culture,16, 553–568. doi:10.1080/09663690903148424
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox, R., Nicolson, P., & Hefferman, K. (2009b). Pregnancy police? Maternal bodies, surveillance and food. In P. Jackson (Ed.), Changing families, changing food (pp. 57–74). London, England: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Friese, C., Becker, G., & Nachtigall, R. D. (2008). Older motherhood and the changing life course in the era of assisted reproductive technologies. Journal of Aging Studies,22, 65–73. doi:10.1016/j.jaging.2007.05.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frost, J. (2008). Combining approaches to qualitative data analysis: Synthesising the mechanical (CAQDAS) with the thematic (a voice-centred relational approach). Methodological Innovations Online, 3, 25–37. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.plym.ac.uk/mi/pdf/Volume%203%20Issue%201/3.%20Frost%20-%2025-37.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Frost, N. (2007). The transition to second-time motherhood: An exploration of maternal narratives using a flexible narrative analysis approach. Retrieved from http://www.uel.ac.uk/cnr/forthcom.htm
   Google Scholar
• Furstenberg, F. F. (1991). As the pendulum swings: Teenage childbearing and social concern. Family Relations,40, 127–138. doi:10.2307/585470
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gergen, M. (1990). Finished at 40: Women’s development within the patriarchy. Psychology of Women Quarterly,14, 471–493. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1990.tb00225.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilligan, C., Spencer, R., Weinberg, M. K., & Bertsch, T. (2006). On the listening guide. In N. H. Biber & P. Leavy (Eds.), Emergent methods in social research (pp. 253–272). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Graham, H. (1984). Surveying through stories. In C. B. H. Roberts (Ed.), Social researching: Politics, problems & practice (pp. 104–124). London, England: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
   Google Scholar
• Gubrium, J. F., & Holstein, J. A. (2003). Postmodern interviewing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Hadfield, L., Rudoe, N., & Sanderson-Mann, J. (2007). Motherhood, choice and the British media: A time to reflect. Gender and Education,19, 255–263. doi:10.1080/09540250601166100
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hays, S. (1996). The cultural contradictions of motherhood. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Henderson, M. (2006,October 25). Older mothers “put their daughters at risk of infertility.” The Times, London.
   Google Scholar
• Henwood, K. (1993). Women and later life: The discursive construction of identities within family relationships. Journal of Aging Studies,7, 303–319. doi:10.1016/0890-4065(93)90017-E
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollway, W., & Jefferson, T. (2000). Doing qualitative research differently: Free association, narrative and the interview method. London, England: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Hope, J. (2009,June 16). Have a baby before 35: Meet the deadline or risk missing out on motherhood, say doctors. The Daily Mail, London.
   Google Scholar
• Jefferies, J. (2000). Childbearing following marital dissolution in Britain. European Journal of Population/Revue Européenne De Démographie,16, 193–210. doi:10.1023/A:1026529300659
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordan, B. (1997). Authoritative knowledge and its construction’. In R. E. D. Floyd & C. Sargent (Eds.), Childbirth and authoritative knowledge: Cross-cultural perspectives (pp. 55–79). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kelhä, M. (2009). Too old to become a mother? Risk constructions in 35+ women’s experiences of pregnancy, child-birth, and postnatal care. NORA Nordic Journal of Feminist & Gender Research,17, 89–103. doi:10.1080/08038740902885722
   Google Scholar
• Khanapure, A., & Bewley, S. (2007). Ageing motherhood: Private grief and public health concern. South African Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 13(1). Retrieved from http://www.sajog.org.za/index.php/SAJOG/article/view/72/48
   Google Scholar
• Kukla, R. (2005). Mass hysteria: Medicine, culture, and mothers’ bodies. Explorations in bioethics and the medical humanities. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Kukla, R. (2006). Pregnant bodies as public spaces. In C. Wiedmer & S. Hardy (Eds.), Motherhood and space: Configurations of the maternal through politics, home and the body (pp. 283–305). Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Kvale, S. (1996). Interviews: An introduction to qualitative research interviewing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Lampinen, R., Vehviläinen-Julkunen, K., & Kankkunen, P. (2009). A review of pregnancy in women over 35 years of age. The Open Nursing Journal,3, 33–38. doi:10.2174/1874434600903010033
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laslett, B. (1999). Personal narratives as sociology. Contemporary Sociology,28, 391–401. doi:10.2307/2655287
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Letherby, G. (1994). Mother or not, mother or what? Problems of definition and identity. Women’s Studies International Forum,17(5), 525–532. doi:10.1016/0277-5395(94)00038-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Letherby, G. (2002). Challenging dominant discourses: Identity and change and the experience of “infertility” and “involuntary childlessness.” Journal of Gender Studies,11(3), 277–288. doi:10.1080/0958923022000021241
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Letherby, G. (2003). Feminist research in theory and practice. Feminist controversies. Buckingham, England: Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Letherby, G. (2009). Educated for motherhood: Natural instincts versus expert advice. Paper presented at the ESRC seminar—Changing parenting culture, January 2009, Centre for Parenting Culture Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury.
   Google Scholar
• Letherby, G., Brown, G., DiMarco, H., & Wilson, C. (2002). Pregnancy and post-natal experience of young women who become pregnant under the age of 20 years. Centre for Social Justice, Coventry University.
   Google Scholar
• Letvak, S. (2003). The experience of being an older staff nurse. Western Journal of Nursing Research,25, 45–56. doi:10.1177/0193945902238835
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lister, S. (2005,September 16). Older mothers “epidemic” a danger to health, doctors warn women. The Times, London.
   Google Scholar
• Livingstone, G., & Cohn, D. (2010). The new demography of American motherhood. Pew Research: Social and Demographic Trends. Retrieved from http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2010/05/06/the-new-demography-of-american-motherhood/
   Google Scholar
• Longhurst, R. (1999). Pregnant bodies, public scrutiny: Giving “advice” to pregnant women. In E. K. Teather (Ed.), Embodied geographies: Spaces, bodies and rites of passage (pp. 78–90). London, England: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Longhurst, R. (2000). “Corporeographies” of pregnancy: “Bikini babes.” Environment and Planning D: Society & Space,18, 453–472. doi:10.1068/d234
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Longhurst, R. (2008). Maternities: Gender, bodies and space. Routledge International Studies of Women and Place 7. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Macvarish, J. (2010). Understanding the significance of the teenage mother in contemporary parenting culture. Sociological Research Online,15, 3. doi:10.5153/sro.2238
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall, H. (1991). Childcare and parenting manuals. In A. Phoenix, A. Woollett, & E. Lloyd (Eds.), Motherhood: Meanings, practices and ideologies (pp. 66–85). London, England: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Martin, E. A. (1994). Oxford concise medical dictionary. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mattingly, C., & Garro, L. C. (1994). Introduction. Social Science & Medicine,38, 771–774. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(94)90149-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mauthner, N. (1998). “It’s a woman’s cry for help”: A relational perspective on postnatal depression. Feminism & Psychology,8, 325–355. doi:10.1177/0959353598083006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mauthner, N., & Doucet, A. (2000). Reflections on a voice-centred relational method: Analysing maternal and domestic voices. In J. Ribbens & R. Edwards (Eds.), Feminist dilemmas in qualitative research: Public knowledge & private lives (pp. 119–146). London, England: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Mauthner, N., & Doucet, A. (2003). Reflexive accounts and accounts of reflexivity in qualitative data analysis. Sociology,37, 413–431. doi:10.1177/00380385030373002
   Google Scholar
• McClennan Reece, S. (1995). Stress and maternal adaptation in first-time mothers more than 35 years old. Applied Nursing Research,8, 61–66. doi:10.1016/S0897-1897(95)80490-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyers, D. T. (2001). The rush to motherhood: Pronatalist discourse and women’s autonomy. Signs,26, 735–773. doi:10.1086/495627
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, T. (2000). Losing the plot: Narrative construction and longitudinal childbirth research. Qualitative Health Research,10, 309–323. doi:10.1177/104973200129118462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, T. (2005). Making sense of motherhood: A narrative approach. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mirowsky, J., & Ross, C. E. (2002). Depression, parenthood, and age at first birth. Social Science & Medicine,54, 1281–1298. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00096-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishler, E. G. (1986). Research interviewing: Context & narrative. London, England: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, J. C. (1983). Case and situational analysis. The Sociological Review,31, 187–211. doi:10.1111/j.1467-954X.1983.tb00387.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy, E. (2000). Risk, responsibility and rhetoric in infant feeding. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography,29, 291–325. doi:10.1177/089124100129023927
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oaks, L. (2000). Smoke-filled wombs and fragile fetuses: The social politics of fetal representation. Signs,26, 63–108. doi:10.1086/495568
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Office for National Statistics. (2008a). Birth statistics: Review of the national statistician on births and patterns of family building in England and Wales. Series FM1 (No. 37). Retrieved from http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/vsob1/birth-statistics--england-and-wales--series-fm1-/no--37–2008/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Office for National Statistics. (2008b). Who is having babies?. Statistical Bulletin, Office for National Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/births1209.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Office for National Statistics. (2010). Live births: Fertility rates fall. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=369
   Google Scholar
• Osofsky, H., & Seidenberg, R. (1970). Is female menopausal depression inevitable? Obstetrics & Gynecology,36, 611.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paliadelis, P., & Cruickshank, M. (2008). Using a voice-centered relational method of data analysis in a feminist study exploring the working world of nursing unit managers. Qualitative Health Research,18, 1444–1453. doi:10.1177/1049732308322606
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phoenix, A. (1991). Mothers under twenty: Outsider and insider views. In A. Phoenix, A. Woolett, & E. Lloyd (Eds.), Motherhood: Meanings, practices and ideologies (pp. 86–102). London, England: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Pownall, A. (2011, October 4). You are selfish, senior doctor tells old mums. The West Australian, Perth. Retrieved from http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/a/-/breaking/10391604/you-are-selfish-senior-doctor-tells-old-mums/
   Google Scholar
• Richens, Y. (2006). Are older mothers the new teenagers? British Journal of Midwifery,14, 512. doi:10.12968/bjom.2006.14.9.21789
   Google Scholar
• Root, R., & Browner, C. H. (2001). Practices of the pregnant self: Compliance with and resistance to prenatal norms. Culture, Medicine & Psychiatry,25, 195–223. doi:10.1023/A:1010665726205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG). (2009). RCOG statement on later maternal age. Retrieved from http://www.rcog.org.uk/what-we-do/campaigning-and-opinions/statement
   Google Scholar
• Ryan, K., Bissell, P., & Alexander, J. (2010). Moral work in women’s narratives of breast feeding. Social Science & Medicine,70, 951–958. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.11.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saucier, M. (2004). Midlife and beyond: Issues for aging women. Journal of Counseling & Development,82, 420–425. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2004.tb00329.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sevon, E. (2005). Timing motherhood: Experiencing and narrating the choice to become a mother. Feminism & Psychology,15, 461–482. doi:10.1177/0959-353505057619
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw, R. L., & Giles, D. C. (2009). Motherhood on ice? A media framing analysis of older mothers in the UK news. Psychology & Health,24, 221–236. doi:10.1080/08870440701601625
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shelton, N., & Johnson, S. (2006). I think motherhood for me was a bit like a double-edged sword: The narratives of older mothers. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology,16, 316–330. doi:10.1002/casp.867
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simons, L., Lathlean, J., & Squire, C. (2008). Shifting the focus: Sequential methods of analysis with qualitative data. Qualitative Health Research,18, 120–132. doi:10.1177/1049732307310264
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soloway, N. M., & Smith, R. M. (1987). Antecedents of late birthtiming decisions of men and women in dual-career marriages. Family Relations,36, 258–262. doi:10.2307/583537
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutcliffe, A., Barnes, J., Belsky, J., Gardiner, J., & Melhuish, J. E. (2012). The health and development of children born to older mothers in the United Kingdom: Observational study using longitudinal cohort data. British Medical Journal,345, e5116. doi:10.1136/bmj.e5116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swann, C., Bowe, K., McCormick, G., & Kosmin, M. (2003). Teenage pregnancy and parenthood: A review of reviews. Retrieved from www.hda-online.org.uk, http://www.nice.org.uk/niceMedia/documents/teenpreg_evidence_briefing_summary.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Templeton, S. K. (2006,August 13). Late motherhood as “big a problem” as teenage mums. The Times, London.
   Google Scholar
• Thomson, E. (2004). Step-families and childbearing desires in Europe. Demographic Research, Special Collection 3(Article 5), 117–134. Retrieved from http://www.demographic-research.org/special/3/5/
   Google Scholar
• Thomson, R., Kehily, M. J., Hadfield, L., & Sharpe, S. (2008) The making of modern motherhood. Retrieved from http://www3.open.ac.uk/events/0/200873_43860_o1.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Vikat, A., Thomson, E. J. M., & Hoem, J. M. (1999). Stepfamily fertility in contemporary Sweden: The impact of childbearing before the current union. Population Studies,53, 211–225. doi:10.1080/00324720308082
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walkerdine, V., Lucey, H., & Melody, J. (2001). Growing up girl: psychosocial explorations of gender and class. (Qualitative studies in psychology). Basingstoke, England: Hampshire.
   Google Scholar
• Weir, L. (2006). Pregnancy, risk and biopolitics: On the threshold of the living subject. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Windridge, K. C., & Berryman, J. C. (1999). Women’s experiences of giving birth after 35. Birth (Berkeley, Calif.),26, 16–23. doi:10.1046/j.1523-536x.1999.00016.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodward, K. (1997). Motherhood: identities, meanings. In K. Woodward (Ed.), Identity and difference (pp. 239–298). London, England: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Woodward, K. (2003). Representations of motherhood. In S. Earle and G. Letherby (Eds.), Gender, identity and reproduction: social perspectives. Houndsmills: Palgrave MacMillan.
   Google Scholar