Melting and subsolidus phase relations in the system K₂CO₃–MgCO₃ at 3 GPa

References

• Shatskiy A, Litasov KD, Sharygin IS, et al. Composition of primary kimberlite melt in a garnet lherzolite mantle source: constraints from melting phase relations in anhydrous Udachnaya-East kimberlite with variable CO2 content at 6.5 GPa. Gondwana Res. 2017;45:208–227. doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2017.02.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamenetsky MB, Sobolev AV, Kamenetsky VS, et al. Kimberlite melts rich in alkali chlorides and carbonates: A potent metasomatic agent in the mantle. Geology. 2004;32:845–848. doi: 10.1130/G20821.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golovin A, Sharygin I, Kamenetsky V, et al. Alkali-carbonate melts from the base of cratonic lithospheric mantle: links to kimberlites. Chem. Geol. 2018;483:261–274. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.02.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shu Q, Brey GP. Ancient mantle metasomatism recorded in subcalcic garnet xenocrysts: temporal links between mantle metasomatism, diamond growth and crustal tectonomagmatism. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2015;418:27–39. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.02.038
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green DH, Wallace ME. Mantle metasomatism by ephemeral carbonatite melts. Nature. 1988;336:459–462. doi: 10.1038/336459a0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shatskii AF, Borzdov YM, Sokol AG, et al. Phase formation and diamond crystallization in carbon-bearing ultrapotassic carbonate-silicate systems. Russ Geol Geophys. 2002;43:940–950.
   Google Scholar
• Pal'yanov YN, Sokol AG, Borzdov YM, et al. Diamond formation from mantle carbonate fluids. Nature. 1999;400:417–418. doi: 10.1038/22678
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schrauder M, Navon O. Hydrous and carbonatitic mantle fluids in fibrous diamonds from Jwaneng, Botswana. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 1994;58:761–771. doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90504-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brey GP, Bulatov VK, Girnis AV. Melting of K-rich carbonated peridotite at 6–10 GPa and the stability of K-phases in the upper mantle. Chem. Geol. 2011;281:333–342. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.12.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grassi D, Schmidt MW. The melting of carbonated pelites from 70 to 700 km depth. J Petrol. 2011;52:765–789. doi: 10.1093/petrology/egr002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dasgupta R, Hirschmann MM, Withers AC. Deep global cycling of carbon constrained by the solidus of anhydrous, carbonated eclogite under upper mantle conditions. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2004;227:73–85. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.08.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litasov KD, Shatskiy A, Ohtani E, et al. The solidus of alkaline carbonatite in the deep mantle. Geology. 2013;41:79–82. doi: 10.1130/G33488.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litasov KD, Shatskiy A. Carbon-bearing magmas in the earth’s deep interior. In: Kono Y, Sanloup C, editors. Magmas under pressure advances in high-pressure experiments on structure and properties of melts. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2018. p. 43–82.
   Google Scholar
• Zedgenizov DA, Ragozin AL, Shatsky VS, et al. Mg and Fe-rich carbonate-silicate high-density fluids in cuboid diamonds from the internationalnaya kimberlite pipe (yakutia). Lithos. 2009;112:638–647. doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2009.05.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein-BenDavid O, Logvinova AM, Schrauder M, et al. High-Mg carbonatitic microinclusions in some yakutian diamonds – a new type of diamond-forming fluid. Lithos. 2009;112:648–659. doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2009.03.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jablon BM, Navon O. Most diamonds were created equal. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2016;443:41–47. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.03.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss Y, Kessel R, Griffin WL, et al. A new model for the evolution of diamond-forming fluids: evidence from microinclusion-bearing diamonds from Kankan, Guinea. Lithos. 2009;112:660–674. doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2009.05.038
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zedgenizov DA, Rege S, Griffin WL, et al. Composition of trapped fluids in cuboid fibrous diamonds from the Udachnaya kimberlite: LAM-ICPMS analysis. Chem. Geol. 2007;240:151–162. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.02.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navon O, Hutcheon I, Rossman G, et al. Mantle-derived fluids in diamond micro-inclusions. Nature. 1988;335:784. doi: 10.1038/335784a0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litasov KD. Physicochemical conditions for melting in the earth’s mantle containing a C–O–H fluid (from experimental data). Russ Geol Geophys. 2011;52:475–492. doi: 10.1016/j.rgg.2011.04.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sweeney RJ. Carbonatite melt compositions in the earth's mantle. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1994;128:259–270. doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(94)90149-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yaxley GM, Crawford AJ, Green DH. Evidence for carbonatite metasomatism in spinel peridotite xenoliths from western Victoria, Australia. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1991;107:305–317. doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(91)90078-V
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yaxley GM, Green DH, Kamenetsky V. Carbonatite metasomatism in the southeastern Australian lithosphere. J Petrol. 1998;39:1917–1930. doi: 10.1093/petroj/39.11-12.1917
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dautria J, Dupuy C, Takherist D, et al. Carbonate metasomatism in the lithospheric mantle: peridotitic xenoliths from a melilititic district of the Sahara basin. Contrib Mineral Petrol. 1992;111:37–52. doi: 10.1007/BF00296576
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thibault Y, Edgar AD, Lloyd FE. Experimental investigation of melts from a carbonated phlogopite lherzolite: implications for metasomatism in the continental lithosphere. Am Mineral. 1992;77:784–794.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudnick RL, McDonough WF, Chappell BW. Carbonatite metasomatism in the northern Tanzanian mantle: petrographic and geochemical characteristics. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1993;114:463–475. doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(93)90076-L
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinto LGR, de Pádua MB, Ussami N, et al. Magnetotelluric deep soundings, gravity and geoid in the south São Francisco craton: geophysical indicators of cratonic lithosphere rejuvenation and crustal underplating. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2010;297:423–434. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.06.044
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshino T, Gruber B, Reinier C. Effects of pressure and water on electrical conductivity of carbonate melt with implications for conductivity anomaly in continental mantle lithosphere. Phys Earth Planet Inter. 2018;281:8–16. doi: 10.1016/j.pepi.2018.05.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones AG, Lezaeta P, Ferguson IJ, et al. The electrical structure of the Slave craton. Lithos. 2003;71:505–527. doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2003.08.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giuliani A, Kamenetsky VS, Phillips D, et al. Nature of alkali-carbonate fluids in the sub-continental lithospheric mantle. Geology. 2012;40:967–970. doi: 10.1130/G33221.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shatskiy A, Litasov KD, Ohtani E, et al. Phase relations in the K2CO3–FeCO3 and MgCO3–FeCO3 systems at 6 GPa and 900–1700°C. Eur J Mineral. 2015;27:487–499. doi: 10.1127/ejm/2015/0027-2452
   Google Scholar
• Shatskiy A, Sharygin IS, Gavryushkin PN, et al. The system K2CO3–MgCO3 at 6 GPa and 900–1450°C. Am Mineral. 2013;98:1593–1603. doi: 10.2138/am.2013.4407
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shatskiy A, Podborodnikov IV, Arefiev AV, et al. Effect of alkalis on the reaction of clinopyroxene with Mg-carbonate at 6 GPa: implications for partial melting of carbonated lherzolite. Am Mineral. 2017;102:1934–1946. doi: 10.2138/am-2017-6048
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eitel W, Skaliks W. Über einige doppelcarbonate der alkalien und erdalkalien. Z Anorg Allg Chem. 1929;183:263–286. doi: 10.1002/zaac.19291830119
   Google Scholar
• Gudfinnsson GH, Presnall DC. Continuous gradations among primary carbonatitic, kimberlitic, melilititic, basaltic, picritic, and komatiitic melts in equilibrium with garnet lherzolite at 3–8 GPa. J Petrol. 2005;46:1645–1659. doi: 10.1093/petrology/egi029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ragone SE, Datta RK, Roy DM, et al. The system potassium carbonate-magnesium carbonate. J Phys Chem. 1966;70:3360–3361. doi: 10.1021/j100882a515
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shatskiy A, Litasov KD, Terasaki H, et al. Performance of semi-sintered ceramics as pressure-transmitting media up to 30 GPa. High Press Res. 2010;30:443–450. doi: 10.1080/08957959.2010.515079
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shatskiy A, Katsura T, Litasov KD, et al. High pressure generation using scaled-up Kawai-cell. Phys Earth Planet Inter. 2011;189:92–108. doi: 10.1016/j.pepi.2011.08.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki A, Ohtani E, Funakoshi K, et al. Viscosity of albite melt at high pressure and high temperature. Phys Chem Miner. 2002;29:159–165. doi: 10.1007/s00269-001-0216-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shatskiy A, Podborodnikov IV, Arefiev AV, et al. Revision of the CaCO3–MgCO3 phase diagram at 3 and 6GPa. Am Mineral. 2018;103:441–452. doi: 10.2138/am-2018-6277
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernlund J, Leinenweber K, Locke D, et al. A numerical model for steady-state temperature distributions in solid-medium high-pressure cell assemblies. Am Mineral. 2006;91:295–305. doi: 10.2138/am.2006.1938
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brey GP, Kohler T. Geothermobarometry in four-phase lherzolites II. New thermobarometers, and practical assessment of existing thermobarometers. J Petrol. 1990;31:1353–1378. doi: 10.1093/petrology/31.6.1353
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavrent’ev YG, Karmanov N, Usova L. Electron probe microanalysis of minerals: microanalyzer or scanning electron microscope? Russ Geol Geophys. 2015;56:1154–1161. doi: 10.1016/j.rgg.2015.07.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesse K-F, Simons B. Crystalstructure of synthetic K2Mg(CO3)2. Z Kristallogr. 1982;161:289–292. doi: 10.1524/zkri.1982.161.3-4.289
   Google Scholar
• Golubkova A, Merlini M, Schmidt MW. Crystal structure, high-pressure, and high-temperature behavior of carbonates in the K2Mg(CO3)2–Na2Mg(CO3)2 join. Am Mineral. 2015;100:2458–2467. doi: 10.2138/am-2015-5219
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arefiev AV, Shatskiy A, Podborodnikov IV, et al. The system K2CO3–CaCO3 at 3 GPa: link between phase relations and variety of K–Ca double carbonates at ≤0.1 and 6 GPa. Phys Chem Miner. 2019, doi:10.1007/s00269-018-1000-z.
   Google Scholar
• Podborodnikov IV, Shatskiy A, Arefiev AV, et al. The system Na2CO3–MgCO3 at 3 GPa. High Press Res. 2018;38:281–292. doi: 10.1080/08957959.2018.1488972
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shatskiy A, Gavryushkin PN, Sharygin IS, et al. Melting and subsolidus phase relations in the system Na2CO3–MgCO3+-H2O at 6 GPa and the stability of Na2Mg(CO3)2 in the upper mantle. Am Mineral. 2013;98:2172–2182. doi: 10.2138/am.2013.4418
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shatskiy A, Rashchenko SV, Ohtani E, et al. The system Na2CO3–FeCO3 at 6 GPa and its relation to the system Na2CO3–FeCO3–MgCO3. Am Mineral. 2015;100:130–137. doi: 10.2138/am-2015-4777
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White WB. The carbonate minerals. In: Farmer VC, editor. The infrared spectra of the minerals, mineralogical society monograph. London: Mineralogical Society; 1974. p. 227–284.
   Google Scholar
• Dobson DP, Jones AP, Rabe R, et al. In-situ measurement of viscosity and density of carbonate melts at high pressure. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1996;143:207–215. doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(96)00139-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper AF, Gittins J, Tuttle OF. The system Na2CO3–K2CO3–CaCO3 at 1 kilobar and its significance in carbonatite petrogenesis. Am J Sci. 1975;275:534–560. doi: 10.2475/ajs.275.5.534
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shatskiy A, Borzdov YM, Litasov KD, et al. Phase relationships in the system K2CO3–CaCO3 at 6 GPa and 900–1450°C. Am Mineral. 2015;100:223–232. doi: 10.2138/am-2015-5001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gavryushkin P, Rashenko S, Shatskiy A, et al. Compressibility and phase transitions of potassium carbonate at pressures below 30 kbar. J Struct Chem. 2016;57:1485–1488. doi: 10.1134/S0022476616070258
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gavryushkin PN, Behtenova A, Popov ZI, et al. Toward analysis of structural changes common for alkaline carbonates and binary compounds: prediction of high-pressure structures of Li2CO3, Na2CO3, and K2CO3. Cryst Growth Des. 2016;16:5612–5617. doi: 10.1021/acs.cgd.5b01793
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gavryushkin PN, Likhacheva AY, Popov ZI, et al. Potassium carbonate under pressure: common structural trend for alkaline carbonates and binary compounds. arXiv preprint arXiv:150806456; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Cancarevic Z, Schon JC, Jansen M. Alkali metal carbonates at high pressure. Z Anorg Allg Chem. 2006;632:1437–1448. doi: 10.1002/zaac.200600068
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Z. Melting and structural transformations of carbonates and hydrous phases in Earth's mantle: Dissertation, Department of Geology, University of Michigan, USA; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Liu Q, Tenner TJ, Lange RA. Do carbonate liquids become denser than silicate liquids at pressure? constraints from the fusion curve of K2CO3 to 3.2 GPa. Contrib Mineral Petrol. 2007;153:55–66. doi: 10.1007/s00410-006-0134-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang M, Liu Q, Inoue T, et al. The K2CO3 fusion curve revisited: New experiments at pressures up to 12 GPa. J Mineral Petrol Sci. 2016;111:241–251. doi: 10.2465/jmps.150417
   Google Scholar
• Hasterok D, Chapman D. Heat production and geotherms for the continental lithosphere. Earth Planet Sci Lett. 2011;307:59–70. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.04.034
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalton JA, Presnall DC. Carbonatitic melts along the solidus of model lherzolite in the system CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–CO2 from 3 to 7 GPa. Contrib Mineral Petrol. 1998;131:123–135. doi: 10.1007/s004100050383
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dasgupta R, Hirschmann MM. Effect of variable carbonate concentration on the solidus of mantle peridotite. Am Mineral. 2007;92:370–379. doi: 10.2138/am.2007.2201
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shatskiy A, Litasov KD, Palyanov YN, et al. Phase relations on the K2CO3–CaCO3–MgCO3 join at 6 GPa and 900–1400°C: implication for incipient melting in carbonated mantle domains. Am Mineral. 2016;101:437–447. doi: 10.2138/am-2016-5332
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brey G, Brice WR, Ellis DJ, et al. Pyroxene-carbonate reactions in the upper mantle. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1983;62:63–74. doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(83)90071-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podborodnikov IV, Shatskiy A, Arefiev AV, et al. The system Na2CO3–CaCO3 at 3 GPa. Phys Chem Miner. 2018;45:773–787. doi: 10.1007/s00269-018-0961-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klement W, Cohen LH. Solid-solid and solid-liquid transitions in K2CO3, Na2CO3 and Li2CO3: investigations to ≥5 kbar by differential thermal analysis; thermodynamics and structural correlations. Berich Bunsengr Physikal Chem. 1975;79:327–334. doi: 10.1002/bbpc.19750790404
   Google Scholar
• Syracuse EM, van Keken PE, Abers GA. The global range of subduction zone thermal models. Phys Earth Planet Inter. 2010;183:73–90. doi: 10.1016/j.pepi.2010.02.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyllie PJ, Huang WL. Inflence of mantle CO2 ingeneration of carbonatites and kimberlites. Nature. 1975;257:297–299. doi: 10.1038/257297a0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gudfinnsson GH, Presnall DC. Melting relations of model lherzolite in the system CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 at 2.4–3.4 GPa and the generation of komatiites. J Geophys Res Solid Earth. 1996;101:27701–9. doi: 10.1029/96JB02462
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar