Publication Cover
Inhalation Toxicology
International Forum for Respiratory Research
Volume 18, 2006 - Issue 13
51
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Quantitative Risk Analysis of Particulate Matter in the Air: Interspecies Extrapolation with Bioassay and Mathematical Models

, , &
Pages 1013-1023 | Received 10 Feb 2006, Accepted 05 Jul 2006, Published online: 06 Oct 2008

REFERENCES

  • Anjilvel S., Asgharian B. A multiple-path model of particle deposition in the rat lung. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 1995; 28: 41–50, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Asgharian B., Hofmann W., Bergmann R. Particle deposition in a multiple-path model of the human lung. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2001a; 34: 332–339, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Asgharian B., Wong B. A., Bermudez E., Everitt J. I. A model of clearance of titanium dioxide from the rat lung. Toxicologist 2001b; 60(1)195–195, [CSA]
  • Brunekreef B., Dockery D. W., Krzyzanowski M. Epidemiologic studies on short-term effects of low levels of major ambient air pollution components. Environ. Health Perspect. 1993; 103(suppl. 2)3–13, [CSA]
  • Brown J. S., Wilson W. E., Grant L. D. Dosimetric comparisons of particle deposition and retention in rats and humans. Inhal. Toxicol. 2005; 17: 355–385, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • 2002, http://www.ciit.org/techtransfer/tt_technologies.asp CIIT Centers for Health Research. MPPD (Multiple-path Particle Model) v 1.0 for Windows
  • Clark C. R., Royer R. E., Books A. L., McCllan R. O., Marshall W. F., Naman T. M., Seizinger D. E. Mutagenicity of diesel exhaust particle extracts: Influence of car type. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 1981; 1: 260–265, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Crump K. S. A method for determining allowable daily intakes. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 1984; 4: 854–871, [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Crump K. S. Lung cancer mortality and diesel exhaust: Reanalysis of a retrospective cohort study of U.S. railroad workers. Inhal. Toxicol 1999; 11: 1–17, [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Davis C. N. Deposition of particle sin the human lungs as a function of particle size and breathing pattern: An empirical model. Ann. Occup. Hyg. (Inhaled Particles V) 1982; 26: 119–135, [CSA]
  • de Hartog J. J., Hoek G., Peters A., Timonen K. L., Ibald-Mulli A., Brunekreef B., Heinrich J., Tiittanen P., van Wijnen J. H., Kreyling W., Kulmala M., Pekkanen J. Effects of fine and ultrafine particles on cardiorespiratory symptoms in elderly subjects with coronary heart disease: The ULTRA study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2003; 157: 613–623, [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Dockery D. W., Schwartz J., Spengler J. D. Air pollution and daily mortality: associations with particulates and acid aerosols. Environ. Res. 1992; 59: 362–373, [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Dockery D. W., Pope C. A., III, Xu X., Spengler J. D., Ware J. H., Fay M. E., Ferris B. G., Jr., Speizer F. E. An associtation between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities. N. Engl. J. Med 1993; 329: 1753–1759, [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Gilmour M. I., Daniels M., McCrillis R. C., Winsett D., Selgrade M. K. Air pollutant-enhanced respiratory disease in experimental animals. Environ. Health Perspect. 2001; 109: 619–622, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Heyder J., Gebhart J., Rudolf G., Schilller C. F., Stahlhofen W. Deposition of particles in the human respiratory tract in the size range 0.005–15 mm (micro m). J. Aerosol. Sci 1986; 17: 811–825, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Huang S. L., Hsu M. K., Chan C. C. Effects of submicrometer particle compositions on cytokine production and lipid peroxidation of human bronchial epithelial cells. Environ. Health Perspect. 2003; 111: 478–482, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • ICRP. Human respiratory tract model for radiological protection. 1994; 20–25; 36–40; 65–72, ICRP Publication 66: A report of the task group of the International Commission on Radiological Protection
  • Ishinishi N., Kuwabara N., Nagase S., Suzuki T., Ishiwata S., Khono T. Long-tern inhalation studies on effects of exhaust from heavy and light duty diesel engines on F344 rats. Carcinogenic effects of diesel engine exhaust, N. Ishinishi, A. Koizumi, R. O. McClellan, W. Stober. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1986; 329–348
  • Iwai K., Kawabata Y., Udagawa T., Sato H., Hayashi Y. Risk Assessment for human lung cancer due to diesel exhaust particles. I. Estimation from animal experimental data. (Japanese). J. Jpn Soc. Air Pollut 1992a; 27: 289–295, [CSA]
  • Iwai K., Kawabata Y., Udagawa T., Sato H., Hayashi Y., Kuroishi T. Risk assessment for human lung cancer due to diesel exhasut particles. II. Estimation from epidemiological data and comparison of the estimated values in different ways of calculation. (Japanese). J. Jpn Soc. Air Pollut 1992b; 27: 296–303, [CSA]
  • Iwai K., Higuchi K., Udagawa T., Ohtomo K., Kawabata Y. Lung tumor induced by long-term inhalation or intratracheal instilltion of diesel exhaust particles. Exp. Toxicl. Pathol. 1997; 49: 393–401, [CSA]
  • James A. C., Birchall A., Cross F. T., Cuddihy R. G., Jonhson J. R. The current approach of the ICRP Task Group for modeling doses to respiratory tract tissues. Health Phys 1989; 57(suppl. 1)271–282, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Jarabek A. M., Asgharian B., Miller F. J. Dosimetric adjustments for interspecies extrapolation of inhaled poorly soluble particles (PSP). Inhal. Toxicol. 2005; 17: 317–334, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Matsumoto M., Maruyama W., Hirano S., Aoki Y., Matsumoto Y., Nakasugi O. Carcinogenic risk assessment for exposure to chemical mixtures in the air. Jpn. J. Risk Anal. 2004; 15: 55–67, (Japanese)[CSA]
  • Mauderly J. L., Jones R. K., Griffith W. C., Henderson R. F., McClellan R. O. Diesel exhaust is a pulmonary carcinogen in rats exposed chronically by inhalation. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 1987; 9: 208–221, [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • McMichael A. J., Anderson H. R., Brunekreef B., Cohen A. J. Inappropriate use of daily mortality analyses to estimate longer-term mortality effects of air pollution. Int. J. Epidemiol. 1998; 27: 450–453, [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfar (Japan). MHLW statistical database (Japanese). 2005, http://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/itiran/gaiyo/k-eisei.html
  • Ministry of the Environment (Japan). Monitoring data on air pollutants: SPM in the air in 2004 (Japanese). 2004, http://www.env.go.jp/air/osen/index.html
  • Nemmar A., Hoylaerts M. F., Hoet P. H. M., Vermylen J., Nemery B. Size effect of intratracheally instilled particles on pulmonary inflammation and vascular thrombosis. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2003; 186: 38–45, [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Nikula K. J., Snipes M. B., Barr E. B., Griffith W. C., Henderson R. F., Mauderly J. L. Comparative pulmonary toxicities and carcinogenicities of chronically inhaled diesel exhaust and carbon black in F344 rats. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 1995; 25: 80–94, [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Omori T., Fujimoto G., Yoshimura I., Nitta H., Ono M. Effects of particulate matter on daily mortality in 13 Japanese cities. J. Epidemiol. 2003; 13: 314–322, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Ostro B. The association of air pollution and mortality: examining the case for inference (Review). Arch. Environ. Health 1993; 48: 336–342, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Ostro B., Chestnut L. Assessing the health benefits of reducing particulate matter air pollution in the United States. Environ. Res. 1998; 76: 94–106, [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Peters A., Perz S., Doring A., Stieber J., Koenig W., Wichmann H. E. Increases in heart rate during an air pollution episode. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1999; 150: 1094–1098, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Peters A., Liu E., Verrier R. L., Schwartz J., Gold D. R., Mittleman M., Baliff J., Oh J. A., Allen G., Monahan K., Dockery D. W. Air pollution and incidence of cardiac arrhythmia. Epidemiology 2000; 11: 11–17, [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Pope C. A., 3rd, Dockery D. W. Acute health effects of PM10 pollution on symptomatic and asymptomatic children. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1992; 145: 1123–1128, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Pope C. A., III, Burnett R. T., Thum M. J., Calle E. E., Krewski D., Ito K., Thurston G. D. Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 2002; 287: 1132–1141, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Raabe O. G., Yeh H. C., Newton G. J., Phalen R. F., Velasquez D. J. Deposition of inhaled monodisperse aerosols in small rodents. Inhaled particles IV, W. H. Walton. Pergamon, Oxford 1975; 3–21
  • Reed M. D., Gigliotti A. P., McDonald J. D., Seagrave J., Seilkop S. K., Mauderly J. L. Health effects of subchronic exposure to environmental levels of diesel exhaust. Inhal. Toxicol. 2004; 16: 177–193, [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Schwartz J., Marcus A. Mortality and air pollution in London: A time series analysis. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1990; 131: 185–194, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Schwartz J. What are people dying of on high air pollution days?. Environ. Res. 1994; 64: 26–35, [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Schwartz J. Air pollution and hospital admissions for heart disease in eight U.S. counties. Epidemiology 1999; 10: 17–22, [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Schwartz J., Dockery D. W. Increased mortality in Philadelphia associated with daily air pollution concentrations. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1992; 145: 600–604, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Snipes M. B., McClellan R. O., Mauderly J. L., Wolf R. K. Retention patterns for inhaled particles in the lung: Comparisons between laboratory animals and humans for chronic exposures. Health Phys. 1989; 57(Suppl. 1)69–78, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Snyder W. S., Cook M. J., Nasset E. S., Karhausen L. R., Howell G. P., Tipton I. H. Pergamon, published for the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), Elsevier Science, Tokyo 1974; 23: 8–234, Report of the task group on reference man
  • Speizer F. E., Fay M. E., Dockery D. W., Ferris B. G., Jr. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality in six U.S. cities. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1989; 140: S49–S55, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Subramaniam R. P., Asgharian B., Freijer J. I., Miller F. J., Anjilvel S. Analysis of lobar differences in particle deposition in the human lung. Inhal. Toxicol. 2003; 15: 1–21, [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Suzuki T., Nakajima T., Maejim K., Kato A., Takaki Y., Kuwabara N., Hisanaga A., Ishinishi N. Long-term inhalation experiments on the health effects of diesel exhaust—The findings on F344 rats in carcinogenicity experiment in terms of doseresponse relationship. J. Jpn. Soc. Air Pollut. 1990; 25: 192–205, (Japanese)[CSA]
  • Tankersley C. G., Campen M., Bierman A., Flanders S. E., Broman K. W., Rabold R. Particle effects on heart-rate regulation in senescent mice. Inhal. Toxicol. 2004; 16: 381–390, [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Air quality criteria for particulate matter. U.S. EPA, Washington, DC 1996, EPA/600/P-95/001aF-cF
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1999, http://www.epa.gov/ncea/bmds.htm BenchMark Dose Software version 1.3.2.
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Air quality criteria for particulate matter. U.S. EPA, Washington, DC 2004, EPA/600/P-99/002aF-bF
  • World Health Organization. Evaluation of human health risks and effects on the environment. Diesel fuel and exhaust emissions. Environmental Health Criteria 171. International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), Geneva 1996; 231–286
  • Yeh H. C., Schum G. M. Models of human lung airways and their application to inhaled particle deposition. Bull. Math. Biol. 1980; 42: 461–480, [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Yeh H. C., Schum G. M., Duggan M. T. Anatomic models of the tracheobronchial and pulmonary regions of the rat. Anat. Rec. 1979; 195: 483–492, [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
  • Yu C. P., Xu G. B. Predicted deposition of diesel particles in young humans. J. Aerosol Sci 1987; 18: 419–429, [CROSSREF], [CSA]

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.