Publication Cover
Inhalation Toxicology
International Forum for Respiratory Research
Latest Articles
1,174
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

Health burden of sugarcane burning on agricultural workers and nearby communities

, , , &
Received 05 Dec 2023, Accepted 05 Feb 2024, Published online: 13 Feb 2024

References

  • Abdissa D. 2020. Purposeful review to identify risk factors, epidemiology, clinical features, treatment and prevention of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 13:367–377. doi: 10.2147/IJNRD.S283161.
  • Adegboye O. 2022. Field burning fallout: quantifying PM2.5 emissions from sugarcane fires. Environ Health Perspect. 130(8):84003. doi: 10.1289/EHP11533.
  • Aguilar DJ, Madero M. 2019. Other potential CKD hotspots in the World: the cases of Mexico and the United States. Semin Nephrol. 39(3):300–307. doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2019.02.008.
  • Ajala EO, Ighalo JO, Ajala MA, Adeniyi AG, Ayanshola AM. 2021. Sugarcane bagasse: a biomass sufficiently applied for improving global energy, environment and economic sustainability. Bioresour Bioprocess. 8(1):87. doi: 10.1186/s40643-021-00440-z.
  • Ali S, Zubair M, Hussain S. 2021. The combined effect of climatic factors and technical advancement on yield of sugarcane by using ARDL approach: evidence from Pakistan. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 28(29):39787–39804. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13313-x.
  • Amin MN, Ashraf M, Kumar R, Khan K, Saqib D, Ali SS, Khan S. 2020. Role of sugarcane bagasse ash in developing sustainable engineered cementitious composites. Front Mater. doi: 10.3389/fmats.2020.00065.
  • Amre DK, Infante-Rivard C, Dufresne A, Durgawale PM, Ernst P. 1999. Case-control study of lung cancer among sugar cane farmers in India. Occup Environ Med. 56(8):548–552. doi: 10.1136/oem.56.8.548.
  • de Andrade SJ, Cristale J, Silva FS, Julião Zocolo G, Marchi MRR. 2010. Contribution of sugar-cane harvesting season to atmospheric contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Araraquara city, Southeast Brazil. Atmos Environ. 44(24):2913–2919. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.04.026.
  • de Aragão Umbuzeiro G, Franco A, Magalhães D, de Castro FJV, Kummrow F, Rech CM, Rothschild Franco de Carvalho L, de Castro Vasconcellos P. 2008. A preliminary characterization of the mutagenicity of atmospheric particulate matter collected during sugar cane harvesting using the Salmonella/microsome microsuspension assay. Environ Mol Mutagen. 49(4):249–255. doi: 10.1002/em.20378.
  • Arbex MA, Martins LC, de Oliveira RC, Pereira LAA, Arbex FF, Cançado JED, Saldiva PHN, Braga ALF. 2007. Air pollution from biomass burning and asthma hospital admissions in a sugar cane plantation area in Brazil. J Epidemiol Community Health. 61(5):395–400. doi: 10.1136/jech.2005.044743.
  • Azouz RA, Korany RMS. 2021. Toxic impacts of amorphous silica nanoparticles on liver and kidney of male adult rats: an in vivo study. Biol Trace Elem Res. 199(7):2653–2662. doi: 10.1007/s12011-020-02386-3.
  • Barbosa CMG, Terra-Filho M, de Albuquerque ALP, Di Giorgi D, Grupi C, Negrão CE, Rondon MUPB, Martinez DG, Marcourakis T, dos Santos FA, et al. 2012. Burnt sugarcane harvesting - cardiovascular effects on a group of healthy workers, Brazil. PLOS One. 7(9):e46142. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046142.
  • Basith S, Manavalan B, Shin TH, Park CB, Lee W-S, Kim J, Lee G. 2022. The impact of fine particulate matter 2.5 on the cardiovascular system: a review of the invisible killer. Nanomaterials . 12(15):2656. doi: 10.3390/nano12152656.
  • Bernard AM, Gonzalez-Lorenzo JM, Siles E, Trujillano G, Lauwerys R. 1994. Early decrease of serum Clara cell protein in silica-exposed workers. Eur Respir J. 7(11):1932–1937. doi: 10.1183/09031936.94.07111932.
  • Bheel N, Khoso S, Baloch MH, Benjeddou O, Alwetaishi M. 2022. Use of waste recycling coal bottom ash and sugarcane bagasse ash as cement and sand replacement material to produce sustainable concrete. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 29(35):52399–52411. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-19478-3.
  • Bhuvaneshwari S, Hettiarachchi H, Meegoda JN. 2019. Crop residue burning in India: policy challenges and potential solutions. Int J Environ Res Public Health. [16(5)]. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16050832.
  • Boopathy R, Asrabadi BR, Ferguson TG. 2002. Sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L) burning and asthma in Southeast Louisiana, USA. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 68(2):173–179. doi: 10.1007/s001280235.
  • Bortolotto Teixeira L, Guzi de Moraes E, Paolinelli Shinhe G, Falk G, Novaes de Oliveira AP. 2021. Obtaining Biogenic Silica from Sugarcane Bagasse and Leaf Ash. Waste Biomass Valor. 12(6):3205–3221. doi: 10.1007/s12649-020-01230-y.
  • Boudard D, Aureli F, Laurent B, Sturm N, Raggi A, Antier E, Lakhdar L, Marche PN, Cottier M, Cubadda F, et al. 2019. Chronic oral exposure to synthetic amorphous silica (NM-200) results in renal and liver lesions in mice. Kidney Int Rep. 4(10):1463–1471. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.06.007.
  • Bowe B, Xie Y, Li T, Yan Y, Xian H, Al-Aly Z. 2018. Particulate matter air pollution and the risk of incident CKD and progression to ESRD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 29(1):218–230. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2017030253.
  • Broe MED, Vervaet BA. 2020. Is an environmental nephrotoxin the primary cause of CKDu (mesoamerican nephropathy)? PRO. Kidney360. 1(7):591–595. doi: 10.34067/KID.0003172020.
  • Cançado JED, Saldiva PHN, Pereira LAA, Lara LBLS, Artaxo P, Martinelli LA, Arbex MA, Zanobetti A, Braga ALF. 2006. The impact of sugar cane–burning emissions on the respiratory system of children and the elderly. Environ Health Perspect. 114(5):725–729. doi: 10.1289/ehp.8485.
  • Chandel AK, da Silva SS, Carvalho W, Singh OV. 2012. Sugarcane bagasse and leaves: foreseeable biomass of biofuel and bio-products. JChemTech Biotech. 87(1):11–20. doi: 10.1002/jctb.2742.
  • Chang J-S, Chang KLB, Hwang D-F, Kong Z-L. 2007. In vitro cytotoxicitiy of silica nanoparticles at high concentrations strongly depends on the metabolic activity type of the cell line. Environ Sci Technol. 41(6):2064–2068. doi: 10.1021/es062347t.
  • Chapman CL, Hess HW, Lucas RAI, Glaser J, Saran R, Bragg-Gresham J, Wegman DH, Hansson E, Minson CT, Schlader ZJ. 2021. Occupational heat exposure and the risk of chronic kidney disease of nontraditional origin in the United States. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 321(2):R141–R151. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00103.2021.
  • Chindaprasirt P, Rattanasak U. 2020. Eco-production of silica from sugarcane bagasse ash for use as a photochromic pigment filler. Sci Rep. 10(1):9890. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66885-y.
  • Cristale J, Silva FS, Zocolo GJ, Marchi MRR. 2012. Influence of sugarcane burning on indoor/outdoor PAH air pollution in Brazil. Environ Pollut. 169:210–216. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.03.045.
  • Croissant JG, Butler KS, Zink JI, Brinker CJ. 2020. Synthetic amorphous silica nanoparticles: toxicity, biomedical and environmental implications. Nat Rev Mater. 5(12):886–909. doi: 10.1038/s41578-020-0230-0.
  • Da Cruz TV, Machado RL. 2023. Measuring climate change’s impact on different sugarcane varieties production in the South of Goiás. Sci Rep. 13(1):11637. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-36582-7.
  • Dally M, Suresh K, Van Dyke M, James KA, Bauer AK, Krisher L, Newman LS. 2023. Occurrence of occupational injuries and within day changes in wet bulb temperature among sugarcane harvesters. J Agromedicine. 28(3):523–531. doi: 10.1080/1059924X.2023.2169425.
  • De Silva PMCS, Ekanayake EMDV, Gunasekara T, Thakshila WAKG, Sandamini PMMA, Abeysiriwardhana PA, Nishara KGD, Harishchandra A, De Silva PHC, Siribaddana N, et al. 2022. Occupational heat exposure alone does not explain chronic kidney disease of uncertain aetiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka. J Climate Change Health. 8:100143. doi: 10.1016/j.joclim.2022.100143.
  • Debela M, Kebeta ND, Begosaw AM, Okello G, Azage M. 2023. Bagasse dust exposure and chronic respiratory symptoms among workers in the Metehara and Wonji sugar factories in Ethiopia: a longitudinal study design. BMJ Open Resp Res. 10(1):e001511. doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001511.
  • Dong X, Wu Z, Li X, Xiao L, Yang M, Li Y, Duan J, Sun Z. 2020. The size-dependent cytotoxicity of amorphous silica nanoparticles: a systematic review of in vitro studies. Int J Nanomedicine. 15:9089–9113. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S276105.
  • Drescher D, Orts-Gil G, Laube G, Natte K, Veh RW, Österle W, Kneipp J. 2011. Toxicity of amorphous silica nanoparticles on eukaryotic cell model is determined by particle agglomeration and serum protein adsorption effects. Anal Bioanal Chem. 400(5):1367–1373. doi: 10.1007/s00216-011-4893-7.
  • Du Y, Xu X, Chu M, Guo Y, Wang J. 2016. Air particulate matter and cardiovascular disease: the epidemiological, biomedical and clinical evidence. J Thorac Dis. 8(1):E8–E19. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.11.37.
  • Elshabrawy SO, Elhussieny A, Taha MM, Pal K, Fahim IS. 2023. Wastewater treatment via sugarcane bagasse pulp. Int J Environ Sci Technol. 20(11):12405–12416. doi: 10.1007/s13762-023-04831-x.
  • Ezeonuegbu BA, Machido DA, Whong CMZ, Japhet WS, Alexiou A, Elazab ST, Qusty N, Yaro CA, Batiha GE-S. 2021. Agricultural waste of sugarcane bagasse as efficient adsorbent for lead and nickel removal from untreated wastewater: biosorption, equilibrium isotherms, kinetics and desorption studies. Biotechnol Rep . 30:e00614. doi: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00614.
  • FAO FAOSTAT. [accessed 2023 Sep 26]. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC.
  • Farrant WE, Babafemi AJ, Kolawole JT, Panda B. 2022. Influence of sugarcane bagasse ash and silica fume on the mechanical and durability properties of concrete. Materials . 15(9):3018. doi: 10.3390/ma15093018.
  • Favero A, Daigneault A, Sohngen B. 2020. Forests: carbon sequestration, biomass energy, or both? Sci Adv. 6(13):eaay6792. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aay6792.
  • Ferreira LEN, Muniz BV, Bittar TO, Berto LA, Figueroba SR, Groppo FC, Pereira AC. 2014. Effect of particles of ashes produced from sugarcane burning on the respiratory system of rats. Environ Res. 135:304–310. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.07.030.
  • Ferreira-Ceccato AD, Ramos EMC, de Carvalho LCS, Xavier RF, Teixeira MFdS, Raymundo-Pereira PA, Proença CdA, de Toledo AC, Ramos D. 2011. Short-term effects of air pollution from biomass burning in mucociliary clearance of Brazilian sugarcane cutters. Respir Med. 105(11):1766–1768. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2011.08.003.
  • de Figueiredo EB, Panosso AR, Romão R, La Scala N. 2010. Greenhouse gas emission associated with sugar production in southern Brazil. Carbon Balance Manage. 5(1)3. doi: 10.1186/1750-0680-5-3.
  • Fischer RSB, Mandayam S, Chavarria D, Vangala C, Nolan MS, Garcia LL, Palma L, Garcia F, García-Trabanino R, Murray KO. 2017. Clinical evidence of acute mesoamerican nephropathy. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 97(4):1247–1256. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0260.
  • Flores-Jiménez DE, Carbajal N, Algara-Siller M, Aguilar-Rivera N, Álvarez-Fuentes G, Ávila-Galarza A, García AR. 2019. Atmospheric dispersion of methane emissions from sugarcane burning in Mexico. Environ Pollut. 250:922–933. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.025.
  • Formann S, Hahn A, Janke L, Stinner W, Sträuber H, Logroño W, Nikolausz M. 2020. Beyond sugar and ethanol production: value generation opportunities through sugarcane residues. Front Energy Res. doi: 10.3389/fenrg.2020.579577.
  • França DdA, Longo KM, Neto TGS, Santos JC, Freitas SR, Rudorff BFT, Cortez EV, Anselmo E, Carvalho JA. 2012. Pre-harvest sugarcane burning: determination of emission factors through laboratory measurements. Atmosphere. 3(1):164–180. doi: 10.3390/atmos3010164.
  • Frost R, Langhammer C, Cedervall T. 2017. Real-time in situ analysis of biocorona formation and evolution on silica nanoparticles in defined and complex biological environments. Nanoscale. 9(10):3620–3628. doi: 10.1039/C6NR06399C.
  • Gade SA, Khedkar DD. 2023. Implication of climate change on crop water requirement in the semi-arid region of Western Maharashtra, India. Environ Monit Assess. 195(7):829. doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-11429-w.
  • García-Trabanino R, Jarquín E, Wesseling C, Johnson RJ, González-Quiroz M, Weiss I, Glaser J, José Vindell J, Stockfelt L, Roncal C, et al. 2015. Heat stress, dehydration, and kidney function in sugarcane cutters in El Salvador–A cross-shift study of workers at risk of Mesoamerican nephropathy. Environ Res. 142:746–755. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.07.007.
  • Gascon M, Kromhout H, Heederik D, Eduard W, van Wendel de Joode B. 2012. Respiratory, allergy and eye problems in bagasse-exposed sugar cane workers in Costa Rica. Occup Environ Med. 69(5):331–338. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2011-100029.
  • Geladari E, Vallianou N, Geladari C, Aronis K, Vlachos K, Andreadis E, Theocharopoulos I, Dourakis S. 2021. Failing kidneys in a failing planet; CKD of unknown origin. Rev Environ Health. 38(1):125-135. doi: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0109.
  • Geldenhuys G, Orasche J, Jakobi G, Zimmermann R, Forbes PBC. 2023. Characterization of gaseous and particulate phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emitted during preharvest burning of sugar cane in different regions of Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa. Environ Toxicol Chem. 42(4):778–792. doi: 10.1002/etc.5579.
  • Gillison JA, Taylor F. 1942. Four cases of Bagassosis. Br Med J. 2(4271):577–578. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.4271.577.
  • Glaser J, Hansson E, Weiss I, Wesseling C, Jakobsson K, Ekström U, Apelqvist J, Lucas R, Arias Monge E, Peraza S, et al. 2020. Preventing kidney injury among sugarcane workers: promising evidence from enhanced workplace interventions. Occup Environ Med. 77(8):527–534. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106406.
  • Gonino GMR, Figueiredo BRS, Manetta GI, Zaia Alves GH, Benedito E. 2019. Fire increases the productivity of sugarcane, but it also generates ashes that negatively affect native fish species in aquatic systems. Sci Total Environ. 664:215–221. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.022.
  • Goto DM, Lança M, Obuti CA, Galvão Barbosa CM, Nascimento Saldiva PH, Trevisan Zanetta DM, Lorenzi-Filho G, de Paula Santos U, Nakagawa NK. 2011. Effects of biomass burning on nasal mucociliary clearance and mucus properties after sugarcane harvesting. Environ Res. 111(5):664–669. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2011.03.006.
  • Gullett BK, Touati A, Huwe J, Hakk H. 2006. PCDD and PCDF emissions from simulated sugarcane Field Burning. Environ Sci Technol. 40(20):6228–6234. doi: 10.1021/es060806k.
  • Gunawickrama SHNP, Silva ARN, Nanayakkara PGCL, Gunawickrama KBS, Jayasekara JMKB, Chandrasekharan NV. 2022. Metals and metallothionein expression in relation to progression of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka. Diseases. 10(2):34. doi: 10.3390/diseases10020034.
  • Guo C, Liu Y, Li Y. 2021. Adverse effects of amorphous silica nanoparticles: focus on human cardiovascular health. J Hazard Mater. 406:124626. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124626.
  • Häffner SM, Parra-Ortiz E, Browning KL, Jørgensen E, Skoda MWA, Montis C, Li X, Berti D, Zhao D, Malmsten M. 2021. Membrane interactions of virus-like mesoporous silica nanoparticles. ACS Nano. 15(4):6787–6800. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10378.
  • Harper AR, Santin C, Doerr SH, Froyd CA, Albini D, Otero XL, Viñas L, Pérez-Fernández B, Harper AR, Santin C, et al. 2019. Chemical composition of wildfire ash produced in contrasting ecosystems and its toxicity to Daphnia magna. Int J Wildland Fire. 28(10):726–737. doi: 10.1071/WF18200.
  • Herath C, Jayasumana C, De Silva PMCS, D, Silva PHC, Siribaddana S, De Broe ME. 2018. Kidney diseases in agricultural communities: a case against heat-stress nephropathy. Kidney Int Rep. 3(2):271–280. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2017.10.006.
  • Hiscox AL, Flecher S, Wang JJ, Viator HP. 2015. A comparative analysis of potential impact area of common sugar cane burning methods. Atmos Environ. 106:154–164. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.02.005.
  • Horn GP, Blevins S, Fernhall B, Smith DL. 2013. Core temperature and heart rate response to repeated bouts of firefighting activities. Ergonomics. 56(9):1465–1473. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2013.818719.
  • Hsu CY, Bates DW, Kuperman GJ, Curhan GC. 2001. Relationship between hematocrit and renal function in men and women. Kidney Int. 59(2):725–731. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.059002725.x.
  • Hu L, Xu C, Tang X, Yu S, Wang L, Li Q, Zhou X. 2023. Fine particulate matter promotes airway inflammation and mucin production by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress and the IRE1α/NOD1/NF‑κB pathway. Int J Mol Med. 52(4):1–13. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5299.
  • Imbulana S, Oguma K. 2021. Groundwater as a potential cause of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka: a review. J Water Health. 19(3):393–410. doi: 10.2166/wh.2021.079.
  • Johnson RJ, Wesseling C, Newman LS. 2019. Chronic kidney disease of unknown cause in agricultural communities. N Engl J Med. 380(19):1843–1852. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1813869.
  • Kim E-A. 2017. Particulate matter (fine particle) and urologic diseases. Int Neurourol J. 21(3):155–162. doi: 10.5213/inj.1734954.477.
  • Kim S-S, Kim CH, Kim JW, Kung HC, Park TW, Shin YS, Kim JD, Ryu S, Kim W-J, Choi YH, et al. 2017. Airborne particulate matter increases MUC5AC expression by downregulating Claudin-1 expression in human airway cells. BMB Rep. 50(10):516–521. doi: 10.5483/BMBRep.2017.50.10.100.
  • Kovesdy CP. 2022. Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease: an update 2022. Kidney Int Suppl (2011). 12(1):7–11. doi: 10.1016/j.kisu.2021.11.003.
  • Krinsky LM, Levine WJ. 2014. An island of widows: the human face of Mesoamerican endemic nephropathy. Kidney Int. 86(2):221–223. doi: 10.1038/ki.2014.133.
  • Kupferman J, Ramírez-Rubio O, Amador JJ, López-Pilarte D, Wilker EH, Laws RL, Sennett C, Robles NV, Lau JL, Salinas AJ, et al. 2018. Acute kidney injury in sugarcane workers at risk for mesoamerican nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis. 72(4):475–482. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.04.014.
  • Kyung SY, Jeong SH. 2020. Particulate-matter related respiratory diseases. Tuberc Respir Dis . 83(2):116–121. doi: 10.4046/trd.2019.0025.
  • Lara LL, Artaxo P, Martinelli LA, Camargo PB, Victoria RL, Ferraz ESB. 2005. Properties of aerosols from sugar-cane burning emissions in Southeastern Brazil. Atmos Environ. 39(26):4627–4637. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.04.026.
  • Laws RL, Brooks DR, Amador JJ, Weiner DE, Kaufman JS, Ramírez-Rubio O, Riefkohl A, Scammell MK, López-Pilarte D, Sánchez JM, et al. 2015. Changes in kidney function among Nicaraguan sugarcane workers. Int J Occup Environ Health. 21(3):241–250. doi: 10.1179/2049396714Y.0000000102.
  • Laws RL, Brooks DR, Amador JJ, Weiner DE, Kaufman JS, Ramírez-Rubio O, Riefkohl A, Scammell MK, López-Pilarte D, Sánchez JM, et al. 2016. Biomarkers of kidney injury among nicaraguan sugarcane workers. Am J Kidney Dis. 67(2):209–217. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.08.022.
  • Le Blond JS, Horwell CJ, Williamson BJ, Oppenheimer C. 2010. Generation of crystalline silica from sugarcane burning. J Environ Monit. 12(7):1459–1470. doi: 10.1039/c0em00020e.
  • Le Blond JS, Tomatis M, Horwell CJ, Dunster C, Murphy F, Corazzari I, Grendene F, Turci F, Gazzano E, Ghigo D, et al. 2014. The surface reactivity and implied toxicity of ash produced from sugarcane burning. Environ Toxicol. 29(5):503–516. doi: 10.1002/tox.21776.
  • Le Blond JS, Woskie S, Horwell CJ, Williamson BJ. 2017. Particulate matter produced during commercial sugarcane harvesting and processing: a respiratory health hazard? Atmos Environ. 149:34–46. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.11.012.
  • Lehman SE, Morris AS, Mueller PS, Salem AK, Grassian VH, Larsen SC. 2016. Silica nanoparticle-generated ROS as a predictor of cellular toxicity: mechanistic insights and safety by design. Environ Sci Nano. 3(1):56–66. doi: 10.1039/C5EN00179J.
  • Lehrer SB, Turer E, Weill H, Salvaggio JE. 1978. Elimination of bagassosis in Louisiana paper manufacturing plant workers. Clin Allergy. 8(1):15–20. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1978.tb00442.x.
  • Leikauf GD, Kim S-H, Jang A-S. 2020. Mechanisms of ultrafine particle-induced respiratory health effects. Exp Mol Med. 52(3):329–337. doi: 10.1038/s12276-020-0394-0.
  • Leite MR, Ramos D, Trevisan IB, Freire APCF, Silva BSdA, Tacao GY, David RM, Burdmann EA, Santos UDP. 2015. Work in burnt sugar cane harvesting: chronic and acute change on inflammatory markers and blood pressure. Eur Respir J [Internet]. [accessed 2023 Oct 16] 46(suppl 59). doi: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.PA1177.
  • Leite MR, Zanetta DMT, Antonangelo L, Marçal LJ, Ramos D, Almeida Burdmann E, Paula Santos U. 2018. Burnt sugarcane harvesting work: effects on pulmonary and systemic inflammatory markers. Inhal Toxicol. 30(6):205–212. doi: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1494765.
  • Leite MR, Zanetta DMT, Trevisan IB, Burdmann E de A, Santos U de P. 2018. Sugarcane cutting work, risks, and health effects: a literature review. Rev Saúde Pública. 52:80. doi: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2018052000138.
  • Lemone DV, Scott WG, Moore S, Koven AL. 1947. Bagasse disease of the lungs. Radiology. 49(5):556–567. doi: 10.1148/49.5.556.
  • Leung CC, Yu ITS, Chen W. 2012. Silicosis. Lancet. 379(9830):2008–2018. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60235-9.
  • Li Q, Hu H, Jiang L, Zou Y, Duan J, Sun Z. 2016. Cytotoxicity and autophagy dysfunction induced by different sizes of silica particles in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. Toxicol Res. 5(4):1216–1228. doi: 10.1039/c6tx00100a.
  • Li Y, Duan J, Chai X, Yang M, Wang J, Chen R, Sun Z. 2019. Microarray-assisted size-effect study of amorphous silica nanoparticles on human bronchial epithelial cells. Nanoscale. 11(47):22907–22923. doi: 10.1039/c9nr07350g.
  • Li Y, Sun L, Jin M, Du Z, Liu X, Guo C, Li Y, Huang P, Sun Z. 2011. Size-dependent cytotoxicity of amorphous silica nanoparticles in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Toxicol in Vitro. 25(7):1343–1352. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.05.003.
  • Littell JS, Peterson DL, Riley KL, Liu Y, Luce CH. 2016. A review of the relationships between drought and forest fire in the United States. Glob Chang Biol. 22(7):2353–2369. doi: 10.1111/gcb.13275.
  • Long W, Tate RB, Neuman M, Manfreda J, Becker AB, Anthonisen NR. 1998. Respiratory symptoms in a susceptible population due to burning of agricultural residue. Chest. 113(2):351–357. doi: 10.1378/chest.113.2.351.
  • López-Gálvez N, Wagoner R, Canales RA, Ernst K, Burgess JL, de Zapien J, Rosales C, Beamer P. 2021. Longitudinal assessment of kidney function in migrant farm workers. Environ Res. 202:111686. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111686.
  • López-Marín L, Chávez Y, García XA, Flores WM, García YM, Herrera R, Almaguer M, Orantes CM, Calero D, Bayarre HD, et al. 2014. Histopathology of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology in Salvadoran agricultural communities. MEDICC Rev. 16(2):49–54. doi: 10.37757/MR2014.V16.N2.8.
  • Lunt AJG, Chater P, Korsunsky AM. 2018. On the origins of strain inhomogeneity in amorphous materials. Sci Rep. 8(1):1574. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19900-2.
  • Madu A, Sharman T. 2023. Bagassosis. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; [accessed 2023 Oct 23]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554444/.
  • Magalhaes S, Baumgartner J, Weichenthal S. 2018. Impacts of exposure to black carbon, elemental carbon, and ultrafine particles from indoor and outdoor sources on blood pressure in adults: a review of epidemiological evidence. Environ Res. 161:345–353. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.11.030.
  • Mahmud M, Anannya FR. 2021. Sugarcane bagasse - A source of cellulosic fiber for diverse applications. Heliyon. 7(8):e07771. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07771.
  • Mallah Manthar A, Changxing L, Mallah Mukhtiar A, Noreen S, Liu Y, Saeed M, Xi H, Ahmed B, Feng F, Mirjat AA, et al. 2022. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and its effects on human health: an overeview. Chemosphere. 296:133948. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133948.
  • Malpani SK, Goyal D. 2023. Synthesis, analysis, and multi-faceted applications of solid wastes-derived silica nanoparticles: a comprehensive review (2010-2022). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 30(11):28321–28343. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-23873-1.
  • Mascarenhas S, Mutnuri S, Ganguly A. 2017. Deleterious role of trace elements - Silica and lead in the development of chronic kidney disease. Chemosphere. 177:239–249. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.155.
  • de Matos M, Santos F, Eichler P. 2020. Chapter 1 - Sugarcane world scenario. In: Santos F, Rabelo SC, De Matos M, Eichler P, editors. Sugarcane Biorefinery, Technology and Perspectives [Internet]. [place unknown]: Academic Press; [accessed 2023 Nov 17p. 1–19. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-814236-3.00001-9.
  • Matos VSB, Gomes FdS, Oliveira TM, Schulz R da S, Ribeiro LCV, Gonzales ADF, Lima JM, Guerreiro MLdS 2017. Effects of emissions from sugar cane burning on the trachea and lungs of Wistar rats. J Bras Pneumol. 43(3):208–214. doi: 10.1590/S1806-37562016000000144.
  • Matsuda M, Braga ALF, Marquezini MV, Monteiro MLR, Saldiva PHN, de Santos U. 2020. Occupational effect of sugarcane biomass burning on the conjunctival mucin profile of harvest workers and residents of an adjacent town - A Brazilian panel study. Exp Eye Res. 190:107889. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107889.
  • Mazzoli-Rocha F, Carvalho GMC, Lanzetti M, Valença SS, Silva LFF, Saldiva PHN, Zin WA, Faffe DS. 2014. Respiratory toxicity of repeated exposure to particles produced by traffic and sugar cane burning. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 191:106–113. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2013.11.004.
  • Mazzoli-Rocha F, Magalhães CB, Malm O, Saldiva PHN, Zin WA, Faffe DS. 2008. Comparative respiratory toxicity of particles produced by traffic and sugar cane burning. Environ Res. 108(1):35–41. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2008.05.004.
  • McCarthy J, Inkielewicz-Stępniak I, Corbalan JJ, Radomski MW. 2012. Mechanisms of toxicity of amorphous silica nanoparticles on human lung submucosal cells in vitro: protective effects of Fisetin. Chem Res Toxicol. 25(10):2227–2235. doi: 10.1021/tx3002884.
  • Mckee MM, Paasche-Orlow M. 2012. Health literacy and the disenfranchised: the importance of collaboration between limited english proficiency and health literacy researchers. J Health Commun. 17 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):7–12. doi: 10.1080/10810730.2012.712627.
  • Merget R, Bauer T, Küpper HU, Philippou S, Bauer HD, Breitstadt R, Bruening T. 2002. Health hazards due to the inhalation of amorphous silica. Arch Toxicol. 75(11–12):625–634. doi: 10.1007/s002040100266.
  • Mnatzaganian CL, Pellegrin KL, Miyamura J, Valencia D, Pang L. 2015. Association between sugar cane burning and acute respiratory illness on the island of Maui. Environ Health. 14(1):81. doi: 10.1186/s12940-015-0067-y.
  • Moitinho MR, Ferraudo AS, Panosso AR, Bicalho EdS, Teixeira DDB, Barbosa MdA, Tsai SM, Borges BMF, Cannavan FdS, Souza J d, et al. 2021. Effects of burned and unburned sugarcane harvesting systems on soil CO2 emission and soil physical, chemical, and microbiological attributes. CATENA. 196:104903. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2020.104903.
  • Moreira JR, Pacca SA. 2020. The climate change mitigation potential of sugarcane based technologies for automobiles; CO2 negative emissions in sight. Transportation Res Part D: transp Environ. 86:102454. doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2020.102454.
  • Murugadoss S, Lison D, Godderis L, Van Den Brule S, Mast J, Brassinne F, Sebaihi N, Hoet PH. 2017. Toxicology of silica nanoparticles: an update. Arch Toxicol. 91(9):2967–3010. doi: 10.1007/s00204-017-1993-y.
  • Navarro K. 2020. Working in smoke: wildfire impacts on the health of firefighters and outdoor workers and mitigation strategies. Clin Chest Med. 41(4):763–769. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2020.08.017.
  • Navarro KM, Butler CR, Fent K, Toennis C, Sammons D, Ramirez-Cardenas A, Clark KA, Byrne DC, Graydon PS, Hale CR, et al. 2022. The wildland firefighter exposure and health effect (WFFEHE) study: rationale, design, and methods of a repeated-measures study. Ann Work Expo Health. 66(6):714–727. doi: 10.1093/annweh/wxab117.
  • Navarro KM, Kleinman MT, Mackay CE, Reinhardt TE, Balmes JR, Broyles GA, Ottmar RD, Naher LP, Domitrovich JW. 2019. Wildland firefighter smoke exposure and risk of lung cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality. Environ Res. 173:462–468. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.060.
  • Nicolella AC, Belluzzo W. 2015. The effect of reducing the pre-harvest burning of sugar cane on respiratory health in Brazil. Envir Dev Econ. 20(1):127–140. doi: 10.1017/S1355770X14000096.
  • Nikagolla C, Meredith KT, Dawes LA, Banati RB, Millar GJ. 2020. Using water quality and isotope studies to inform research in chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology endemic areas in Sri Lanka. Sci Total Environ. 757:144152. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140896.
  • Nowell HK, Wirks C, Val MM, van DA, Martin RV, Uejio CK, Holmes CD. 2022. Impacts of sugarcane fires on air quality and public health in South Florida. Environ Health Perspect. 130(8):87004. doi: 10.1289/EHP9957.
  • Núñez O, Spaans E. 2008. Evaluation of green-cane harvesting and crop management with a trash-blanket. Sugar Tech. 10(1):29–35. doi: 10.1007/s12355-008-0005-1.
  • Patil SN, Somade PM, Joshi AG. 2008. Pulmonary function tests in sugar factory workers of Western Maharashtra (India). J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 19(2):159–166. doi: 10.1515/jbcpp.2008.19.2.159.
  • Paula Santos U, Zanetta DMT, Terra-Filho M, Burdmann EA. 2015. Burnt sugarcane harvesting is associated with acute renal dysfunction. Kidney Int. 87(4):792–799. doi: 10.1038/ki.2014.306.
  • Pavan C, Santalucia R, Leinardi R, Fabbiani M, Yakoub Y, Uwambayinema F, Ugliengo P, Tomatis M, Martra G, Turci F, et al. 2020. Nearly free surface silanols are the critical molecular moieties that initiate the toxicity of silica particles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 117(45):27836–27846. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2008006117.
  • Peraza S, Wesseling C, Aragon A, Leiva R, García-Trabanino RA, Torres C, Jakobsson K, Elinder CG, Hogstedt C. 2012. Decreased kidney function among agricultural workers in El Salvador. Am J Kidney Dis. 59(4):531–540. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.11.039.
  • Pestana PRdS, Braga ALF, Ramos EMC, de Oliveira AF, Osadnik CR, Ferreira AD, Ramos D. 2017. Effects of air pollution caused by sugarcane burning in Western São Paulo on the cardiovascular system. Rev Saúde Pública. 51(0):13. doi: 10.1590/s1518-8787.2017051006495.
  • Pett J, Mohamed F, Knight J, Linhart C, Osborne NJ, Taylor R. 2022. Two decades of chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu) research: existing evidence and persistent gaps from epidemiological studies in Sri Lanka. Nephrology. 27(3):238–247. doi: 10.1111/nep.13989.
  • Pinakana SD, Robles E, Mendez E, Raysoni AU. 2023. Assessment of air pollution levels during sugarcane stubble burning event in La Feria, South Texas, USA. Pollutants. 3(2):197–219. doi: 10.3390/pollutants3020015.
  • Pinkerton LE, Bertke S, Dahm MM, Kubale TL, Siegel MR, Hales TR, Yiin JH, Purdue MP, Beaumont JJ, Daniels RD. 2022. End-stage renal disease incidence in a cohort of US firefighters from San Francisco, Chicago, and Philadelphia. Am J Ind Med. 65(12):975–984. doi: 10.1002/ajim.23435.
  • Pizzino G, Irrera N, Cucinotta M, Pallio G, Mannino F, Arcoraci V, Squadrito F, Altavilla D, Bitto A. 2017. Oxidative stress: harms and Benefits for Human Health. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017:8416763–8416713. doi: 10.1155/2017/8416763.
  • Pope CA, Burnett RT, Thun MJ, Calle EE, Krewski D, Ito K, Thurston GD. 2002. Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. JAMA. 287(9):1132–1141. doi: 10.1001/jama.287.9.1132.
  • Prado GF, Zanetta DMT, Arbex MA, Braga AL, Pereira LAA, de Marchi MRR, de Melo Loureiro AP, Marcourakis T, Sugauara LE, Gattás GJF, et al. 2012. Burnt sugarcane harvesting: particulate matter exposure and the effects on lung function, oxidative stress, and urinary 1-hydroxypyrene. Sci Total Environ. 437:200–208. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.069.
  • Raines NH, Leone DA, O'Callaghan-Gordo C, Ramirez-Rubio O, Amador JJ, Lopez Pilarte D, Delgado IS, Leibler JH, Embade N, Gil-Redondo R, et al. 2023. Metabolic features of increased gut permeability, inflammation, and altered energy metabolism distinguish agricultural workers at risk for mesoamerican nephropathy. Metabolites. 13(3):325. doi: 10.3390/metabo13030325.
  • Ranasinghe AV, Kumara GWGP, Karunarathna RH, De Silva AP, Sachintani KGD, Gunawardena JMCN, Kumari SKCR, Sarjana MSF, Chandraguptha JS, De Silva MVC. 2019. The incidence, prevalence and trends of chronic kidney disease and chronic kidney disease of uncertain aetiology (CKDu) in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka: an analysis of 30,566 patients. BMC Nephrol. 20(1):338. doi: 10.1186/s12882-019-1501-0.
  • Rasking L, Vanbrabant K, Bové H, Plusquin M, De Vusser K, Roels HA, Nawrot TS. 2022. Adverse effects of fine particulate matter on human kidney functioning: a systematic review. Environ Health. 21(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s12940-021-00827-7.
  • Riguera D, André PA, Zanetta DMT. 2011. Sugar cane burning pollution and respiratory symptoms in schoolchildren in Monte Aprazível, Southeastern Brazil. Rev Saude Publica. 45(5):878–886. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89102011005000052.
  • Rogers KL, Roncal-Jimenez CA, Leiva R, Stem A, Wijkstrom J, Serpas L, González-Quiroz MA, Sasai F, Wernerson A, Schaeffer J, et al. 2023. Silica nanoparticles and Mesoamerican nephropathy: a case series. Am J Kidney Dis. [accessed 2023 Oct 23]. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2023.06.010.
  • Rogers LK, Cismowski MJ. 2018. Oxidative stress in the lung – the essential paradox. Curr Opin Toxicol. 7:37–43. doi: 10.1016/j.cotox.2017.09.001.
  • Roncal-Jimenez CA, Rogers KL, Stem A, Wijkstrom J, Wernerson A, Fox J, Garcia Trabanino R, Brindley S, Garcia G, Miyazaki M, et al. 2024. Intranasal administration of sugarcane ash causes chronic kidney disease in rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00251.2023.
  • Rossiello MR, Szema A. 2019. Health effects of climate change-induced wildfires and heatwaves. Cureus. 11(5):e4771. doi: 10.7759/cureus.4771.
  • Rubio L, Pyrgiotakis G, Beltran-Huarac J, Zhang Y, Gaurav J, Deloid G, Spyrogianni A, Sarosiek KA, Bello D, Demokritou P. 2019. Safer-by-design flame-sprayed silicon dioxide nanoparticles: the role of silanol content on ROS generation, surface activity and cytotoxicity. Part Fibre Toxicol. 16(1):40. doi: 10.1186/s12989-019-0325-1.
  • Sahu S K, Mangaraj, P, Beig G, Samal A, Dash S, Tyagi B, Chinmay Pradhan,. 2021. Quantifying the high resolution seasonal emission of air pollutants from crop residue burning in India. Environ Pollut. 286:117165. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117165.
  • Sandhu HS, Singh MP, Gilbert RA, Subiros-Ruiz F, Rice RW, Shine JM. 2017. Harvest management effects on sugarcane growth, yield and nutrient cycling in Florida and Costa Rica. Field Crops Res. 214:253–260. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2017.09.002.
  • Santoso MA, Christensen EG, Yang J, Rein G. 2019. Review of the transition from smouldering to flaming combustion in wildfires. Front Mech Eng. 5:49. doi: 10.3389/fmech.2019.00049.
  • Sasai F, Rogers KL, Orlicky DJ, Stem A, Schaeffer J, Garcia G, Fox J, Ray MS, Butler-Dawson J, Gonzalez-Quiroz M, et al. 2022. Inhaled silica nanoparticles cause chronic kidney disease in rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 323(1):F48–F58. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00021.2022.
  • Sasai F, Roncal-Jimenez C, Rogers K, Sato Y, Brown JM, Glaser J, Garcia G, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Dawson JB, et al. 2021. Climate change and nephrology. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 38(1):41–48. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfab258.
  • Schaeffer JW, Adgate JL, Reynolds SJ, Butler-Dawson J, Krisher L, Dally M, Johnson RJ, James KA, Jaramillo D, Newman LS. 2020. A pilot study to assess inhalation exposures among sugarcane workers in Guatemala: implications for chronic kidney disease of unknown origin. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 17(16):5708. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165708.
  • Schreurs G, Maudsley S, Nast C, Praet M, Da Silva Fernandes S, Boor P, D'Haese P, De Broe ME, Vervaet BA. 2023. Chronic dehydration induces injury pathways in rats, but does not mimic histopathology of chronic interstitial nephritis in agricultural communities. Sci Rep. 13(1):18119. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-43567-z.
  • Selvarajah M, Weeratunga P, Sivayoganthan S, Rathnatunga N, Rajapakse S. 2016. Clinicopathological correlates of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology in Sri Lanka. Indian J Nephrol. 26(5):357–363. doi: 10.4103/0971-4065.167280.
  • Senande-Rivera M, Insua-Costa D, Miguez-Macho G. 2022. Spatial and temporal expansion of global wildland fire activity in response to climate change. Nat Commun. 13(1):1208. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-28835-2.
  • SerokaS, Taziwa R, Khotseng L. 2022a. Green synthesis of crystalline silica from sugarcane bagasse ash: physico-chemical properties. Nanomaterials. 12(13):2184. doi: 10.3390/nano12132184.
  • Seroka NS, Taziwa RT, Khotseng L. 2022b. Extraction and synthesis of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) from sugarcane bagasse ash: a mini-review. Appl Sci. 12(5):2310. doi: 10.3390/app12052310.
  • Sevimoglu O, Rogge WF. 2015. Organic compound concentrations of size-segregated PM10 during sugarcane burning and growing seasons at a Rural and an Urban Site in Florida, USA. Aerosol Air Qual Res. 15(5):1720–1736. doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2015.02.0069.
  • Sevimoglu O, Rogge WF. 2016. Seasonal size-segregated PM10 and PAH concentrations in a rural area of sugarcane agriculture versus a coastal urban area in Southeastern Florida, USA. Particuology. 28:52–59. doi: 10.1016/j.partic.2015.09.013.
  • Shikwambana L, Ncipha X, Sangeetha SK, Sivakumar V, Mhangara P. 2021. Qualitative study on the observations of emissions, transport, and the influence of climatic factors from sugarcane burning: a south african perspective. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 18(14):7672. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18147672.
  • Shonkoff SB, Morello-Frosch R, Pastor M, Sadd J. 2011. The climate gap: environmental health and equity implications of climate change and mitigation policies in California—a review of the literature. Clim Change. 109(S1):485–503. doi: 10.1007/s10584-011-0310-7.
  • Silva FS, Cristale J, André PA, Saldiva PHN, Marchi MRR. 2010. PM2.5 and PM10: the influence of sugarcane burning on potential cancer risk. Atmos Environ. 44(39):5133–5138. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.09.001.
  • da Silva MJ, O. Neves L de, Correa MHF, de Souza CHW. 2021. Quality indexes and performance in mechanized harvesting of sugarcane at a burnt cane and green cane. Sugar Tech. 23(3):499–507. doi: 10.1007/s12355-021-00957-9.
  • Silva WKdM, Medeiros SEL, da Silva LP, Coelho Junior LM, Abrahão R. 2020. Sugarcane production and climate trends in Paraíba state (Brazil). Environ Monit Assess. 192(6):392. doi: 10.1007/s10661-020-08358-3.
  • Smpokou E-T, González-Quiroz M, Martins C, Alvito P, Le Blond J, Glaser J, Aragón A, Wesseling C, Nitsch D, Pearce N, et al. 2019. Environmental exposures in young adults with declining kidney function in a population at risk of Mesoamerican nephropathy. Occup Environ Med. 76(12):920–926. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2019-105772.
  • Sodeman WA. 1967. Bagasse disease of the lungs—after 25 years. Dis Chest. 52(4):505–507. doi: 10.1378/chest.52.4.505.
  • Sorensen CJ, Butler-Dawson J, Dally M, Krisher L, Griffin BR, Johnson RJ, Lemery J, Asensio C, Tenney L, Newman LS. 2019. Risk factors and mechanisms underlying cross-shift decline in kidney function in Guatemalan sugarcane workers. J Occup Environ Med. 61(3):239–250. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001529.
  • Souto-Oliveira CE, Marques MTA, Nogueira T, Lopes FJS, Medeiros JAG, Medeiros IMMA, Moreira GA, da Silva Dias PL, Landulfo E, Andrade MdF 2023. Impact of extreme wildfires from the Brazilian Forests and sugarcane burning on the air quality of the biggest megacity on South America. Sci Total Environ. 888:163439. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163439.
  • Souza DZ, Vasconcellos PC, Lee H, Aurela M, Saarnio K, Teinilä K, Hillamo R. 2014. Composition of PM2.5 and PM10 Collected at Urban Sites in Brazil. Aerosol Air Qual Res. 14(1):168–176. doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2013.03.0071.
  • Souza RA, Telles TS, Machado W, Hungria M, Filho JT, Guimarães MdF 2012. Effects of sugarcane harvesting with burning on the chemical and microbiological properties of the soil. Agric, Ecosyst Environ. 155:1–6. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2012.03.012.
  • Stem AD, Rogers KL, Roede JR, Roncal-Jimenez CA, Johnson RJ, Brown JM. 2023. Sugarcane ash and sugarcane ash-derived silica nanoparticles alter cellular metabolism in human proximal tubular kidney cells. Environ Pollut. 332:121951. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121951.
  • Thangavel P, Park D, Lee Y-C. 2022. Recent insights into particulate matter (PM2.5)-mediated toxicity in humans: an overview. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 19(12):7511. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19127511.
  • Toxicological Profile for Silica. 2019. Atlanta (GA): Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (US); [accessed 2024 Jan 18]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK592827/.
  • Vasconcellos PC, Souza DZ, Sanchez-Ccoyllo O, Bustillos JOV, Lee H, Santos FC, Nascimento KH, Araújo MP, Saarnio K, Teinilä K, et al. 2010. Determination of anthropogenic and biogenic compounds on atmospheric aerosol collected in urban, biomass burning and forest areas in São Paulo, Brazil. Sci Total Environ. 408(23):5836–5844. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.08.012.
  • Verma A, Meena R, Maurya A, Gaharwar US, Rajamani P. 2019. Identification, quantification and in-vitro genotoxicity of major polyaromatic hydrocarbons produced by Sugarcane Fly Ash emitted from Sugarmill. JEP. 10(10):1244–1261. doi: 10.4236/jep.2019.1010074.
  • Villar-Cociña E, Frías M, Valencia-Morales E. 2008. Sugar cane wastes as pozzolanic materials: applications of mathematical model [Internet]. [accessed 2023 Nov 17]. https://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/30458.
  • Voraphani N, Stern DA, Ledford JG, Spangenberg AL, Zhai J, Wright AL, Morgan WJ, Kraft M, Sherrill DL, Curtin JA, et al. 2023. Circulating CC16 and asthma: a population-based, multicohort study from early childhood through adult life. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 208(7):758–769. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202301-0041OC.
  • Walker A, Pope R, Orr RM. 2016. The impact of fire suppression tasks on firefighter hydration: a critical review with consideration of the utility of reported hydration measures. Ann of Occup and Environ Med. 28(1):63. doi: 10.1186/s40557-016-0152-x.
  • Wang C, Cai J, Chen R, Shi J, Yang C, Li H, Lin Z, Meng X, Liu C, Niu Y, et al. 2017. Personal exposure to fine particulate matter, lung function and serum club cell secretory protein (Clara). Environ Pollut. 225:450–455. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.02.068.
  • Waters KM, Masiello LM, Zangar RC, Tarasevich BJ, Karin NJ, Quesenberry RD, Bandyopadhyay S, Teeguarden JG, Pounds JG, Thrall BD. 2009. Macrophage responses to silica nanoparticles are highly conserved across particle sizes. Toxicol Sci. 107(2):553–569. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn250.
  • Wegman DH, Apelqvist J, Bottai M, Ekström U, García-Trabanino R, Glaser J, Hogstedt C, Jakobsson K, Jarquín E, Lucas RAI, et al. 2018. Intervention to diminish dehydration and kidney damage among sugarcane workers. Scand J Work Environ Health. 44(1):16–24. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3659.
  • Wesseling C, Aragón A, González M, Weiss I, Glaser J, Bobadilla NA, Roncal-Jiménez C, Correa-Rotter R, Johnson RJ, Barregard L. 2016. Kidney function in sugarcane cutters in Nicaragua–A longitudinal study of workers at risk of Mesoamerican nephropathy. Environ Res. 147:125–132. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.02.002.
  • Wesseling C, Aragón A, González M, Weiss I, Glaser J, Rivard CJ, Roncal-Jiménez C, Correa-Rotter R, Johnson RJ. 2016. Heat stress, hydration and uric acid: a cross-sectional study in workers of three occupations in a hotspot of Mesoamerican nephropathy in Nicaragua. BMJ Open. 6(12):e011034. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011034.
  • Wesseling C, van Wendel de Joode B, Crowe J, Rittner R, Sanati NA, Hogstedt C, Jakobsson K. 2015. Mesoamerican nephropathy: geographical distribution and time trends of chronic kidney disease mortality between 1970 and 2012 in Costa Rica. Occup Environ Med. 72(10):714–721. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102799.
  • Wijkström J, González-Quiroz M, Hernandez M, Trujillo Z, Hultenby K, Ring A, Söderberg M, Aragón A, Elinder C-G, Wernerson A. 2017. Renal morphology, clinical findings, and progression rate in Mesoamerican nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis. 69(5):626–636. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.10.036.
  • Xu Q, Ji T, Gao S-J, Yang Z, Wu N. 2018. Characteristics and applications of sugar cane bagasse ash waste in cementitious materials. Materials . 12(1):39. doi: 10.3390/ma12010039.
  • Zhang G, Ding C, Jiang X, Pan G, Wei X, Sun Y. 2020. Chemical compositions and sources contribution of atmospheric particles at a typical steel industrial urban site. Sci Rep. 10(1):7654. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64519-x.
  • Zhu JY, Pan X. 2022. Efficient sugar production from plant biomass: current status, challenges, and future directions. Renew Sust Energ Rev. 164:112583. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112583.
  • Zhuravlev LT. 2000. The surface chemistry of amorphous silica. Zhuravlev model. Colloids Surf, A. 173(1-3):1–38. doi: 10.1016/S0927-7757(00)00556-2.