References
- Mokdad AH, Marks JS, Stroup DF, Gerberding JL. Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000. JAMA. 2004;291(10):1238–1245. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.291.10.1238.
- Choi SH, Pohl JM, Terrell JE, Redman RW, Duffy SA. Factors associated with smoking among operating engineers. Workplace Health Saf. 2013;61(9):385–392. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/216507991306100903.
- Pronk NP, Anderson LH, Crain AL, et al. Meeting recommendations for multiple healthy lifestyle factors: Prevalence, clustering, and predictors among adolescent, adult, and senior health plan members. Am J Prev Med. 2004;27(2):25–33. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2004.04.022.
- Fine LJ, Philogene GS, Gramling R, Coups EJ, Sinha S. Prevalence of multiple chronic disease risk factors: 2001 National Health Interview Survey. Am J Prev Med. 2004;27(2):18–24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2004.04.017.
- Burke V, Zhao Y, Lee AH, et al. Health-related behaviours as predictors of mortality and morbidity in Australian Aborigines. Prev Med. 2007;44(2):135–142. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.09.008.
- Khaw K-T, Wareham N, Bingham S, Welch A, Luben R, Day N. Combined impact of health behaviours and mortality in men and women: the EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study. PLoS Med. 2008;5(1):e12. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050012.
- Manuel DG, Perez R, Sanmartin C, et al. Measuring burden of unhealthy behaviours using a multivariable predictive approach: life expectancy lost in Canada attributable to smoking, alcohol, physical inactivity, and diet. PLoS Med. 2016;13(8):e1002082. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002082.
- Kvaavik E, Batty GD, Ursin G, Huxley R, Gale CR. Influence of individual and combined health behaviors on total and cause-specific mortality in men and women: the United Kingdom health and lifestyle survey. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170(8):711–718. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2010.76.
- Shaw BA, Agahi N. A prospective cohort study of health behavior profiles after age 50 and mortality risk. BMC Public Health. 2012;12(1):803. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-803.
- Tamakoshi A, Tamakoshi K, Lin Y, Yagyu K, Kikuchi S, Group JS, JACC Study Group. Healthy lifestyle and preventable death: findings from the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study. Prev Med. 2009;48(5):486–492. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.02.017.
- Choi SH, Stommel M. Impact of age at smoking initiation on smoking-related morbidity and all-cause mortality. Am J Prev Med. 2017;53(1):33–41. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2016.12.009.
- Choi SH, Terrell JE, Bradford CR, et al. Does quitting smoking make a difference among newly diagnosed head and neck cancer patients? Nicotine Tob Res. 2016;18(12):2216–2224. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntw189.
- Choi SH, Terrell JE, Fowler KE, et al. Socioeconomic and other demographic disparities predicting survival among head and neck cancer patients. PLoS One. 2016;11(3):e0149886. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149886.
- Borrell LN, Lancet EA. Race/ethnicity and all-cause mortality in US adults: Revisiting the hispanic paradox. Am J Public Health. 2012;102(5):836–843. doi:https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2011.300345.
- Aizer AA, Chen M-H, McCarthy EP, et al. Marital status and survival in patients with cancer. JCO. 2013;31(31):3869–3876. doi:https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2013.49.6489.
- Flores G, Abreu M, Tomany-Korman SC. Limited English proficiency, primary language at home, and disparities in children's health care: how language barriers are measured matters. Public Health Rep. 2005;120(4):418–430. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/003335490512000409.
- Lyon SM, Benson NM, Cooke CR, Iwashyna TJ, Ratcliffe SJ, Kahn JM. The effect of insurance status on mortality and procedural use in critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;184(7):809–815. doi:https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201101-0089OC.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. ed. Healthy People 2010: Understanding and Improving Health. 2nd ed. Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of smoking—50 years of progress: A report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Coordinating Center for Health Promotion, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health. 2014. (Book, Whole).
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Service. Preventing Tobacco Use among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2012.
- National Center for Health Statistics. 2000 National health interview survey: US Department of Health and Human Services. National Health Interview Survey, 2000. https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/NACDA/studies/3381.
- Kenfield SA, Stampfer MJ, Rosner BA, Colditz GA. Smoking and smoking cessation in relation to mortality in Women. JAMA. 2008;299(17):2037–2047. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.299.17.2037.
- NIAAA. Rethinking drinking. Alcohol and your health. 2016. https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/RethinkingDrinking/Rethinking_Drinking.pdf.
- Rao TSS, Andrade C. Alcohol intake, morbidity, and mortality. Indian J Psychiatry. 2016;58(1):1–3. doi:https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.174352.
- CDC PAGAC. Physical activity guidelines advisory committee report, 2008. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, 2008; A1–H14.
- Flegal KM, Kit BK, Orpana H, Graubard BI. Association of all-cause mortality with overweight and obesity using standard body mass index categories: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2013;309(1):71–82. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.113905.
- Lee S, Nguyen HA, Tsui J. Interview language: A proxy measure for acculturation among Asian Americans in a population-based survey. J Immigr Minor Health. 2011;13(2):244–252. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-009-9278-z.
- Kleinbaum DG, Klein M. Survival Analysis: A Self-Learning Text. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2012.
- Griffin B, Sherman KA, Jones M, Bayl-Smith P. The clustering of health behaviours in older australians and its association with physical and psychological status, and sociodemographic indicators. Ann Behav Med. 2014;48(2):205–214. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-014-9589-8.
- Chartier K, Caetano R. Ethnicity and health disparities in alcohol research. Alcohol Res Health. 2010;33(1–2):152–160.
- Duffy SA, Ronis DL, Valenstein M, et al. A tailored smoking, alcohol, and depression intervention for head and neck cancer patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006;15(11):2203–2208. doi:https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0880.
- Prochaska JJ, Hall SM, Humfleet G, et al. Physical activity as a strategy for maintaining tobacco abstinence: A randomized trial. Prev Med. 2008;47(2):215–220. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.05.006.
- Sorensen G, Barbeau EM, Stoddard AM, et al. Tools for health: the efficacy of a tailored intervention targeted for construction laborers. Cancer Causes Control. 2007;18(1):51–59. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-006-0076-9.
- Adams SA, Matthews CE, Ebbeling CB, et al. The effect of social desirability and social approval on self-reports of physical activity. Am J Epidemiol. 2005;161(4):389–398. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwi054.
- Stommel M, Schoenborn CA. Accuracy and usefulness of BMI measures based on self-reported weight and height: findings from the NHANES & NHIS 2001–2006. BMC Public Health. 2009;9(1):421. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-9-421.
- Ramo DE, Hall SM, Prochaska JJ. Reliability and validity of self-reported smoking in an anonymous online survey with young adults. Health Psychol. 2011;30(6):693–701. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023443.