446
Views
56
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

Transdermal applications of ethosomes – a detailed review

ORCID Icon, , &
Pages 103-113 | Received 09 May 2018, Accepted 21 Aug 2018, Published online: 12 Oct 2018

References

  • Abdulbaqi, I.M., et al. 2016. Ethosomal nanocarriers: the impact of constituents and formulation techniques on ethosomal properties, in vivo studies, and clinical trials. International journal of nanomedicine, 11, 2279–2304.
  • Aggarwal, N. and Goindi, S., 2013. Dermato pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of ethosomes of griseofulvin designed for dermal delivery. Journal of nanoparticle research, 15 (10), 1983.
  • Ahad, A., et al. 2013a. Enhanced transdermal delivery of an anti-hypertensive agent via nanoethosomes: statistical optimization, characterization and pharmacokinetic assessment. International journal of pharmaceutics, 443 (1–2), 26–38.
  • Ahad, A., et al. 2013b. Enhanced transdermal delivery of an anti-hypertensive agent via nanoethosomes: statistical optimization, characterization and pharmacokinetic assessment. International journal of pharmaceutics, 443 (1–2), 26–38.
  • Ahad, A., et al. 2014. Enhanced anti-inflammatory activity of carbopol loaded meloxicam nanoethosomes gel. International journal of biological macromolecules, 67, 99–104.
  • Ahad, A., et al. 2015. Nano vesicular lipid carriers of angiotensin II receptor blocker: anti-hypertensive and skin toxicity study in focus. Artif cells nanomed biotechnol, 44, 1002–1007.
  • Ainbinder, D. and Touitou, E., 2011. A new approach for skin tumor treatment: from delivery system characterization to in vivo evaluation. Drug delivery and translational research, 1 (1), 53–65.
  • Ainbinder, D., et al. 2010. Drug delivery applications with ethosomes. Journal of biomedical nanotechnology, 6 (5), 558–568.
  • Akhtar, N., 2014. Vesicles: a recently developed novel carrier for enhanced topical drug delivery. Current drug delivery, 11 (1), 87–97.
  • Akhtar, N., and Pathak, K., 2012. Cavamax W7 composite ethosomal gel of clotrimazole for improved topical delivery: development and comparison with ethosomal gel. AAPS pharmscitech, 13 (1), 344–355.
  • Ascenso, A., et al. 2013. Lycopene from tomatoes: vesicular nanocarrier formulations for dermal delivery. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 61 (30), 7284–7293.
  • Ascenso, A., Raposo, S., and Batista, C., 2015. Development, characterization, and skin delivery studies of related ultradeformable vesicles: transfersomes, ethosomes, and transethosomes. International journal of nanomedicine, 10, 5837–5851.
  • Bagatell, C., and Bremner, W., 1996. Androgens in men-uses and abuses. The new England journal of medicine, 334 (11), 707–714.
  • Bendas, E.R., and Tadros, M.I., 2007. Enhanced transdermal delivery of salbutamol sulfate via ethosomes. AAPS pharmscitech, 8 (4), 213.
  • Bhosale, S.S., and Avachat, A.M., 2013. Design and development of ethosomal transdermal drug delivery system of valsartan with preclinical assessment in Wistar albino rats. The journal of liposome research, 23 (2), 119–125.
  • Bodade, S.S., et al. 2013. A study on ethosomes as mode for transdermal delivery of an antidiabetic drug. Drug delivery, 20 (1), 40–46.
  • Bragagni, M., et al. 2012. Comparative study of liposomes, transfersomes and ethosomes as carriers for improving topical delivery of celecoxib. Drug delivery, 19 (7), 354–361.
  • Celia, C., et al. 2009. TurbiscanLab® Expert analysis of the stability of ethosomes® and ultradeformable liposomes containing a bilayer fluidizing agent. Colloids and surfaces B, biointerfaces, 72 (1), 155–160.
  • Celia, C., et al. 2011. Ethosomes and transfersomes containing linoleic acid: physicochemical and technological features of topical drug delivery carriers for the potential treatment of melasma disorders. Biomedical microdevices, 6, 105–111.
  • Cevc, G., 1996. Transferosomes, liposomes and other lipid suspensions on the skin: permeation enhancement, vesicle penetration, and transdermal drug delivery. Critical reviews in therapeutic drug carrier systems, 13 (3–4), 257–388.
  • Chang, L.W., Hou, M.L., and Tsai, T.H., 2014. Silymarin in liposomes and ethosomes: pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution in free-moving rats by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 62 (48), 11657–11665.
  • Chen, J.G., Liu, Y.F., and Gao, T.W., 2010. Preparation and anti-inflammatory activity of triptolide ethosomes in an erythema model. Journal of liposome research, 20 (4), 297–303.
  • Chen, M., et al. 2014a. Topical delivery of hyaluronic acid into skin using SPACE-peptide carriers. Journal of controlled release, 173, 67–74.
  • Chen, M., et al. 2014b. Topical delivery of siRNA into skin using SPACE-peptide carriers. Journal of controlled release, 179, 33–41.
  • Chertin, B., et al. 2006. The efficiency of topical treatment with ethosomal PGE1 formulation in erectile dysfunction patients. Proceedings annual meeting of Israeli urological association, Eilat, Israel.
  • Chourasia, M.K., Kang, L., and Chan, S.Y., 2011. Nanosized ethosomes bearing ketoprofen for improved transdermal delivery. Results in pharma sciences, 1 (1), 60–67.
  • Coelho, F.L., Rodembusch, F.S., and Campo, L.F., 2014. Synthesis, characterization and photophysics of new photoactive ESIPT lipophilic dyes: partition experiments with different composed liposomes. Dyes and pigments, 110, 134–142.
  • Dave, V., et al. 2010. Ethosome for enhanced transdermal drug delivery of aceclofenac. International journal of drug delivery, 2 (1), 81–92.
  • Dayan, N., and Touitou, E., 2000. Carriers for skin delivery of trihexyphenidyl HCl: ethosomes vs. liposomes. Biomaterials, 21 (18), 1879–1885.
  • de la Presa, P., et al. 2009. Gold nanoparticles generated in ethosome bilayers, as revealed by cryo-electron-tomography. The journal of physical chemistry B, 113 (10), 3051–3057.
  • Dileep, P., Vijaya Vani, C.H.S., and Maheshwar Rao, V.U., 2015. Formulation and evaluation of itraconazole ethosomal gel. International journal of pharmacy review and research, 5 (2), 85–94.
  • Dkeidek, I., and Touitou, E., 1999. Transdermal absorption of polypeptides. AAPS pharm science, 1, S202.
  • Dobs, A., et al. 1999. Pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of a permeation-enhanced testosterone transdermal system in comparison with bi-weekly injections of testosterone enanthate for the treatment of hypogonadal men. The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 84 (10), 3469–3478.
  • Dubey, V., et al. 2010. Enhanced transdermal delivery of an anti-HIV agent via ethanolic liposomes. Nanomedicine: nanotechnology, biology, and medicine, 6 (4), 590–596.
  • Dubey, V., Mishra, D., and Jain, N.K., 2007. Melatonin loaded ethanolic liposomes: physicochemical characterization and enhanced transdermal delivery. European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics, 67 (2), 398–405.
  • Elnaggar, Y.S., et al. 2014. Lecithin-based nanostructured gels for skin delivery: an update on state of art and recent applications. Journal of controlled release, 180, 10–24.
  • Elsayed, M.M., et al. 2007. Lipid vesicles for skin delivery of drugs: reviewing three decades of research. International journal of pharmaceutics, 332 (1–2), 1–16.
  • Esposito, E., Menegatti, E., and Cortesi, R., 2004. Ethosomes and liposomes as topical vehicles for azelaic acid: a preformulation study. Journal of cosmetic science, 55 (3), 253–264.
  • Fan, C., et al. 2013. Enhanced topical delivery of tetrandrine by ethosomes for treatment of arthritis. Biomed research international, 2013, 161943.
  • Fang, Y.P., et al. 2008. Comparison of 5-aminolevulinic acid-encapsulated liposome versus ethosome for skin delivery for photodynamic therapy. International journal of pharmaceutics, 356 (1–2), 144–152.
  • Garg, B.J., et al. 2016. Nanosized ethosomes-based hydrogel formulations of methoxsalen for enhanced topical delivery against vitiligo: formulation optimization, in vitro evaluation and preclinical assessment. Journal of drug targeting, 24 (3), 233–246.
  • Garg, V., et al. 2017. Ethosomes and transfersomes: principles, perspectives and practices. Current drug delivery, 14 (5), 613–633.
  • Godin, B., Alcabez, M., and Touitou, E., 1999. Minoxidil and erythromycin targeted to pilosebaceous units by delivery systems [abstract]. Acta technology legis medicine, 10, 107.
  • Godin, B., and Touitou, E., 2003. Ethosomes: new prospects in transdermal delivery. Critical reviews in therapeutic drug carrier systems, 20 (1), 63.
  • Godin, B., and Touitou, E., 2004. Mechanism of bacitracin permeation enhancement through the skin and cellular membranes from an ethosomal carrier. The journal of controlled release, 94 (2–3), 365–379.
  • Godin, B., and Touitou, E., 2005. Erythromycin ethosomal systems: physicochemical characterization and enhanced antibacterial activity. Current drug delivery, 2 (3), 269–275.
  • Godin, B., et al. 2005. A new approach for treatment of deep skin infections by an ethosomal antibiotic preparation: an in vivo study. Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 55 (6), 989–994.
  • Goindi, S., Dhatt, B., and Kaur, A., 2014. Ethosomes-based topical delivery system of antihistaminic drug for treatment of skin allergies. Journal of microencapsulation, 31 (7), 716–724.
  • Gunjan, J., and Swarnlata, S., 2014. Topical delivery of Curcuma longa extract loaded nanosized ethosomes to combat facial wrinkles. Journal of pharmaceutics & drug delivery research, 3, 2–8.
  • Guo, F., et al. 2015. Skin targeted lipid vesicles as novel nano-carrier of ketoconazole: characterization, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Journal of materials science: materials in medicine, 26 (4), 175.
  • Heydari, S., et al. 2017. nanoethosomal formulation of gammaoryzanol for skin-aging protection and wrinkle improvement: a histopathological study. Drug development and industrial pharmacy, 43 (7), 1154–1162.
  • Horwitz, E., et al. 1999. A clinical evaluation of a novel liposomal carrier for acyclovir in the topical treatment of recurrent herpes labialis. Oral surgery oral medicine oral pathology oral radiology, 87 (6), 700–705.
  • Indira, S., Reddymalla, P., and Srinivas, P., 2015. Formulation and evaluation of ethosomal topical gels of etoricoxib. International journal for pharmaceutical research scholars, 4, 93–103.
  • Indora, N., and Kaushik, D., 2015. Design, development and evaluation of ethosomal gel of fluconazole for topical fungal infection. International journal of engineering science invention research & development, 1 (8), 280–306.
  • Jain, S., et al. 2015. Quality by design approach for formulation, evaluation and statistical optimization of diclofenac-loaded ethosomes via transdermal route. Pharmaceutical development and technology, 20 (4), 473–489.
  • Kaur, C.D., and Saraf, S., 2011. Topical vesicular formulations of Curcuma longa extract on recuperating the ultraviolet radiation-damaged skin. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 10 (4), 260–265.
  • Li, G., et al. 2012. Tacrolimus-loaded ethosomes: physicochemical characterization and in vivo evaluation. European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics, 82 (1), 49–57.
  • Limsuwan, T., and Amnuaikit, T., 2012. Development of ethosomes containing mycophenolic acid. Procedia chemistry, 4, 328–335.
  • Limsuwan, T., et al. 2017. Ethosomes of phenylethyl resorcinol as vesicular delivery system for skin lightening applications. Biomed research international, 2017, 1.
  • Liu, X., et al. 2011a. Pharmacokinetics of ligustrazine ethosome patch in rats and anti-myocardial ischemia and anti-ischemic reperfusion injury effect. International journal of nanomedicine, 6, 1391–1398.
  • Liu, X., et al. 2011b. Preparation of a ligustrazine ethosome patch and its evaluation in vitro and in vivo. International journal of nanomedicine, 6, 241–247.
  • Lodzki, M., et al. 2003. Cannabidiol – transdermal delivery and anti-inflammatory effect in a murine model. Journal of controlled release, 93 (3), 377–387.
  • López-Pinto, J.M., González-Rodríguez, M.L., and Rabasco, A.M., 2005. Effect of cholesterol and ethanol on dermal delivery from DPPC liposomes. International journal of pharmaceutics, 298 (1), 1–14.
  • Ma, M., et al. 2015. Development of nanovesicular systems for dermal imiquimod delivery: physicochemical characterization and in vitro/in vivo evaluation. Journal of materials science: materials in medicine, 26 (6), 192.
  • Maestrelli, F., et al. 2009. Effect of preparation technique on the properties and in vivo efficacy of benzocaine-loaded ethosomes. Journal of liposome research, 19 (4), 253–260.
  • Mahmood, I., and Sahajwalla, C., 1999. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of buspirone, an anxiolytic drug. Clinical pharmacokinetics, 36 (4), 277–287.
  • Mbah, C., et al. 2014b. Formulation and in vitro evaluation of pH-responsive ethosomes for vaginal delivery of metronidazole. The journal of drug delivery science and technology, 24 (6), 565–571.
  • Mbah, C.C., Builders, P.F., and Attama, A.A., 2014a. Nanovesicular carriers as alternative drug delivery systems: ethosomes in focus. Expert opinion on drug delivery, 11 (1), 45–59.
  • Mishra, D., et al. 2010. Comparative evaluation of hepatitis B surface antigen–loaded elastic liposomes and ethosomes for human dendritic cell uptake and immune response. Nanomedicine: nanotechnology, biology, and medicine, 6 (1), 110–118.
  • Mohammed, M.I., et al. 2015. Transdermal delivery of vancomycin hydrochloride using combination of nano-ethosomes and iontophoresis: in vitro and in vivo study. Drug delivery, 2, 1–7.
  • Na, B., Choi, B.W., and Kim, B., 2013. Size and CT density of iodine-containing ethosomal vesicles obtained by membrane extrusion: potential for use as CT contrast agents. Biotechnology journal, 8 (11), 1347–1353.
  • Nagadevi, B., et al. 2014. Formulation and characterization of tizanidine hydrochloride loaded ethosomes patch. International journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences, 6 (4), 199–205.
  • Nakhla, T., Marek, M., and Kovalcik, T., 2002. Issues associated with large-scale production of liposomal formulations. Drug development & delivery, 2, 1–6.
  • Ohlsen, R.I., and Pilowsky, L.S., 2005. The place of partial agonism in psychiatry: recent developments. Journal of psychopharmacology, 19 (4), 408–413.
  • Padula, C., et al. 2005. The influence of iontophoresis on acyclovir transport and accumulation in rabbit ear skin. Pharmaceutical research, 22 (9), 1519–1524.
  • Paolina, D., Ainbinder, D., and Touitou, E., 2005. Testosterone ethosomes for enhanced transdermal delivery. Drug delivery, 12 (5), 297–303.
  • Paolino, D., et al. 2005. Ethosomes for skin delivery of ammonium glycyrrhizinate: in vitro percutaneous permeation through human skin and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity on human volunteers. Journal of controlled release, 106 (1–2), 99–110.
  • Park, S., Lee, H., and Gu, H., 2014. Enhanced skin delivery and characterization of rutin-loaded ethosomes. Korean journal of chemical engineering, 31 (3), 485–489.
  • Prasanthi, D., and Lakshmi, P.K., 2013. Statistically optimised ethosomes for transdermal delivery of tolterodine tartrate. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 26 (6), 1117–1122.
  • Prausnitz, M.R., and Langer, R., 2008. Transdermal drug delivery. Nature biotechnology, 26 (11), 1261–1268.
  • Puri, R., and Jain, S., 2012. Ethogel topical formulation for increasing the local bioavailability of 5-fluorouracil: a mechanistic study, Anticancer drugs, 23 (9), 1–934.
  • Rakesh, R., and Anoop, K.R., 2012. Formulation and optimization of nano-sized ethosomes for enhanced transdermal delivery of cromolyn sodium. Journal of pharmacy and bioallied sciences, 4 (4), 333.
  • Rao, Y., et al. 2008. In vitro percutaneous permeation and skin accumulation of finasteride using vesicular ethosomal carriers. AAPS pharmscitech, 9 (3), 860–865.
  • Raza, K., et al. 2013. Nano-lipoidal carriers of tretinoin with enhanced percutaneous absorption, photostability, biocompatibility and anti-psoriatic activity. International journal of pharmaceutics, 456 (1), 65–72.
  • Sage, B. H., 1995. Iontophoresis. In: E.W. Smith, H.I. Maibach, eds. Percutaneous penetration enhancers. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 351–369.
  • Sage, B. H., et al. 1993. The importance of skin pH in iontophoresis of peptides, prediction percutaneous penetration. In: K. Brain, V. James, and KA Walters, eds. Cardiff: STS Publishing, 410–418.
  • Sakr, A., and Andheria, M., 2001. A comparative multidose pharmacokinetic study of buspirone extended-release tablets with a reference immediate-release product. The journal of clinical pharmacology, 41 (8), 886–894.
  • Salmannejad, F., Ghari, T., and Toliyat, T., 2015. Formulation and evaluation of ethosomes for transdermal delivery of clonazepam. International journal of biosciences, 6 (5), 308–316.
  • Sarwa, K.K., et al. 2014. Penetration of tamoxifen citrate loaded ethosomes and liposomes across human skin: a comparative study with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Current drug delivery, 11 (3), 332–337.
  • Schoellhammer, C.M., Blankschtein, D., and Langer, R., 2014. Skin permeabilization for transdermal drug delivery: recent advances and future prospects. Expert opinion on drug delivery, 11 (3), 393–407.
  • Sebastian, M., Ninan, N., and Haghi, A. K., 2012. Nanomedicine and drug delivery. Waretown, NJ: Apple Academic Press.
  • Shen, L.N., et al. 2014. Enhanced in vitro and in vivo skin deposition of apigenin delivered using ethosomes. The international journal of pharmaceutics, 460 (1–2), 280–288.
  • Shen, S., Liu, S.Z., and Zhang, Y.S., 2015. Compound antimalarial ethosomal cataplasm: preparation, evaluation, and mechanism of penetration enhancement. The international journal of nanomedicine, 10, 4239–4253.
  • Shin, H., et al. 2014. Synthesis and characterization of ethosomal contrast agents containing iodine for computed tomography (CT) imaging applications. Journal of liposome research, 24 (2), 124–129.,
  • Shumilov, M., and Touitou, E., 2010. Buspirone transdermal administration for menopausal syndromes, in vitro and in animal model studies. The international journal of pharmaceutics, 387 (1–2), 26–33.
  • Shumilov, M., et al. 2010. Ibuprofen transdermal ethosomal gel: characterization and efficiency in animal models. Journal of biomedical nanotechnology, 6 (5), 569–576.
  • Song, C.K., et al. 2012. A novel vesicular carrier, transethosome, for enhanced skin delivery of voriconazole: characterization and in vitro/in vivo evaluation. Colloids and surfaces B: biointerfaces, 92, 299–304.
  • Tachibana, K., 1992. Transdermal delivery of insulin to alloxan-diabetic rabbits by ultrasound exposure. Pharmaceutical research, 9, 952–954.
  • Touitou, B.G., et al. 2008. Efficacy and tolerability of clindamycin phosphate and salicylic acid gel in the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris. Journal of the European academy of dermatology and venereology, 22 (5), 629–631.
  • Touitou, E., et al. 2000a. Ethosomes-novel vesicular carriers for enhanced delivery: characterization and skin penetration properties. Journal of Controlled Release, 65 (3), 403–418.
  • Touitou, E., et al. 2001. Intracellular delivery mediated by an ethosomal carrier. Biomaterials, 22 (22), 3053.
  • Touitou, E., Godin, B., and Weiss, C., 2000b. Enhanced delivery of drugs into and across the skin by ethosomal carriers. Drug development research, 50 (3–4), 406–415.
  • Touitou, E., 1996. Compositions for applying active substances to or through the skin United States patent US 5540934 A, 30 July.
  • Touitou, E., 1998. Compositions for applying active substances to or through the skin. United States patents US 5716638, 10 February.
  • Tunnicliff, G., 1991. Molecular basis of buspirone’s anxiolitic action. Pharmacology & toxicology, 69 (3), 149–156.
  • Usama, AF., 2015. Nanoethosomal transdermal delivery of vardenafil for treatment of erectile dysfunction: optimization, characterization, and in vivo evaluation. Drug design, development and therapy, 9, 6129–6137.
  • Verma, D.D., and Fahr, A., 2004. Synergistic penetration enhancement effect of ethanol and phospholipids on the topical delivery of cyclosporine A. Journal of controlled release, 97 (1), 55–66.
  • Verma, P., and Pathak, K., 2012. Nanosized ethanolic vesicles loaded with econazole nitrate for the treatment of deep fungal infections through topical gel formulation. Nanomedicine, 8 (4), 489–496.
  • Verma, P., and Ram, A., 2011. Effect of different penetration enhancers on skin permeation of drug using ethosomal carrier systems. Journal of current pharmaceutical research, 5 (1), 42–44.
  • Worral, G., 1991. Topical aciclovir for recurrent herpes labialis in primary care. Canadian family physician, 37, 92–98.
  • Yang, L., et al. 2017. Mechanism of transdermal permeation promotion of lipophilic drugs by ethosomes. International journal of nanomedicine, 12, 3357–3364.
  • Yeh, M.I., et al. 2013. Ethosomes in hair dye products as carriers of the major compounds of black tea extracts. International journal of dermatology, 52 (7), 868–875.
  • Yu, X., et al. 2015. Improved anti-melanoma effect of a transdermal mitoxantrone ethosome gel. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy, 73, 6–11.
  • Zhang, J.P., et al. 2012. Ethosomes, binary ethosomes and transfersomes of terbinafine hydrochloride: a comparative study. Archives of pharmacal research, 35 (1), 109–117.
  • Zhang, Y.T., et al. 2014. Comparison of ethosomes and liposomes for skin delivery of psoralen for psoriasis therapy. The international journal of pharmaceutics, 471 (1–2), 449–452.
  • Zhao, Y.Z., et al. 2013. Selection of high efficient transdermal lipid vesicle for curcumin skin delivery. The international journal of pharmaceutics, 454 (1), 302–309.
  • Zhaowu, Z., et al. 2009. Preparation of matrine ethosome, its percutaneous permeation in vitro and anti-inflammatory activity in vivo in rats. Journal of liposome research, 19 (2), 155–162.
  • Zhou, Y., et al. 2010. Preparation and in vitro evaluation of ethosomal total alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides loaded by a transmembrane pH-gradient method. AAPS pharmscitech, 11 (3), 1350–1358.
  • Zhu, X., et al. 2013. Formulation and evaluation of lidocaine base ethosomes for transdermal delivery. Anesthesia and analgesia, 117 (2), 352–357.
  • Zitzmann, M., and Nieschlag, E., 2000. Hormone substitution in male hypogonadism. Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 161 (1–2), 73–88.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.