Design, optimization, characterization, and in vivo evaluation of sterosomes as a carrier of metformin for treatment of lung cancer

References

• Abdelrahim, M.E., 2011. Aerodynamic characteristics of nebulized terbutaline sulphate using the Andersen Cascade Impactor compared to the Next Generation Impactor. Pharmaceutical development and technology, 16 (2), 137–145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arrieta, O., et al., 2016. Metformin use and its effect on survival in diabetic patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. BMC cancer, 16, 633.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashinuma, H., et al., 2012. Antiproliferative action of metformin in human lung cancer cell lines. Oncology reports, 28 (1), 8–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanco, E., et al., 2011. Nanomedicine in cancer therapy: innovative trends and prospects. Cancer science, 102 (7), 1247–1252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonanni, B., et al., 2012. Dual effect of metformin on breast cancer proliferation in a randomized presurgical trial. Journal of clinical oncology, 30 (21), 2593–2600.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carvalho, C., et al., 2008. Metformin promotes isolated rat liver mitochondria impairment. Molecular and cellular biochemistry, 308 (1–2), 75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, A., 2011. Chemotherapy, chemoresistance and the changing treatment landscape for NSCLC. Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 71 (1), 3–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chlebowski, R.T., Aiello, E., and Mctiernan, A., 2002. Weight loss in breast cancer patient management. Journal of clinical oncology: official journal of the american society of clinical oncology, 20 (4), 1128–1143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui, Z.-K., et al., 2015. Delivery of siRNA via cationic sterosomes to enhance osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Journal of controlled release: official journal of the controlled release society, 217, 42–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui, Z.-K., et al., 2017. Design and characterization of a therapeutic non-phospholipid liposomal nanocarrier with osteoinductive characteristics to promote bone formation. ACS nano, 11 (8), 8055–8063.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cullen, E., et al., 2004. Pharmacokinetics and dose proportionality of extended‐release metformin following administration of 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 mg in healthy volunteers. Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition, 25, 261–263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson, M.B. and Peters, A., 1997. An overview of metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The American journal of medicine, 102 (1), 99–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demetzos, C., 2008. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC): a tool to study the thermal behavior of lipid bilayers and liposomal stability. Journal of liposome research, 18 (3), 159–173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desai, T.R., Hancock, R.E., and Finlay, W.H., 2002. A facile method of delivery of liposomes by nebulization. Journal of controlled release, 84 (1–2), 69–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Divakar, P., et al., 2013. Formulation and in vitro evaluation of liposomes containing metformin hydrochloride. Acta pharmaceutica, 4, 479–485.
   Google Scholar
• Dunn, C.J. and Peters, D., 1995. Metformin. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Drugs, 49 (5), 721–749.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Mir, M.-Y., et al., 2000. Dimethylbiguanide inhibits cell respiration via an indirect effect targeted on the respiratory chain complex I. Journal of biological chemistry, 275 (1), 223–228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, J.M., et al., 2005. Metformin and reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients. Bmj (Clinical Research ed.), 330 (7503), 1304–1305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foretz, M., et al., 2014. Metformin: from mechanisms of action to therapies. Cell metabolism, 20 (6), 953–966.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garbuzenko, O.B., et al., 2014. Inhalation treatment of lung cancer: the influence of composition, size and shape of nanocarriers on their lung accumulation and retention. Cancer biology &Amp; medicine, 11 (1), 44.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garbuzenko, O.B., et al., 2009. Intratracheal versus intravenous liposomal delivery of siRNA, antisense oligonucleotides and anticancer drug. Pharmaceutical research, 26 (2), 382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garbuzenko, O.B., et al., 2010. Inhibition of lung tumor growth by complex pulmonary delivery of drugs with oligonucleotides as suppressors of cellular resistance. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 107 (23), 10737–10742.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodwin, P.J., et al., 2012. Insulin- and obesity-related variables in early-stage breast cancer: correlations and time course of prognostic associations. Journal of clinical oncology, 30 (2), 164–171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodwin, P.J., et al., 2011. Evaluation of metformin in early breast cancer: a modification of the traditional paradigm for clinical testing of anti-cancer agents. Breast cancer research and treatment, 126 (1), 215–220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham, G.G., et al., 2011. Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin. Clinical pharmacokinetics, 50 (2), 81–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadad, S., et al., 2011. Evidence for biological effects of metformin in operable breast cancer: a pre-operative, window-of-opportunity, randomized trial. Breast cancer research and treatment, 128 (3), 783–794.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henriksen, I., et al., 1995. In vitro evaluation of drug release kinetics from liposomes by fractional dialysis. International journal of pharmaceutics, 119 (2), 231–238.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higurashi, T., et al., 2012. Metformin efficacy and safety for colorectal polyps: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. BMC cancer, 12, 118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinton, B.V., Adedeji, D.A., and Payne, G.E., 2017. In-vitro antiproliferative analysis of metformin hydrochloride on androgen-sensitive, LNCAP and androgen-insensitive, PC-3 human prostate cancer cell lines. Pharmacology &Amp; pharmacy, 8, 85.
   Google Scholar
• Hosono, K., et al., 2010. Metformin suppresses colorectal aberrant crypt foci in a short-term clinical trial. Cancer prevention research, 3, 1077–1083.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jinturkar, K.A., et al., 2012. Liposomal formulations of Etoposide and Docetaxel for p53 mediated enhanced cytotoxicity in lung cancer cell lines. Biomaterials, 33 (8), 2492–2507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kourelis, T.V. and Siegel, R.D., 2012. Metformin and cancer: new applications for an old drug. Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England), 29 (2), 1314–1327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuzmov, A. and Minko, T., 2015. Nanotechnology approaches for inhalation treatment of lung diseases. Journal of controlled release, 219, 500–518.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, W.-H., et al., 2015. Inhalation of nanoparticle-based drug for lung cancer treatment: advantages and challenges. Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 10 (6), 481–489.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Q., et al., 2016. Effect of ondansetron on metformin pharmacokinetics and response in healthy subjects. Drug metabolism and disposition, 115, 067223.
   Google Scholar
• Li, Z., et al., 2008. Characterization of nebulized liposomal amikacin (Arikace™) as a function of droplet size. Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery, 21 (3), 245–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, C., et al., 2016. Properties of nanocellulose isolated from corncob residue using sulfuric acid, formic acid, oxidative and mechanical methods. Carbohydrate polymers, 151, 716–724.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopes, L., et al., 2004. Studies on the encapsulation of diclofenac in small unilamellar liposomes of soya phosphatidylcholine. Colloids and surfaces B: biointerfaces, 39 (4), 151–158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin-Castillo, B., et al., 2010. Metformin and cancer: doses, mechanisms and the dandelion and hormetic phenomena. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.), 9 (6), 1057–1064.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathias, N.R. and Hussain, M., 2010. Non-invasive systemic drug delivery: developability considerations for alternate routes of administration. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 99 (1), 1–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menendez, J.A., et al., 2014. Oncobiguanides: Paracelsus' law and nonconventional routes for administering diabetobiguanides for cancer treatment. Oncotarget, 5, 2344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minko, T., Rodriguez-Rodriguez, L., and Pozharov, V., 2013. Nanotechnology approaches for personalized treatment of multidrug resistant cancers. Advanced drug delivery reviews, 65 (13–14), 1880–1895.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, J.P., et al., 2003. Aerodynamic particle size analysis of aerosols from pressurized metered-dose inhalers: comparison of Andersen 8-stage cascade impactor, next generation pharmaceutical impactor, and model 3321 aerodynamic particle sizer aerosol spectrometer. AAPS PharmSciTech, 4, 425–433.
   Google Scholar
• Monforte, V., et al., 2009. Nebulized liposomal amphotericin B prophylaxis for Aspergillus infection in lung transplantation: pharmacokinetics and safety. Journal of heart and lung transplantation, 28, 170–175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nii, T., and Ishii, F., 2005. Encapsulation efficiency of water-soluble and insoluble drugs in liposomes prepared by the microencapsulation vesicle method. International journal of pharmaceutics, 298 (1), 198–205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owen, M.R., Doran, E., and Halestrap, A.P., 2000. Evidence that metformin exerts its anti-diabetic effects through inhibition of complex 1 of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Biochemical journal, 348 (3), 607–614.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patton, J.S., Fishburn, C.S., and Weers, J., 2004. The lungs as a portal of entry for systemic drug delivery. Proceedings of the American thoracic society, 1 (4), 338–344.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pellegrino, R., et al., 2005. Interpretative strategies for lung function tests. The European respiratory journal, 26 (5), 948–968.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng, M., et al., 2017. Combination of metformin with chemotherapeutic drugs via different molecular mechanisms. Cancer treatment reviews, 54, 24–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pentikäinen, P.J. 1986. Bioavailability of metformin. Comparison of solution, rapidly dissolving tablet, and three sustained release products. International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology, 24, 213–220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porta, V., et al., 2008. HPLC-UV determination of metformin in human plasma for application in pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence studies. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 46 (1), 143–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robert, F., et al., 2003. Kinetics of plasma and erythrocyte metformin after acute administration in healthy subjects. Diabetes & metabolism, 29, 279–283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sambol, N.C., et al., 1996. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metformin in healthy subjects and patients with noninsulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. Journal of clinical pharmacology, 36, 1012–1021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, M., et al., 2014. The Interplay of AMP-activated protein kinase and androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells. Journal of cellular physiology, 229 (6), 688–695.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skehan, P., et al., 1990. New colorimetric cytotoxicity assay for anticancer-drug screening. Journal of the national cancer institute, 82 (13), 1107–1112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, X., et al., 2017. Liposomes co-loaded with metformin and chlorin e6 modulate tumor hypoxia during enhanced photodynamic therapy. Nano research, 10 (4), 1200–1212.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sridhar, A., Jithan, A., and Malla Reddy, V., 2008. Comparative pharmacokinetics of free and liposome-encapsulated catechin after intravenous and intraperitoneal administration. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 1, 152–159.
   Google Scholar
• Tan, B.X., et al., 2011. Prognostic influence of metformin as first-line chemotherapy for advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cancer, 117 (22), 5103–5111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, D.A., et al., 1991. Acute effects of liposome aerosol inhalation on pulmonary function in healthy human volunteers. Chest, 99 (5), 1268–1270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, R.J., 2013. Particle size and pathogenicity in the respiratory tract. Virulence, 4 (8), 847–858.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian, R.-H., et al., 2016. Effects of metformin on survival outcomes of lung cancer patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. Clinical &Amp; translational oncology: official publication of the Federation of Spanish oncology societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico, 18 (6), 641–649.
   Google Scholar
• Tucker, G., et al., 1981. Metformin kinetics in healthy subjects and in patients with diabetes mellitus. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 12 (2), 235–246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vezočnik, V., et al., 2015. Size fractionation and size characterization of nanoemulsions of lipid droplets and large unilamellar lipid vesicles by asymmetric-flow field-flow fractionation/multi-angle light scattering and dynamic light scattering. Journal of chromatography A, 1418, 185–191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilcock, C. and Bailey, C., 1994. Accumulation of metformin by tissues of the normal and diabetic mouse. Xenobiotica; The fate of foreign compounds in biological systems, 24 (1), 49–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yapar, K. and Baş, A., 2004. Comparative pharmacokinetics of free and liposome-encapsulated ampicillin after intravenous and subcutaneous administrations. Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy. 48, 507–510.
   Google Scholar
• Zappa, C. and Mousa, S., 2016. Non-small cell lung cancer: current treatment and future advances. Translational lung cancer research, 5 (3), 288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhuang, C.-Y., et al., 2010. Preparation and characterization of vinpocetine loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for improved oral bioavailability. International journal of pharmacy, 394 (1–2), 179–185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhuang, Y., et al., 2014. Mechanisms by which low glucose enhances the cytotoxicity of metformin to cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. PloS one, 9 (9), e108444.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar