130
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Design, optimization, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of metformin-loaded liposomes for triple negative breast cancer treatment

, , , &
Received 06 Oct 2023, Accepted 16 Feb 2024, Published online: 08 Mar 2024

References

  • Kumar P, Aggarwal R. An overview of triple-negative breast cancer. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2016;293(2):247–269. doi: 10.1007/s00404-015-3859-y.
  • Zagami P, Carey LA. Triple negative breast cancer: Pitfalls and progress. Npj Breast Cancer. 2022;8(1):95. doi: 10.1038/s41523-022-00468-0.
  • Nedeljković M, Damjanović A. Mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance in triple-negative breast cancer-how we can rise to the challenge. Cells. 2019;8(9):957. doi: 10.3390/cells8090957.
  • Petrova V, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Melino G, et al. The hypoxic tumour microenvironment. Oncogenesis. 2018;7(1):10. doi: 10.1038/s41389-017-0011-9.
  • Liao D, Corle C, Seagroves TN, et al. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α is a key regulator of metastasis in a transgenic model of cancer initiation and progression. Cancer Res. 2007;67(2):563–572. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-2701.
  • Rankin EB, Giaccia AJ. The role of hypoxia-inducible factors in tumorigenesis. Cell Death Differ. 2008;15(4):678–685. doi: 10.1038/cdd.2008.21.
  • Sun X, Wang M, Wang M, et al. Metabolic reprogramming in triple-negative breast cancer. Front Oncol. 2020;10:428. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00428.
  • Noman MZ, Desantis G, Janji B, et al. PD-L1 is a novel direct target of HIF-1α, and its blockade under hypoxia enhanced MDSC-mediated T cell activation. J Exp Med. 2014;211(5):781–790. doi: 10.1084/jem.20131916.
  • Wu Q, You L, Nepovimova E, et al. Hypoxia-inducible factors: master regulators of hypoxic tumor immune escape. J Hematol Oncol. 2022;15(1):77. doi: 10.1186/s13045-022-01292-6.
  • Bodmer M, Meier C, Krähenbühl S, et al. Long-term metformin use is associated with decreased risk of breast cancer. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(6):1304–1308. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1791.
  • Xu H, Chen K, Jia X, et al. Metformin use is associated with better survival of breast cancer patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis. Oncologist. 2015;20(11):1236–1244. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0096.
  • Cejuela M, Martin-Castillo B, Menendez JA, et al. Metformin and breast cancer: Where are We now? Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(5):2705. doi: 10.3390/ijms23052705.
  • De A, Kuppusamy G. Metformin in breast cancer: preclinical and clinical evidence. Curr Probl Cancer. 2020;44(1):100488. doi: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2019.06.003.
  • Vial G, Detaille D, Guigas B. Role of mitochondria in the mechanism(s) of action of metformin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019;10:294. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00294.
  • Murugan AK. mTOR: Role in cancer, metastasis and drug resistance. Semin Cancer Biol. 2019;59:92–111. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.003.
  • Segal ED, Yasmeen A, Beauchamp MC, et al. Relevance of the OCT1 transporter to the antineoplastic effect of biguanides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011;414(4):694–699. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.09.134.
  • Foroozandeh P, Aziz AA. Insight into cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of nanoparticles. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2018;13(1):339. doi: 10.1186/s11671-018-2728-6.
  • Almeida B, Nag OK, Rogers KE, et al. Recent progress in bioconjugation strategies for liposome-Mediated drug delivery. Molecules. 2020;25(23):5672. doi: 10.3390/molecules25235672.
  • Li S-D, Huang L. Stealth nanoparticles: High density but sheddable PEG is a key for tumor targeting. J Control Release. 2010;145(3):178–181. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.03.016.
  • Guimarães D, Cavaco-Paulo A, Nogueira E. Design of liposomes as drug delivery system for therapeutic applications. Int J Pharm. 2021;601:120571. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120571.
  • Song L, Hao Y, Wang C, et al. Liposomal oxaliplatin prodrugs loaded with metformin potentiate immunotherapy for colorectal cancer. J Control Release. 2022;350:922–932. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.013.
  • Zhang N, Tan Y, Yan L, et al. Modulation of tumor hypoxia by pH-responsive liposomes to inhibit mitochondrial respiration for enhancing sonodynamic therapy. Int J Nanomedicine. 2020;15:5687–5700. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S256038.
  • Bangham AD, Standish MM, Watkins JC. Diffusion of univalent ions across the lamellae of swollen phospholipids. J Mol Biol. 1965;13(1):238–252. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(65)80093-6.
  • Jain A, Hurkat P, Jain SK. Development of liposomes using formulation by design: Basics to recent advances. Chem Phys Lipids. 2019;224:104764. doi: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.03.017.
  • Stewart JCM. Colorimetric determination of phospholipids with ammonium ferrothiocyanate. Anal Biochem. 1980;104(1):10–14. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(80)90269-9.
  • Liang CC, Park AY, Guan JL. In vitro scratch assay: a convenient and inexpensive method for analysis of cell migration in vitro. Nat Protoc. 2007;2(2):329–333. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2007.30.
  • Zhou T, Xu X, Du M, et al. A preclinical overview of metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;106:1227–1235. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.085.
  • Maritim S, Boulas P, Lin Y. Comprehensive analysis of liposome formulation parameters and their influence on encapsulation, stability and drug release in glibenclamide liposomes. Int J Pharm. 2021;592:120051. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120051.
  • Nsairat H, Khater D, Sayed U, et al. Liposomes: structure, composition, types, and clinical applications. Heliyon. 2022;8(5):e09394. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09394.
  • Silvander M. Steric stabilization of liposomes - a review. Lipid Polymer-Lipid Systems. 2002;120:35–40. doi: 10.1007/3-540-45291-5_5.
  • Alric C, Aubrey N, Allard-Vannier É, et al. Covalent conjugation of cysteine-engineered scFv to PEGylated magnetic nanoprobes for immunotargeting of breast cancer cells. RSC Adv. 2016;6(43):37099–37109. doi: 10.1039/C6RA06076E.
  • Kumar G, Malhotra S, Shafiq N, et al. In vitro physicochemical characterization and short term in vivo tolerability study of ethionamide loaded PLGA nanoparticles: potentially effective agent for multidrug resistant tuberculosis. J Microencapsul. 2011;28(8):717–728. doi: 10.3109/02652048.2011.615948.
  • Eloy JO, Ruiz A, de Lima FT, et al. EGFR-targeted immunoliposomes efficiently deliver docetaxel to prostate cancer cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2020;194:111185. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111185.
  • Nicholas AR, Scott MJ, Kennedy NI, et al. Effect of grafted polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the size, encapsulation efficiency and permeability of vesicles. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000;1463(1):167–178. doi: 10.1016/s0005-2736(99)00192-3.
  • Ong SGM, Chitneni M, Lee KS, et al. Evaluation of extrusion technique for nanosizing liposomes. Pharmaceutics. 2016;8(4):36. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics8040036.
  • Almiñana C, Vegas AR, Tekin M, et al. Isolation and characterization of equine uterine extracellular vesicles: a comparative methodological study. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(2):979. doi: 10.3390/ijms22020979.
  • Cordeiro L, Riou C, Uzbekov R, et al. Avian sperm increase in vitro the release of exosomes from SST-enriched organoids. Reproduction. 2021;161(4):375–384. doi: 10.1530/REP-20-0421.
  • Yamauchi M, Tsutsumi K, Abe M, et al. Release of drugs from liposomes varies with particle size. Biol Pharm Bull. 2007;30(5):963–966. doi: 10.1248/bpb.30.963.
  • Rejman J, Oberle V, Zuhorn IS, et al. Size-dependent internalization of particles via the pathways of clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis. Biochem J. 2004;377(Pt 1):159–169. doi: 10.1042/BJ20031253.
  • Garbuzenko O, Zalipsky S, Qazen M, et al. Electrostatics of PEGylated micelles and liposomes containing charged and neutral lipopolymers. Langmuir. 2005;21(6):2560–2568. doi: 10.1021/la0479105.
  • Li Y, Luo J, Lin M-T, et al. Co-delivery of metformin enhances the antimultidrug resistant tumor effect of doxorubicin by improving hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Mol Pharm. 2019;16(7):2966–2979. doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00199.
  • Kedmi R, Ben-Arie N, Peer D. The systemic toxicity of positively charged lipid nanoparticles and the role of toll-like receptor 4 in immune activation. Biomaterials. 2010;31(26):6867–6875. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.05.027.
  • Kube S, Hersch N, Naumovska E, et al. Fusogenic liposomes as nanocarriers for the delivery of intracellular proteins. Langmuir. 2017;33(4):1051–1059. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04304.
  • Lanning NJ, Castle JP, Singh SJ, et al. Metabolic profiling of triple-negative breast cancer cells reveals metabolic vulnerabilities. Cancer Metab. 2017;5(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s40170-017-0168-x.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.