Intersecting where? The multi-scalar contextual embeddedness of intersectional entrepreneurs

References

• Ács, Z. J., E. Autio, and L. Szerb. 2014. “National Systems of Entrepreneurship: Measurement Issues and Policy Implications.” Research Policy 43 (3): 476–494. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2013.08.016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Affolderbach, J., and C. Carr. 2016. “Blending Scales of Governance: Land‐Use Policies and Practices in the Small State of Luxembourg.” Regional Studies 50 (6): 944–955.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahl, H., and S. Marlow (2011). “Exploring the Intersectionality of Feminism, Gender and Entrepreneurship to Escape the Dead End.” EGOS Symposium, Gothenburg, Sweden
   Google Scholar
• Ahl, H., and S. Marlow. 2012. “Exploring the Dynamics of Gender, Feminism and Entrepreneurship: Advancing Debate to Escape a Dead End?” Organization 19 (5): 543–562. doi:10.1177/1350508412448695.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahl, H., and S. Marlow. 2019. “Exploring the False Promise of Entrepreneurship through a Postfeminist Critique of the Enterprise Policy Discourse in Sweden and the UK.” Human Relations 74(1): 41-68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Dajani, H., H. Akbar, S. Carter, and E. Shaw. 2019. “Defying Contextual Embeddedness: Evidence from Displaced Women Entrepreneurs in Jordan.” Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 31 (3–4): 198–212. doi:10.1080/08985626.2018.1551788.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Dajani, H., and S. Marlow. 2013. “Empowerment and Entrepreneurship: A Theoretical Framework.” International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research 19 (5): 503–524. doi:10.1108/IJEBR-10-2011-0138.
   Google Scholar
• Alsos, G. A., S. Carter, and E. Ljunggren. 2011. The Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship in Agriculture and Rural Development. Cheltenham, Uk; Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Badgett, M. L., K. Waaldijk, and Y. van der Meulen Rodgers. 2019. “The Relationship between LGBT Inclusion and Economic Development: Macro-level Evidence.” World Development 120: 1–14. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.03.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker, D. 2012. “A History in Ads: The Growth of the Gay and Lesbian Market.” In Homo Economics, 43–52. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Baycan-Levent, T., and P. Nijkamp. 2009. “Characteristics of Migrant Entrepreneurship in Europe.” Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 21 (4): 375–397. doi:10.1080/08985620903020060.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg, M. L., and N. Sigona. 2013. “Ethnography, Diversity and Urban Space.” Identities 20 (4): 347–360. doi:10.1080/1070289X.2013.822382.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bock, B. B. 2004. “Fitting in and Multi‐tasking: Dutch Farm Women’s Strategies in Rural Entrepreneurship.” Sociologia Ruralis 44 (3): 245–260. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9523.2004.00274.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosma, N., and R. Sternberg. 2014. “Entrepreneurship as an Urban Event? Empirical Evidence from European Cities.” Regional Studies 48 (6): 1016–1033. doi:10.1080/00343404.2014.904041.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowleg, L. 2008. “When Black+ Lesbian+ Woman≠ Black Lesbian Woman: The Methodological Challenges of Qualitative and Quantitative Intersectionality Research.” Sex Roles 59 (5–6): 312–325. doi:10.1007/s11199-008-9400-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenner, N. 1998. “Between Fixity and Motion: Accumulation, Territorial Organization and the Historical Geography of Spatial Scales.” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 16 (4): 459–481. doi:10.1068/d160459.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenner, N. 2001. “The Limits to Scale? Methodological Reflections on Scalar Structuration.” Progress in Human Geography 25 (4): 591–614. doi:10.1191/030913201682688959.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenner, N. 2019. New Urban Spaces: Urban Theory and the Scale Question. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Browne, K. 2006. “Challenging Queer Geographies.” Antipode 38 (5): 885–893. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8330.2006.00483.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruni, A., S. Gherardi, and B. Poggio. 2004. Gender and Entrepreneurship: An Ethnographic Approach. New York, NY, USA: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Brush, C., P. Greene, L. Balachandra, and A. Davis. 2018. “The Gender Gap in Venture Capital- Progress, Problems, and Perspectives.” Venture Capital 20 (2): 115–136. doi:10.1080/13691066.2017.1349266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bullough, A., D. M. Hechavarría, C. G. Brush, and L. F. Edelman. 2019. High-growth Women’s Entrepreneurship: Programs, Policies and Practices. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, J. E. 2015. “Gay and Lesbian/Queer Markets/Marketing.” The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Consumption and Consumer Studies, Boston, MA: Wiley Blackwell, 1–4.
   Google Scholar
• Carter, N., C. Brush, P. Greene, E. Gatewood, and M. Hart. 2003. “Women Entrepreneurs Who Break through to Equity Financing: The Influence of Human, Social and Financial Capital.” Venture Capital 5 (1): 1–28. doi:10.1080/1369106032000082586.
   Google Scholar
• Carter, S., S. Mwaura, M. Ram, K. Trehan, and T. Jones. 2015. “Barriers to Ethnic Minority and Women’s Enterprise: Existing Evidence, Policy Tensions and Unsettled Questions.” International Small Business Journal 33 (1): 49–69. doi:10.1177/0266242614556823.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter, S., E. Shaw, W. Lam, and F. Wilson. 2007. “Gender, Entrepreneurship, and Bank Lending: The Criteria and Processes Used by Bank Loan Officers in Assessing Applications.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 31 (3): 427–444. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00181.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chasserio, S., P. Pailot, and C. Poroli. 2014. “When Entrepreneurial Identity Meets Multiple Social Identities: Interplays and Identity Work of Women Entrepreneurs.” International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 20 (2): 128–154. doi:10.1108/IJEBR-11-2011-0157.
   Google Scholar
• Crenshaw, K. 1991. “Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color.” Stanford Law Review 43 (6): 1241–1299. doi:10.2307/1229039.
   Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W., and V. L. P. Clark. 2007. Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. Thousand Oaks, CA, USA: SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Deakins, D., D. Smallbone, M. Ishaq, G. Whittam, and J. Wyper. 2009. “Minority Ethnic Enterprise in Scotland.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 35 (2): 309–330. doi:10.1080/13691830802586468.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denzin, N. K., and Y. S. Lincoln. 2011. The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, CA, USA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Drucker, P. 2011. “The Fracturing of LGBT Identities under Neoliberal Capitalism.” Historical Materialism 19 (4): 3–32. doi:10.1163/156920611X606412.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engelen, E. 2006. “Towards an Explanation of the Performance Differences of Turks in the Netherlands and Germany: The Case for a Comparative Political Economy of Integration.” Tijdschrift voor Economische En Sociale Geografie 97 (1): 69–79. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9663.2006.00497.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Essers, C., and Y. Benschop. 2009. “Muslim Businesswomen Doing Boundary Work: The Negotiation of Islam, Gender and Ethnicity within Entrepreneurial Contexts.” Human Relations 62 (3): 403–423. doi:10.1177/0018726708101042.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Essers, C., K. Verduyn, and S. O. Kacar. 2020. “Opportunity Structures from an Intersectional Perspective.” In The Palgrave Handbook of Minority Entrepreneurship. Palgrave/MacMillan. 87-115.
   Google Scholar
• Fitz-Koch, S., M. Nordqvist, S. Carter, and E. Hunter. 2018. “Entrepreneurship in the Agricultural Sector: A Literature Review and Future Research Opportunities.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 42 (1): 129–166. doi:10.1177/1042258717732958.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galloway, L., W. Brown, and P. Arenius. 2002. “Gender-based Differences in Entrepreneurial Behaviour: A Comparative Examination of Scotland and Finland.” The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 3 (2): 109–119. doi:10.5367/000000002101299105.
   Google Scholar
• Germon, R., S. Leloarne, M. Razgallah, I. Safraou, and A. Maalaoui. 2020. “The Role of Sexual Orientation in Entrepreneurial Intention: The Case of Parisian LGB People.” Journal of Organizational Change Management 33 (3): 527–544. doi:10.1108/JOCM-12-2018-0365.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghabrial, M. A. 2017. “‘Trying to Figure Out Where We Belong’: Narratives of Racialized Sexual Minorities on Community, Identity, Discrimination, and Health.” Sexuality Research and Social Policy 14 (1): 42–55. doi:10.1007/s13178-016-0229-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glick-Schiller, N. G., A. Çaglar, and T. C. Guldbrandsen. 2006. “Beyond the Ethnic Lens: Locality, Globality, and Born‐again Incorporation.” American Ethnologist 33 (4): 612–633. doi:10.1525/ae.2006.33.4.612.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorman-Murray, A., and C. Nash. 2017. “Transformations in LGBT Consumer Landscapes and Leisure Spaces in the Neoliberal City.” Urban Studies 54 (3): 786–805. doi:10.1177/0042098016674893.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagos, S., M. Izak, and J. M. Scott. 2019. “Objective Institutionalized Barriers and Subjective Performance Factors of New Migrant Entrepreneurs.” International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 25 (5): 842–858. doi:10.1108/IJEBR-06-2018-0405.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halabisky, D. 2018. ”Policy Brief on Women’s Entrepreneurship”. OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers, No. 8, OECD Publishing, Paris, 10.1787/dd2d79e7-en.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, S. M. 2011. “High Street Adaptations: Ethnicity, Independent Retail Practices, and Localism in London’s Urban Margins.” Environment and Planning A 43 (11): 2571–2588. doi:10.1068/a4494.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Högberg, L., T. Schölin, M. Ram, and T. Jones. 2016. “Categorising and Labelling Entrepreneurs: Business Support Organisations Constructing the Other through Prefixes of Ethnicity and Immigrantship.” International Small Business Journal 34 (3): 242–260. doi:10.1177/0266242614555877.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopp, C., and J. Martin. 2017. “Does Entrepreneurship Pay for Women and Immigrants? A 30 Year Assessment of the socio-economic Impact of Entrepreneurial Activity in Germany.” Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 29 (5–6): 517–543. doi:10.1080/08985626.2017.1299224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huggins, R., D. Waite, and M. Munday. 2018. “New Directions in Regional Innovation Policy: A Network Model for Generating Entrepreneurship and Economic Development.” Regional Studies 52 (9): 1294–1304. doi:10.1080/00343404.2018.1453131.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iglta, Unwto. 2017. 2nd Global Report on LGBT Tourism. Madrid: UNWTO.
   Google Scholar
• Ishaq, M., A. Hussain, and G. Whittam. 2010. “Racism: A Barrier to Entry? Experiences of Small Ethnic Minority Retail Businesses.” International Small Business Journal 28 (4): 362–377. doi:10.1177/0266242610363523.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jack, S. L., and A. R. Anderson. 2002. “The Effects of Embeddedness on the Entrepreneurial Process.” Journal of Business Venturing 17 (5): 467–487. doi:10.1016/S0883-9026(01)00076-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jennings, J. E., and C. G. Brush. 2013. “Research on Women Entrepreneurs: Challenges to (And From) the Broader Entrepreneurship Literature?” The Academy of Management Annals 7 (1): 663–715. doi:10.5465/19416520.2013.782190.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, T., M. Ram, P. Edwards, A. Kiselinchev, and L. Muchenje. 2014. “Mixed Embeddedness and New Migrant Enterprise in the UK.” Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 26 (5–6): 500–520. doi:10.1080/08985626.2014.950697.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klag, M., and A. Langley. 2013. “Approaching the Conceptual Leap in Qualitative Research.” International Journal of Management Reviews 15 (2): 149–166. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2370.2012.00349.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kloosterman, R. 2010. “Matching Opportunities with Resources: A Framework for Analysing (Migrant) Entrepreneurship from A Mixed Embeddedness Perspective.” Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 22 (1): 25–45. doi:10.1080/08985620903220488.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kloosterman, R., and J. Rath. 2001. “Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Advanced Economies: Mixed Embeddedness Further Explored.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 27 (2): 189–201. doi:10.1080/13691830020041561.
   Google Scholar
• Kloosterman, R. C., K. Rusinovic, and D. Yeboah. 2016. “Super-diverse migrants—similar Trajectories? Ghanaian Entrepreneurship in the Netherlands Seen from a Mixed Embeddedness Perspective.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 42 (6): 913–932. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2015.1126091.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kloosterman, R., J. Van Der Leun, and J. Rath. 1999. “Mixed Embeddedness: (In)formal Economic Activities and Immigrant Businesses in the Netherlands.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 23 (2): 252–266. doi:10.1111/1468-2427.00194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korsgaard, S., S. Müller, and H. W. Tanvig. 2015. “Rural Entrepreneurship or Entrepreneurship in the Rural – Between Place and Space.” International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 21 (1): 5–26. doi:10.1108/IJEBR-11-2013-0205.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lassalle, P., and G. McElwee. 2016. “Polish Entrepreneurs in Glasgow and Entrepreneurial Opportunity Structure.” International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 22 (2): 260–281. doi:10.1108/IJEBR-01-2016-0012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lassalle, P., and J. M. Scott. 2018. “Breaking-out? A Reconceptualisation of the Business Development Process through Diversification: The Case of Polish New Migrant Entrepreneurs in Glasgow.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 44 (15): 2524–2543. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2017.1391077.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lassalle, P., and E. Shaw. 2021. “Trailing Wives and Constrained Agency among Women Migrant Entrepreneurs: An Intersectional Perspective.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 45 (6): 1042258721990331. doi:10.1177/1042258721990331.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leitch, C. M., F. M. Hill, and R. T. Harrison. 2010. “The Philosophy and Practice of Interpretivist Research in Entrepreneurship: Quality, Validation, and Trust.” Organizational Research Methods 13 (1): 67–84. doi:10.1177/1094428109339839.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levie, J., E. Autio, Z. Acs, and M. Hart. 2014. “Global Entrepreneurship and Institutions: An Introduction [Journal Article].” Small Business Economics 42 (3): 437–444. doi:10.1007/s11187-013-9516-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levie, J., and M. Hart. 2011. “Business and Social Entrepreneurs in the UK: Gender, Context and Commitment.” International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 3 (3): 200–217. doi:10.1108/17566261111169304.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, P. 2006. “The Quest for Invisibility: Female Entrepreneurs and the Masculine Norm of Entrepreneurship.” Gender, Work & Organization 13 (5): 453–469. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0432.2006.00317.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lugosi, P. 2007. “Queer Consumption and Commercial Hospitality; Communitas, Myths and the Production of Liminoid Space.” International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 27 (3/4): 163–174. doi:10.1108/01443330710741093.
   Google Scholar
• Marlow, S., F. J. Greene, and A. Coad. 2018. “Advancing Gendered Analyses of Entrepreneurship: A Critical Exploration of Entrepreneurial Activity among Gay Men and Lesbian Women.” British Journal of Management 29 (1): 118–135. doi:10.1111/1467-8551.12221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marlow, S., and A. Martinez Dy. 2018. “Annual Review Article: Is It Time to Rethink the Gender Agenda in Entrepreneurship Research?” International Small Business Journal 36 (1): 3–22. doi:10.1177/0266242617738321.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez Dy, A., S. Marlow, and L. Martin. 2016. “A Web of Opportunity or the Same Old Story? Women Digital Entrepreneurs and Intersectionality Theory.” Human Relations 70 (3): 286–311.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez Dy, A., L. Martin, and S. Marlow. 2014. “Developing a Critical Realist Positional Approach to Intersectionality.” Journal of Critical Realism 13 (5): 447–466. doi:10.1179/1476743014Z.00000000043.
   Google Scholar
• McCall, L. 2005. “The Complexity of Intersectionality.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 30 (3): 1771–1800. doi:10.1086/426800.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKeever, E., A. Anderson, and S. Jack. 2014. “Entrepreneurship and Mutuality: Social Capital in Processes and Practices.” Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 26 (5–6): 453–477. doi:10.1080/08985626.2014.939536.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKeever, E., S. Jack, and A. Anderson. 2015. “Embedded Entrepreneurship in the Creative re-construction of Place.” Journal of Business Venturing 30 (1): 50–65. doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2014.07.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, I. H., and M. E. Northridge. 2007. The Health of Sexual Minorities: Public Health Perspectives on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Populations. New York, NY, USA: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Miles, M. B., and A. M. Huberman. 1994. Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook. Thousand Oaks, CA, USA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Müller, S., and S. Korsgaard. 2018. “Resources and Bridging: The Role of Spatial Context in Rural Entrepreneurship.” Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 30 (1–2): 224–255. doi:10.1080/08985626.2017.1402092.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muñoz, P., and J. Kimmitt. 2019. “Rural Entrepreneurship in Place: An Integrated Framework.” Entrepreneurship & Regional Development. 31 (9-10): 842-873.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mwaura, S., J. Levie, P. Lassalle, S. Stoyanov, and S. Carter. 2018. “Taking Steps to Combat Barriers to Ethnic Minority Enterprise in Scotland.”
   Google Scholar
• Nathan, M. 2016. “Ethnic Diversity and Business Performance: Which Firms? Which Cities?” Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 48 (12): 2462–2483. doi:10.1177/0308518X16660085.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neergaard, H., E. Shaw, and S. Carter. 2005. “The Impact of Gender, Social Capital and Networks on Business Ownership: A Research Agenda.” International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 11 (5): 338–357. doi:10.1108/13552550510614999.
   Google Scholar
• Oakenfull, G. W. 2018. “Lesbian Consumers and the Myth of an LGBT Consumer Market.” Feminist Perspectives on Advertising: What’s the Big Idea? Washington DC, USA: Rowman & Littlefield, p. 103-122.
   Google Scholar
• OECD. 2017. The Pursuit of Gender Equality. Paris: OECD Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Poon, J. P., D. T. Thai, and D. Naybor. 2012. “Social Capital and Female Entrepreneurship in Rural Regions: Evidence from Vietnam.” Applied Geography 35 (1): 308–315. doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2012.08.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ram, M., T. Jones, T. Abbas, and B. Sanghera. 2002. “Ethnic Minority Enterprise in Its Urban Context: South Asian Restuarants in Birmingham.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 26 (1): 24–40. doi:10.1111/1468-2427.00361.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ram, M., T. Jones, P. Edwards, A. Kiselinchev, L. Muchenje, and K. Woldesenbet. 2013. “Engaging with super-diversity: New Migrant Businesses and the research–policy Nexus.” International Small Business Journal 31 (4): 337–356. doi:10.1177/0266242611429979.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redien-Collot, R. 2012. “Motivations of Gay Entrepreneurs:A Focus on the Construct of Appropriateness.” The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 13 (2): 115–124. doi:10.5367/ijei.2012.0073.
   Google Scholar
• Rumens, N., and M. B. Ozturk. 2019. “Heteronormativity and the (Re)construction of Gay Male Entrepreneurial Identities.” International Small Business Journal. 37 (7): 671-688.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rusinovic, K. 2006. Dynamic Entrepreneurship: First and second-generation Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Dutch Cities. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Schindehutte, M., M. Morris, and J. Allen. 2005. “Homosexuality and Entrepreneurship: Implications of Gay Identity for the venture-creation Experience.” The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 6 (1): 27–40. doi:10.5367/0000000053026374.
   Google Scholar
• Schönwälder, K. 2020. Diversity in Local Political Practice Vol. 43, 1929–1941. New York, NY, USA: Taylor & Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, J. M., and J. Hussain. 2019. “Exploring Intersectionality Issues in Entrepreneurial Finance: Policy Responses and Future Research Directions.” Strategic Change 28 (1): 37–45. doi:10.1002/jsc.2244.
   Google Scholar
• Sender, K. 2018. “The Gay Market Is Dead, Long Live the Gay Market: From Identity to Algorithm in Predicting Consumer Behavior.” Advertising & Society Quarterly 18 (4). doi:10.1353/asr.2018.0001.
   Google Scholar
• Sepulveda, L., S. Syrett, and F. Lyon. 2011. “Population Superdiversity and New Migrant Enterprise: The Case of London.” Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 23 (7–8): 469–497. doi:10.1080/08985620903420211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simmons, S. A., J. Wiklund, J. Levie, S. W. Bradley, and S. A. Sunny. 2019. “Gender Gaps and Reentry into Entrepreneurial Ecosystems after Business Failure.” Small Business Economics 53 (2): 517–531. doi:10.1007/s11187-018-9998-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solano, G. 2019. “The Mixed Embeddedness of Transnational Migrant Entrepreneurs: Moroccans in Amsterdam and Milan.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 46 (10): 2067-2085.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statista. 2020. “Size of the Sex Toy Market Worldwide 2019-2026.” Statista Research Department.
   Google Scholar
• Staunæs, D. 2003. “Where Have All the Subjects Gone? Bringing Together the Concepts of Intersectionality and Subjectification.” NORA - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research 11 (2): 101–110. doi:10.1080/08038740310002950.
   Google Scholar
• Sternberg, R. 2009. “Regional Dimensions of Entrepreneurship.” Foundations and Trends® in Entrepreneurship 5 (4): 211–340. doi:10.1561/0300000024.
   Google Scholar
• Storti, L. 2014. “Being an Entrepreneur: Emergence and Structuring of Two Immigrant Entrepreneur Groups.” Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 26 (7–8): 521–545. doi:10.1080/08985626.2014.959067.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trettin, L., and F. Welter. 2011. “Challenges for Spatially Oriented Entrepreneurship Research.” Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 23 (7–8): 575–602. doi:10.1080/08985621003792988.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trettin, L., and F. Welter. 2011. “Challenges for Spatially Oriented Entrepreneurship Research.” Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 23 (7–8): 575–602. doi:10.1080/08985621003792988.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNWTO. 2017. 2nd Global Report on LGBT Tourism. Madrid: W. T. Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Valdez, Z. 2016. “Intersectionality, the Household Economy, and Ethnic Entrepreneurship.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 39 (9): 1618–1636. doi:10.1080/01419870.2015.1125009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verduijn, K., and C. Essers. 2013. “Questioning Dominant Entrepreneurship Assumptions: The Case of Female Ethnic Minority Entrepreneurs.” Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 25 (7–8): 612–630. doi:10.1080/08985626.2013.814718.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vershinina, N., R. Barrett, and M. Meyer. 2011. “Forms of Capital, intra-ethnic Variation and Polish Entrepreneurs in Leicester.” Work, Employment & Society 25 (1): 101–117. doi:10.1177/0950017010389241.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vershinina, N., P. Rodgers, M. McAdam, and E. Clinton. 2019. “Transnational Migrant Entrepreneurship, Gender and Family Business.” Global Networks 19 (2): 238–260. doi:10.1111/glob.12225.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vershinina, N., and Y. Rodionova. 2011. “Methodological Issues in Studying Hidden Populations Operating in Informal Economy.” International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 31 (11/12): 697–716. doi:10.1108/01443331111177887.
   Google Scholar
• Vertovec, S. 2007. “Super-diversity and Its Implications.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 30 (6): 1024–1054. doi:10.1080/01419870701599465.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Q. 2013. “Constructing a Multilevel Spatial Approach in Ethnic Entrepreneurship Studies.” International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 19 (1): 97–113. doi:10.1108/13552551311299279.
   Google Scholar
• Welter, F. 2011. “Contextualizing Entrepreneurship—Conceptual Challenges and Ways Forward.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 35 (1): 165–184. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00427.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welter, F., T. Baker, D. B. Audretsch, and W. B. Gartner. 2017. “Everyday Entrepreneurship—A Call for Entrepreneurship Research to Embrace Entrepreneurial Diversity.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 41 (3): 311–321. doi:10.1111/etap.12258.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welter, F., C. Brush, and A. De Bruin. 2014. “The Gendering of Entrepreneurship Context.” Institut für Mittelstandsforschung Bonn (Hrsg.): Working Paper 1: 14.
   Google Scholar
• Werbner, P. 2001. “Metaphors of Spatiality and Networks in the Plural City: A Critique of the Ethnic Enclave Economy Debate.” Sociology 35 (3): 671–693. doi:10.1177/S0038038501000347.
   Google Scholar
• Wingfield, A. H., and T. Taylor. 2016. “Race, Gender, and Class in Entrepreneurship: Intersectional Counterframes and Black Business Owners.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 39 (9): 1676–1696. doi:10.1080/01419870.2016.1178789.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WTM. 2015. Global LGBT Market. London: World Travel Market.
   Google Scholar
• Yamamura, S., and P. Lassalle. 2019. “Approximating Entrepreneurial Superdiversity: Reconceptualizing the Superdiversity Debate in Ethnic Minority Entrepreneurship.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 46 (11): 2218–2239. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2019.1656058.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamura, S., and P. Lassalle. 2021. “Notions and Practices of Differences: An Epilogue on the Diversity of Entrepreneurship & Migration”. In Global Migration, Entrepreneurship and Society, edited by N. Vershinina, P. Rodgers, M. Xheneti, J. Brzozowski, and P. Lassalle, 13: 195-202. Emerald Publishing Limited.
   Google Scholar
• Zahra, S. A., M. Wright, and S. G. Abdelgawad. 2014. “Contextualization and the Advancement of Entrepreneurship Research.” International Small Business Journal 32 (5): 477–500. doi:10.1177/0266242613519807.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, M. 2004. “Revisiting Ethnic Entrepreneurship: Convergencies, Controversies, and Conceptual Advancements1.” International Migration Review 38 (3): 1040–1074. doi:10.1111/j.1747-7379.2004.tb00228.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, M., and J. R. Logan. 1989. “Returns on Human Capital in Ethnic Enclaves: New York City’s Chinatown.” American Sociological Review 54 (5): 809–820. doi:10.2307/2117755.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar