How small firms build resilience to ward off crises: a paradox perspective

References

• Akinremi, T., and S. Roper. 2021. “The Collaboration Paradox: Why Small Firms Fail to Collaborate for Innovation.” In Managing Collaborative R&D Projects. Contributions to Management Science, edited by. G. Fernandes, L. Dooley, D. O’Sullivan, and A. Rolstadås, 139–159. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61605-2_8
   Google Scholar
• Akpan, I. J., D. Soopramanien, and D. H. Kwak. 2021. “Cutting-Edge Technologies for Small Business and Innovation in the Era of COVID-19 Global Health Pandemic.” Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship 33 (6): 607–617. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2020.1799294.
   Google Scholar
• Akpan, I. J., E. A. P. Udoh, and B. Adebisi. 2020. “Small Business Awareness and Adoption of State-Of-The-Art Technologies in Emerging and Developing Markets, and Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship 0 (0): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2020.1820185.
   Google Scholar
• Alonso, A. D., and A. Bressan. 2015. “Resilience in the Context of Italian Micro and Small Wineries: An Empirical Study.” International Journal of Wine Business Research 27 (1): 40–60. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJWBR-08-2014-0035.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amankwah-Amoah, J., Z. Khan, and G. Wood. 2021. “COVID-19 and Business Failures: The Paradoxes of Experience, Scale, and Scope for Theory and Practice.” European Management Journal 39 (2): 179–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2020.09.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amankwah-Amoah, J., Z. Khan, G. Wood, and G. Knight. 2021. “COVID-19 and Digitalization: The Great Acceleration.” Journal of Business Research 136:602–611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.08.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amann, B., and J. Jaussaud. 2012. “Family and Non-Family Business Resilience in an Economic Downturn.” Asia Pacific Business Review 18 (2): 203–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2010.537057.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ammirato, S., R. Linzalone, and A. M. Felicetti. 2021. “Knowledge Management in Pandemics. A Critical Literature Review.” Knowledge Management Research and Practice 19 (4): 415–426. https://doi.org/10.1080/14778238.2020.1801364.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angelucci, A., J. Hermans, M. Radu-Lefebvre, and V. Angel. 2023. “Tensioning as Intertwining, Competition and Superseding: A Self-Regulation Approach to Managing Hybridity Tensions in Social Enterprises.” International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 29 (3): 643–664. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-10-2021-0850.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anwar, A., N. Coviello, and M. Rouziou. 2021. “Weathering a Crisis: A Multi-Level Analysis of Resilience in Young Ventures.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 0 (0): 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587211046545.
   Google Scholar
• Ates, A., and U. Bititci. 2011. “Change Process: A Key Enabler for Building Resilient SMEs.” International Journal of Production Research 49 (18): 5601–5618. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.563825.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Audretsch, D. B., M. Belitski, R. Caiazza, and D. Siegel. 2023. “Effects of Open Innovation in Startups: Theory and Evidence.” Technological Forecasting & Social Change 194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122694.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayala, J. C., and G. Manzano. 2014. “The Resilience of the Entrepreneur. Influence on the Success of the Business. A Longitudinal Analysis.” Journal of Economic Psychology 42:126–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2014.02.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartik, A., Z. Cullen, M. Bertrand, E. L. Glaeser, M. Luca, and C. Stanton. 2020. “How are Small Businesses Adjusting to COVID-19? Early Evidence from a Survey.” SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3574741.
   Google Scholar
• Bednarek, R., S. Paroutis, and J. Sillince. 2017. “Transcendence Through Rhetorical Practices: Responding to Paradox in the Science Sector.” Organization Studies 38 (1): 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840616655486.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belitski, M., and B. Liversage. 2019. “E-Leadership in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Developing World.” Technology Innovation Management Review 9 (1): 64–74. https://doi.org/10.22215/TIMREVIEW/1212.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhamra, R., S. Dani, and K. Burnard. 2011. “Resilience: The Concept, a Literature Review and Future Directions.” International Journal of Production Research 49 (18): 5375–5393. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.563826.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biggiero, L. 2006. “Industrial and Knowledge Relocation Strategies Under the Challenges of Globalization and Digitalization: The Move of Small and Medium Enterprises Among Territorial Systems.” Entrepreneurship and Regional Development 18 (6): 443–471. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620600884701.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bin Hashim, N. A., S. Raza, and M. S. Minai. 2018. “Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Competencies and Small Firm Performance: Are Dynamic Capabilities the Missing Link?” Academy of Strategic Management Journal 17 (2): 1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Bishop, P. 2019. “Knowledge Diversity and Entrepreneurship Following an Economic Crisis: An Empirical Study of Regional Resilience in Great Britain.” Entrepreneurship and Regional Development 31 (5–6): 496–515. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2018.1541595.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradding, A., and M. Horstman. 1999. “Using the Write and Draw Technique with Children.” European Journal of Oncology Nursing 3 (3): 170–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1462-3889(99)80801-1.
   Google Scholar
• Branicki, L. J., B. Sullivan-Taylor, and S. R. Livschitz. 2018. “How Entrepreneurial Resilience Generates Resilient SMEs.” International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research 24 (7): 1244–1263. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-11-2016-0396.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, V., and V. Clarke. 2006. “Qualitative Research in Psychology Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology.” Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 (2): 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.
   Google Scholar
• Bristow, G. 2010. “Resilient Regions: Re-‘Place’ing Regional Competitiveness.” Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy & Society 3 (1): 153–167. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsp030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bristow, G., and A. Healy. 2014. “Regional Resilience: An Agency Perspective.” Regional studies 48 (5): 923–935. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2013.854879.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, R., and M. Cowling. 2021. “The Geographical Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis on Precautionary Savings, Firm Survival and Jobs: Evidence from the United Kingdom’s 100 Largest Towns and Cities.” International Small Business Journal 39 (4): 319–329. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242621989326.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bullough, A., and M. Renko. 2013. “Entrepreneurial Resilience During Challenging Times.” Business Horizons 56 (3): 343–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2013.01.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmine, S., C. Andriopoulos, M. Gotsi, C. E. J. Härtel, A. Krzeminska, N. Mafico, C. Pradies, et al. 2021. “A Paradox Approach to Organizational Tensions During the Pandemic Crisis.” Journal of Management Inquiry 30 (2): 138–153. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492620986863.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpenter, S., B. Walker, J. M. Anderies, and N. Abel. 2001. “From Metaphor to Measurement: Resilience of What to What?” Ecosystems (New York, NY) 4 (8): 765–781. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-001-0045-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cenamor, J., V. Parida, and J. Wincent. 2019. “How Entrepreneurial SMEs Compete Through Digital Platforms: The Roles of Digital Platform Capability, Network Capability and Ambidexterity.” Journal of Business Research 100:196–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.03.035.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Certo, S. T., R. H. Lester, C. M. Dalton, and D. R. Dalton. 2006. “Top Management Teams, Strategy and Financial Performance: A Meta‐Analytic Examination.” Journal of Management Studies 43 (4): 813–839. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2006.00612.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaudhary, S., and S. Batra. 2018. “Absorptive Capacity and Small Family Firm Performance: Exploring the Mediation Processes.” Journal of Knowledge Management 22 (6): 1201–1216. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-01-2017-0047.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chhatwani, M., S. K. Mishra, A. Varma, and H. Rai. 2022. “Psychological Resilience and Business Survival Chances: A Study of Small Firms in the USA During COVID-19.” Journal of Business Research 142:277–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.12.048.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clegg, S. R., J. V. da Cunha, and M. P. E Cunha. 2002. “Management Paradoxes: A Relational View.” Human Relations 55 (5): 483–503. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726702555001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collings, D. G., A. J. Nyberg, P. M. Wright, and J. McMackin. 2021. “Leading Through Paradox in a COVID‐19 World: Human Resources Comes of Age.” Human Resource Management Journal 31 (4): 819–833. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12343.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comfort, L. K., Y. Sungu, D. Johnson, and M. Dunn. 2001. “Complex Systems in Crisis: Anticipation and Resilience in Dynamic Environments.” Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 9 (3): 144–158. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.00164.
   Google Scholar
• Conz, E., and G. Magnani. 2020. “A Dynamic Perspective on the Resilience of Firms: A Systematic Literature Review and a Framework for Future Research.” European Management Journal 38 (3): 400–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2019.12.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corbin, J., and A. Strauss. 2008. “Qualitative Research.” Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory 3. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452230153.
   Google Scholar
• Corley, K. G., and D. A. Gioia. 2004. “Identity Ambiguity and Change in the Wake of a Corporate Spin-Off.” Administrative Science Quarterly 49 (2): 173–208. https://doi.org/10.2307/4131471.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coutu, D. L. 2002. “How Resilience Works.” Harvard Business Review 80 (5): 46–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czakon, W., M. Hajdas, and J. Radomska. 2022. “Playing the Wild Cards: Antecedents of Family Firm Resilience.” Journal of Family Business Strategy 14 (1): 100484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2022.100484.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies, S. 2011. “Regional Resilience in the 2008–2010 Downturn: Comparative Evidence from European Countries.” Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy & Society 4 (3): 369–382. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsr019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhir, A., G. M. Chen, and S. Chen. 2017. “Why Do We Tag Photographs on Facebook? Proposing a New Gratifications Scale.” New Media and Society 19 (4): 502–521. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815611062.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donthu, N., and A. Gustafsson. 2020. “Effects of COVID-19 on Business and Research.” Journal of Business Research 117:284–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebben, J. J., and A. C. Johnson. 2005. “Efficiency, Flexibility, or Both? Evidence Linking Strategy to Performance in Small Firms.” Strategic Management Journal 26 (13): 1249–1259. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.503.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eggers, F. 2020. “Masters of Disasters? Challenges and Opportunities for SMEs in Times of Crisis.” Journal of Business Research 116 (May): 199–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fairlie, R., and F. M. Fossen. 2022. “The Early Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Business Sales.” Small Business Economics 58 (4): 1853–1864. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-021-00479-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gavrila Gavrila, S., and A. De Lucas Ancillo. 2022. “Entrepreneurship, Innovation, Digitization and Digital Transformation Toward a Sustainable Growth within the Pandemic Environment.” International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research 28 (1): 45–66. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-05-2021-0395.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gehman, J., V. L. Glaser, K. M. Eisenhardt, D. Gioia, A. Langley, and K. G. Corley. 2018. “Finding Theory–Method Fit: A Comparison of Three Qualitative Approaches to Theory Building.” Journal of Management Inquiry 27 (3): 284–300. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492617706029.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gianiodis, P., S. H. Lee, H. Zhao, M. D. Foo, and D. Audretsch. 2022. “Lessons on Small Business Resilience.” Journal of Small Business Management 60 (5): 1029–1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472778.2022.2084099.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson, C. B., and J. Birkinshaw. 2004. “The Antecedents, Consequences, and Mediating Role of Organizational Ambidexterity.” Academy of Management Journal 47 (2): 209–226. https://doi.org/10.2307/20159573.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gioia, D. A., and K. Chittipeddi. 1991. “Sensemaking and Sensegiving in Strategic Change Initiation.” Strategic Management Journal 12 (6): 433–448. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250120604.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gioia, D. A., K. G. Corley, and A. L. Hamilton. 2013. “Seeking Qualitative Rigor in Inductive Research: Notes on the Gioia Methodology.” Organizational Research Methods 16 (1): 15–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428112452151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giones, F., and A. Brem. 2017. “Digital Technology Entrepreneurship: A Definition and Research Agenda.” Technology Innovation Management Review 7 (5): 44–51. https://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1076.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giustiniano, L., M. P. E. Cunha, A. V. Simpson, A. Rego, and S. Clegg. 2020. “Resilient Leadership as Paradox Work: Notes from COVID-19.” Management and Organization Review 16 (5): 971–975. https://doi.org/10.1017/mor.2020.57.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, H., Z. Yang, R. Huang, and A. Guo. 2020. “The Digitalization and Public Crisis Responses of Small and Medium Enterprises: Implications from a COVID-19 Survey.” Frontiers of Business Research in China 14 (1): 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11782-020-00087-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haase, A., and P. Eberl. 2019. “The Challenges of Routinizing for Building Resilient Startups.” Journal of Small Business Management 57 (sup2): 579–597. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12511.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadjielias, E., M. Christofi, P. Christou, and M. Hadjielia. 2022. “Digitalization, Agility, and Customer Value in Tourism.” Technological Forecasting & Social Change 175:121334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121334.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadjielias, E., M. Christofi, and S. Tarba. 2022. “Contextualizing Small Business Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Small Business Owner-Managers.” Small Business Economics 59 (4): 1351–1380. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-021-00588-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahn, T., J. Pinkse, L. Preuss, and F. Figge. 2015. “Tensions in Corporate Sustainability: Towards an Integrative Framework.” Journal of Business Ethics 127 (2): 297–316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2047-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herbane, B. 2010. “Small Business Research: Time for a Crisis-Based View.” International Small Business Journal 28 (1): 43–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242609350804.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herbane, B. 2019. “Rethinking Organizational Resilience and Strategic Renewal in SMEs.” Entrepreneurship and Regional Development 31 (5–6): 476–495. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2018.1541594.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillmann, J., and E. Guenther. 2021. “Organizational Resilience: A Valuable Construct for Management Research?” International Journal of Management Reviews 23 (1): 7–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12239.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, J., and L. Tiu Wright. 2001. “A Qualitative Research Agenda for Small to Medium‐Sized Enterprises.” Marketing Intelligence & Planning 19 (6): 432–443. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000006111.
   Google Scholar
• Hobfoll, S. E. 2001. “The Influence of Culture, Community, and the Nested‐Self in the Stress Process: Advancing Conservation of Resources Theory.” Applied Psychology 50 (3): 337–421. https://doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.00062.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iborra, M., V. Safón, and C. Dolz. 2022. “Does Ambidexterity Consistency Benefit Small and Medium-Sized enterprises’ Resilience?” Journal of Small Business Management 60 (5): 1122–1165. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472778.2021.2014508.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iftikhar, A., I. Ali, A. Arslan, and S. Tarba. 2022. “Digital Innovation, Data Analytics, and Supply Chain Resiliency: A Bibliometric-Based Systematic Literature Review.” Annals of Operations Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-022-04765-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irvine, W., and A. R. Anderson. 2004. “Small Tourist Firms in Rural Areas: Agility, Vulnerability and Survival in the Face of Crisis.” International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 10 (4): 229–246. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552550410544204.
   Google Scholar
• Ismail, H. S., J. Poolton, and H. Sharifi. 2011. “The Role of Agile Strategic Capabilities in Achieving Resilience in Manufacturing-Based Small Companies.” International Journal of Production Research 49 (18): 5469–5487. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.563833.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamrog, J., M. Vickers, and D. Bear. 2006. “Building and Sustaining a Culture That Supports Innovation.” People and Strategy 29 (3): 9.
   Google Scholar
• Juergensen, J., J. Guimón, and R. Narula. 2020. “European SMEs Amidst the COVID-19 Crisis: Assessing Impact and Policy Responses.” Journal of Industrial and Business Economics 47 (3): 499–510. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40812-020-00169-4.
   Google Scholar
• Karpen, I. O., and J. Conduit. 2020. “Engaging in Times of COVID-19 and Beyond: Theorizing Customer Engagement Through Different Paradigmatic Lenses.” Journal of Service Management 31 (6): 1163–1174. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOSM-05-2020-0156.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalil, S., and M. Belitski. 2020. “Dynamic Capabilities for Firm Performance Under the Information Technology Governance Framework.” European Business Review 32: 129–157. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-05-2018-0102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khlystova, O., Y. Kalyuzhnova, and M. Belitski. 2022. “The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Creative Industries: A Literature Review and Future Research Agenda.” Journal of Business Research 139:1192–1210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.09.062.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimhi, S. 2016. “Levels of Resilience: Associations Among Individual, Community, and National Resilience.” Journal of Health Psychology 21 (2): 164–170. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105314524009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang, K. R., and S. Jarvenpaa. 2005. “Managing the Paradoxes of Mobile Technology.” Information Systems Management 22 (4): 7–23. https://doi.org/10.1201/1078.10580530/45520.22.4.20050901/90026.2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanzolla, G., A. Lorenz, E. Miron-Spektor, M. Schilling, G. Solinas, and C. L. Tucci. 2020. “Digital Transformation: What is New if Anything? Emerging Patterns and Management Research.” Academy of Management Discoveries 6 (3): 341–350.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lengnick-Hall, C. A., T. E. Beck, and M. L. Lengnick-Hall. 2011. “Developing a Capacity for Organizational Resilience Through Strategic Human Resource Management.” Human Resource Management Review 21 (3): 243–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2010.07.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, M. W. 2000. “Exploring Paradox: Toward a More Comprehensive Guide.” Academy of Management Review 25 (4): 760–776. https://doi.org/10.2307/259204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, M. W., and W. K. Smith. 2014. “Paradox as a Metatheoretical Perspective: Sharpening the Focus and Widening the Scope.” The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 50 (2): 127–149. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886314522322.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linnenluecke, M., and A. Griffiths. 2010. “Beyond Adaptation: Resilience for Business in Light of Climate Change and Weather Extremes.” Business & Society 49 (3): 477–511. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650310368814.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lüscher, L. S., and M. W. Lewis. 2008. “Organizational Change and Managerial Sensemaking: Working Through Paradox.” Academy of Management Journal 51 (2): 221–240. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2008.31767217.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, R. 2012. “Regional Economic Resilience, Hysteresis and Recessionary Shocks.” Journal of Economic Geography 12 (1): 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbr019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCann, J. 2004. “Organizational Effectiveness: Changing Concepts for Changing Environments.” People and Strategy 27 (1): 42.
   Google Scholar
• Mehrolia, S., S. Alagarsamy, and V. M. Solaikutty. 2021. “Customers’ Response to Online Food Delivery Services During COVID-19 Outbreak Using Binary Logistic Regression.” International Journal of Consumer Studies 45 (3): 396–408. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12630.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miklian, J., and K. Hoelscher. 2022. “SMEs and Exogenous Shocks: A Conceptual Literature Review and Forward Research Agenda.” International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 40 (2): 178–204. https://doi.org/10.1177/02662426211050796.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Min, H. 2019. “Blockchain Technology for Enhancing Supply Chain Resilience.” Business Horizons 62 (1): 35–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2018.08.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitter, C., M. Postlmayr, and M. Kuttner. 2022. “Risk Management in Small Family Firms: Insights into a Paradox.” Journal of Family Business Management 12 (2): 237–250. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-06-2020-0051.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Münch, C., and E. Hartmann. 2022. “Transforming Resilience in the Context of a Pandemic: Results from a Cross-Industry Case Study Exploring Supply Chain Viability.” International Journal of Production Research 61 (8): 2544–2562. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2022.2029610.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nambisan, S., M. Wright, and M. Feldman. 2019. “The Digital Transformation of Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Progress, Challenges and Key Themes.” Research Policy 48 (8): 103773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2019.03.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orth, D., and P. M. Schuldis. 2021. “Organizational Learning and Unlearning Capabilities for Resilience During COVID-19.” The Learning Organization 28 (6): 509–522. https://doi.org/10.1108/TLO-07-2020-0130.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pal, R., H. Torstensson, and H. Mattila. 2014. “Antecedents of Organizational Resilience in Economic Crises - an Empirical Study of Swedish Textile and Clothing SMEs.” International Journal of Production Economics 147 (PART B): 410–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.02.031.
   Google Scholar
• Pearson, C. M., and J. A. Clair. 1998. “Reframing Crisis Management.” Academy of Management Review 23 (1): 59–76. https://doi.org/10.2307/259099.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedauga, L., F. Sáez, and B. L. Delgado-Márquez. 2022. “Macroeconomic Lockdown and SMEs: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain.” Small Business Economics 58 (2): 665–688. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-021-00476-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phan, P. H., and G. Wood. 2020. “Doomsday Scenarios (Or the Black Swan Excuse for Unpreparedness).” Academy of Management Perspectives 34 (4): 425–433. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2020.0133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponomarov, S. Y., and M. C. Holcomb. 2009. “Understanding the Concept of Supply Chain Resilience.” The International Journal of Logistics Management 20 (1): 124–143. https://doi.org/10.1108/09574090910954873.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Power, K. 2020. “The COVID-19 Pandemic Has Increased the Care Burden of Women and Families.” Sustainability: Science, Practice & Policy 16 (1): 67–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2020.1776561.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pradies, C., I. Aust, R. Bednarek, J. Brandl, S. Carmine, J. Cheal, M. Pina e Cunha, et al. 2021. “The Lived Experience of Paradox: How Individuals Navigate Tensions During the Pandemic Crisis.” Journal of Management Inquiry 30 (2): 154–167. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492620986874.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Priyono, A., A. Moin, and V. Putri. 2020. “Identifying Digital Transformation Paths in the Business Model of SMEs During the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 6 (4): 104. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6040104.
   Google Scholar
• Rainnie, A. 1989. “Flexible Specialisation: A View from the Boundary.” Management Research News 12 (3): 19–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb028026.
   Google Scholar
• Raisch, S., J. Birkinshaw, G. Probst, and M. L. Tushman. 2009. “Organizational Ambidexterity: Balancing Exploitation and Exploration for Sustained Performance.” Organization Science 20 (4): 685–695. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1090.0428.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapaccini, M., N. Saccani, C. Kowalkowski, M. Paiola, and F. Adrodegari. 2020. “Navigating Disruptive Crises Through Service-Led Growth: The Impact of COVID-19 on Italian Manufacturing Firms.” Industrial Marketing Management 88:225–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.05.017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinecke, J., and S. Ansari. 2016. “Taming Wicked Problems: The Role of Framing in the Construction of Corporate Social Responsibility.” Journal of Management Studies 53 (3): 299–329. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12137.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinmoeller, P., and N. Van Baardwijk. 2005. “The Link Between Diversity and Resilience.” MIT Sloan Management Review. https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/the-link-between-diversity-and-resilience/.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renko, M., A. Bullough, and S. Saeed. 2016. “Entrepreneurship Under Adverse Conditions: Global Study of Individual Resilience and Self-Efficacy.” 76th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, AOM 2016, 1901–1906. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2016.290
   Google Scholar
• Runyan, R. C. 2006. “Small Business in the Face of Crisis: Identifying Barriers to Recovery from a Natural Disaster 1.” Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 14 (1): 12–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5973.2006.00477.x.
   Google Scholar
• Santoro, M., O. Cartus, N. Carvalhais, D. M. A. Rozendaal, V. Avitabile, A. Araza, S. de Bruin, et al. 2021. “The Global Forest Above-Ground Biomass Pool for 2010 Estimated from High-Resolution Satellite Observations.” Earth System Science Data 13: 3927–3950. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3927-2021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarkar, S., and S. R. Clegg. 2021. “Resilience in a Time of Contagion: Lessons from Small Businesses During the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Journal of Change Management 21 (2): 242–267. https://doi.org/10.1080/14697017.2021.1917495.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwaiger, K., A. Zehrer, and B. Braun. 2021. “Organizational Resilience in Hospitality Family Businesses During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Approach.” Tourism Review 77 (1): 163–176. https://doi.org/10.1108/tr-01-2021-0035.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma, G., J. Bartunek, P. M. Buzzanell, S. Carmine, C. Endres, M. Etter, G. Fairhurst, et al. 2021. “A Paradox Approach to Societal Tensions During the Pandemic Crisis.” Journal of Management Inquiry 30 (2): 121–137. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492620986604.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simón-Moya, V., L. Revuelto-Taboada, and D. Ribeiro-Soriano. 2016. “Influence of Economic Crisis on New SME Survival: Reality or Fiction?” Entrepreneurship and Regional Development 28 (1–2): 157–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2015.1118560.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smallbone, D., D. Deakins, M. Battisti, and J. Kitching. 2012. “Small Business Responses to a Major Economic Downturn: Empirical Perspectives from New Zealand and the United Kingdom.” International Small Business Journal 30 (7): 754–777. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242612448077.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, W. K., and M. W. Lewis. 2011. “Toward a Theory of Paradox: A Dynamic Equilibrium Model of Organizing.” Academy of Management Review 36 (2): 381–403. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2009.0223.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storey, D., and N. Sykes. 1996. “Uncertainty, Innovation and Management.” Small Business and Entrepreneurship 73–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24911-4_4.
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan-Taylor, B., and L. Branicki. 2011. “Creating Resilient SMEs: Why One Size Might Not Fit All.” International Journal of Production Research 49 (18): 5565–5579. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.563837.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan-Taylor, B., and D. C. Wilson. 2009. “Managing the Threat of Terrorism in British Travel and Leisure Organizations.” Organization Studies 30 (2–3): 251–276. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840608101480.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabesh, P., and D. M. Vera. 2020. “Top managers’ Improvisational Decision-Making in Crisis: A Paradox Perspective.” Management Decision 58 (10): 2235–2256. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-08-2020-1060.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talwar, S., A. Dhir, P. Kaur, and M. Mäntymäki. 2020. “Barriers Toward Purchasing from Online Travel Agencies.” International Journal of Hospitality Management 89:102593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102593.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tedeschi, R. G., and L. Calhoun. 2004. “Posttraumatic Growth: A New Perspective on Psychotraumatology.” Psychiatric Times 21 (4): 58–60.
   Google Scholar
• Uotila, J. 2018. “Punctuated Equilibrium or Ambidexterity Dynamics of Incremental and Radical Organizational Change Over Time.” Industrial and Corporate Change 27 (1): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtx018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vera, D., C. Samba, D. T. Kong, and T. Maldonado. 2021. “Resilience as Thriving: The Role of Positive Leadership Practices.” Organizational Dynamics 50 (2): 100784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2020.100784.
   Google Scholar
• von Briel, F., P. Davidsson, and J. Recker. 2018. “Digital Technologies as External Enablers of New Venture Creation in the IT Hardware Sector.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 42 (1): 47–69. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258717732779.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, W. T., and S. Y. Wu. 2021. “Knowledge Management Based on Information Technology in Response to COVID-19 Crisis.” Knowledge Management Research and Practice 19 (4): 468–474. https://doi.org/10.1080/14778238.2020.1860665.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weick, K. E., and K. M. Sutcliffe. 2001. Managing the Unexpected. Vol. 9. New Jersey: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Welter, F., T. Baker, and K. Wirsching. 2019. “Three Waves and Counting: The Rising Tide of Contextualization in Entrepreneurship Research.” Small Business Economics 52 (2): 319–330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0094-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, N., and T. Vorley. 2014. “Economic Resilience and Entrepreneurship: Lessons from the Sheffield City Region.” Entrepreneurship and Regional Development 26 (3–4): 257–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2014.894129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Y., and S. M. Danes. 2015. “Resiliency and Resilience Process of Entrepreneurs in New Venture Creation.” Entrepreneurship Research Journal 5 (1): 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1515/erj-2013-0076.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yap, S. F., Y. Xu, and L. P. Tan. 2021. “Coping with Crisis: The Paradox of Technology and Consumer Vulnerability.” International Journal of Consumer Studies 45 (6): 1239–1257. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12724.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zighan, S., M. Abualqumboz, N. Dwaikat, and Z. Alkalha. 2021. “The Role of Entrepreneurial Orientation in Developing SMEs’ Resilience Capabilities Throughout COVID-19.” The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 23 (4): 227–239. https://doi.org/10.1177/14657503211046849.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar