References
- Altman , E. 1997 . “ Scientific and research misconduct ” . In Research Misconduct: Issues, Implications, Strategies , Edited by: Altman , E. and Hernon , P. 1 – 32 . Greenwich, Connecticut : Ablex Publishing Corporation .
- Altman , E. and Hernon , P. , eds. 1997 . Research Misconduct: Issues, Implications, Strategies , Greenwich, Connecticut : Ablex Publishing Corporation .
- Ashworth , A. 1992 . “ Three techniques for reducing sentence disparity ” . In Principled Sentencing , Edited by: von Hirsch , A. and Ashworth , A. 282 – 291 . York, PA : Northeastern University Press .
- Baier , K. 1966 . Moral obligation . American Philosophical Quarterly , 3 ( 3 ) : 210 – 226 . [CSA]
- Baier , K. 1987 . “ Moral and legal responsibility ” . In Medical Innovation and Bad Outcomes: Legal, Social, and Ethical Responses , Edited by: Siegler , M. , Toulmin , S. , Zimring , F.E. and Schaffner , K. 101 – 129 . Ann Arbor, MI. : Health Administration Press .
- Broad , W. and Wade , N. 1982 . Betrayers of the Truth , New York : Simon and Schuster .
- CHPS Consulting (2000). Final Report: Analysis of Institutional Policies for Responding to Allegations of Research Misconduct, (Contracted Report No. 282–98–0008: Submitted to Office of Research Integrity, September 29) Columbia, MD
- Dresser , R. 1993a . Sanctions for research misconduct: A legal perspective . Academic Medicine , 9 ( 68 ) : S39 – S43 . [CSA]
- Dresser , R. 1993b . Defining scientific misconduct: The relevance of mental state . Journal of the American Medical Association , 269 ( 7 ) : 895 – 897 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
- Douglas , J. D. 1993 . Deviance in the practice of science . Academic Medicine , 68 ( 9 ) : 577 – 583 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
- Dubber , M. D. 2000 . Penal Panopticon: The idea of a modern Model Penal Code . Buffalo Criminal Law Review , 4 : 53 – 100 . [CSA]
- Ferzan, K. K. (2002). Don’t abandon the Model Penal Code yet! Thinking through Simons’s Rethinking, Buffalo Criminal Law Review, 6(1): 185–217
- Friedman , P. J. 1993 . (Ed.) Integrity in biomedical research . Academic Medicine , 68 ( 3 ) : S1 – S102 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Guenin , L. M. 1996 . The logical geography of concepts and shared responsibilities concerning research misconduct . Academic Medicine , 71 ( 6 ) : 595 – 603 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
- Kohn , A. 1986 . False Prophets , New York : Basil Blackwell .
- LaFollette , M. C. 1992 . Stealing into Print: Fraud, Plagiarism, and Misconduct in Scientific Publishing , Berkeley, California : University of California Press .
- LaFollette , M. C. 1994a . The politics of research misconduct: Congressional oversight, universities, and science . Journal of Higher Education , 65 ( 3 ) : 261 – 287 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
- LaFollette , M. C. 1994b . The pathology of research fraud: The history and politics of the US experience . Journal of Internal Medicine , 235 : 129 – 135 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Hart , H. L. A. 1977 . “ Legal responsibility and excuses ” . In Philosophical Issues in Law: Cases and Materials , Edited by: Kipnis , K. 10 – 28 . Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey : Prentice-Hall, Inc .
- Lock , S. 1994 . Research misconduct: A brief history and comparison . Journal of Internal Medicine , 235 : 123 – 127 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Lubalin , J. S. , Matheson , J. L. and Ardini , M.-A. E. 1996 . Survey of Accused but Exonerated Individuals in Research Misconduct Cases , Washington, D.C. : Research Triangle Institute .
- Martin , E. A. , ed. 1997 . Dictionary of Law , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
- National Academy of Sciences . 1992 . Responsible Science: Ensuring the Integrity of the Research Process, Volume I , Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press .
- National Academy of Sciences . 1993 . “ Methods, definitions, and basic assumptions: Panel on Scientific Responsibility and the Conduct of Research ” . In The Ethical Dimensions of the Biological Sciences , Edited by: Bulger , R. E. , Heitman , E. and Reiser , S. J. 106 – 113 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
- Office of Research Integrity. (1997). Model Policy for Responding to Allegations of Scientific Misconduct. Retrieved, from the World Wide Web Available at http://www.ori.dhhs.gov/documents/model_policy_responding_allegations.pdf (Accessed: 21 June 2005 ).
- Office of Research Integrity. (2001). Office of Research Integrity Website. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved, from the World Wide Web Available at www.ori.dhhs.gov (Accessed: 13 January 2001 ).
- Office of Research Integrity . 2005 . Eight research misconduct findings made in 2004 . ORI Newsletter , 13 ( 2 ) March : 1 – 6 . [CSA]
- Office of Science and Technology Policy (2000a). Federal Policy on Research Misconduct. Retrieved, from the World Wide Web Available at http://www.ostp.gov/html/001207_3.html (Accessed: 10 January 2001 ).
- Office of Science and Technology Policy . 2000b . Notification of final policy; Federal policy on research misconduct; Preamble for research misconduct policy . Federal Register , 65 ( 235 ) : 76260 – 76264 . [CSA]
- Parrish , D. M. 2004 . Scientific misconduct and findings against graduate and medical students . Science and Engineering Ethics , 10 : 483 – 491 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Pincoffs , E. L. 1966 . The Rationale of Legal Punishment , New York : Humanities Press .
- Primoratz , I. 1989 . Justifying Legal Punishment , Atlantic Highlands, NJ : Humanities Press International, Inc .
- Resnik , D. B. 2003 . From Baltimore to Bell Labs: Reflections on two decades of debate about scientific misconduct . Accountability in Research , 10 : 123 – 135 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
- Rhodes , R. and Strain , J. J. 2004 . The Olivieri Symposium: Whistleblowing in academic medicine . Journal of Medical Ethics , 30 : 35 – 39 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
- Ryan, K. J. (1995). Integrity and Misconduct in Research: Report of the Commission on Research Integrity. Commission on Research Integrity. Retrieved, from the World Wide Web Available at http://gopher.faseb.org/opar/cri.html (Accessed: 13 January 2000 ).
- Thompson , J. J. 1986 . Rights, Restitution, and Risk: Essays in Moral Theory , Cambridge, Massachusetts : Harvard University Press .
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services . 1993 . Office of Research Integrity: An Introduction , Rockville, MD : Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, Public Health Service, Office of Research Integrity .
- von Hirsch , A. 1992 . “ Proportionate punishments ” . In Principled Sentencing , Edited by: von Hirsch , A. and Ashworth , A. 195 – 200 . York, PA : Northeastern University Press .
- von Hirsch , A. and Ashworth , A. , eds. 1992 . Principled Sentencing , York, PA : Northeastern University Press .
- Wilmshurst , P. 1997 . The code of silence . The Lancet , 349 ( 9051 ) : 567 – 569 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
- Ziman , J. 1984 . An Introduction to Science Studies: The Philosophical and Social Aspects of Science and Technology , New York : Cambridge University Press .
- Zimmerman , M. J. 1987 . Luck and moral responsibility . Ethics , 97 ( 2 ) : 374 – 386 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]