International scientific collaborative activities and barriers to them in eight societies

References

• Aarons, G. A., C. Seijo, A. E. Green, J. C. Moullin, H. Hasson, U. von Thiele Schwartz, S. James, et al. 2019. “Fostering International Collaboration in Implementation Science and Research: A Concept Mapping Exploratory Study.” BMC Research Notes 12: 778. doi:10.1186/s13104-019-4800-4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abbey, G., and N. F. Lane. 2009. United States Space Policy: Challenges and Opportunities Gone Astray. Cambridge: American Academies.
   Google Scholar
• Adams, J. 2013. “The Fourth Age of Research.” Nature 497: 557–560. doi:10.1038/497557a.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Academy of Arts & Sciences. 2014. Restoring the Foundation: The Vital Role of Research in Preserving the American Dream. Boston: Amer Acad.
   Google Scholar
• Barjak, F., and S. Robinson. 2008. “International Collaboration, Mobility and Team Diversity in the Life Sciences: Impact on Research Performance.” Social Geography 3: 23–36. doi:10.5194/sg-3-23-2008.
   Google Scholar
• Barrios, C., E. Flores, M. A. Martínez, and M. Ruiz-Martínez. 2019. “Is There Convergence in International Research Collaboration? An Exploration at the Country Level in the Basic and Applied Science Fields.” Scientometrics 120 (2): 631–659. doi:10.1007/s11192-019-03133-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blount, P. J. 2008. “The ITAR Treaty and Its Implications for U.S. Space Exploration Policy and the Commercial Space Industry.” Journal of Air Law and Commerce 73 (3): 705–722.
   Google Scholar
• Bozeman, B., and E. Corley. 2004. “Scientists’ Collaboration Strategies: Implications for Scientific and Technical Human Capital.” Research Policy 33: 599–616. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2004.01.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coccia, M., and L. Wang. 2016. “Evolution and Convergence of the Patterns of International Scientific Collaboration.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113 (8): 2057–2061. doi:10.1073/pnas.1510820113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Culhane, J. L., and J. C. Worms. 2001. “Improving the Effectiveness of International Collaboration in Space Science.” Space Policy 17 (3): 179–186. doi:10.1016/S0265-9646(01)00028-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ecklund, E. H., D. R. Johnson, C. P. Scheitle, K. R. W. Matthews, and S. W. Lewis. 2016. “Religion among Scientists in International Context: A New Study of Scientists in Eight Regions.” Socius 2: 1–9. doi:10.1177/2378023116664353.
   Google Scholar
• Ecklund, E. H., D. R. Johnson, B. Vaidyanathan, K. R. W. Matthews, S. W. Lewis, R. A. Thomson, and D. Di. 2019. Secularity and Science: What Scientists around the World Really Think about Religion. New York: Oxford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ecklund, E. H., C. P. Scheitle, and J. Peifer. 2018. “The Religiosity of Academic Scientists in the United Kingdom: Assessing the Role of Discipline and Department Status.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 57 (4): 743–757. doi:10.1111/jssr.12552.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gui, Q. C., C. Lui, and D. B. Du. 2019. “Globalization of Science and International Scientific Collaboration: A Network Perspective.” Geoforum 105: 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2019.06.017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagstrom, W. 1964. “Anomy in Scientific Communities.” Social Problems 12: 186–195. doi:10.2307/798981.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermanowicz, J. C. 2009. Lives in Science: How Institutions Affect Academic Careers. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hoekman, J., T. Scherngell, K. Frenken, and R. Tijssen. 2012. “Acquisition of European Research Funds and Its Effect on International Scientific Collaborations.” Journal of Economic Geography 2012: 1–30. doi:10.1093/jeg/lbs001.
   Google Scholar
• Hwang, K. 2013. “Effects of the Language Barrier on Processes and Performance of International Scientific Collaboration, Collaborators’ Participation, Organizational Integrity, and Interorganizational Relationships.” Science Communication 35 (1): 3–31. doi:10.1177/1075547012437442.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang, Y. S., and Y. K. Ko. 2019. “How Latecomers Catch up to Leaders in High-energy Physics as Big Science: Transition from National System to International Collaboration.” Scientometrics 119 (1): 437–480. doi:10.1007/s11192-019-03030-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeanmonod, D., and M. S. Firstenberg. 2019. “Barriers to International Research Collaboration Due to U.S. Sanctions.” International Journal of Critical Illness & Injury Science 9 (1): 3–4. doi:10.7103/IJCIIS.IJCIIS_9_19.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jeong, S., J. Y. Choi, and J.-K. Kim. 2013. “On the Drivers of International Collaboration: The Impact of Informal Communication, Motivation, and Research Resources.” Science and Public Policy 41 (4): 520–531. doi:10.1093/scipol/sct079.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, B. F., S. Wuchty, and B. Uzzi. 2008. “Multi-University Research Teams: Shifting Impact, Geography, and Stratification in Science.” Science 322 (5905): 1259–1262. doi:10.1126/science.1158357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lane, N. L., K. R. W. Matthews, and S. W. Lewis. 2009. “Science Collaboration across Borders.” Policy Report 42. Baker Institute. http://www.bakerinstitute.org/files/7209/
   Google Scholar
• Lariviere, V., Y. Gingras, C. R. Sugimoto, and A. Tsou. 2015. “Team Size Matters: Collaboration and Scientific Impact since 1900.” Journal Association for Information Science and Technology 66 (7): 1323–1332. doi:10.1002/asi.23266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leydesdorff, L., L. Bornmann, and C. S. Wagner. 2019. “The Relative Influences of Government Funding and International Collaboration on Citation Impact.” Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology 70 (2): 198–201. doi:10.1002/asi.24109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leydesdorff, L., and C. S. Wagner. 2008. “International Collaboration in Science and the Formation of a Core Group.” Journal of Informetrics 2 (4): 317–325. doi:10.1016/j.joi.2008.07.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leydesdorff, L. S., H. W. Park, and C. S. Wagner. 2014. “International Co-authorship Relations in the Social Science Citation Index: Is Internationalization Leading the Network?” Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology 65 (10): 2111–2126. doi:10.1002/asi.23102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McInroy, G. R., C. A. Lichten, B. Ioppolo, S. Parks, and S. Guthrie. 2018. International Movement and Science: A Survey of Researchers by the Together Science Can Campaign. Santa Monica, CA: RAND. doi:10.7249/RR2690.
   Google Scholar
• Narin, F., K. Stevens, and E. S. Whitlow. 1991. “Scientific Co-operation in Europe and the Citation of Multinationally Authored Papers.” Scientometrics 21 (3): 313–323. doi:10.1007/BF02093973.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Academy of Science, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM). 2007. Rising above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for the Brighter Economic Future. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
   Google Scholar
• National Science Board (NSB), National Science Foundation (NSF). 2018. “Cross-National Comparisons of R&D Performance.” In Science and Engineering Indicators 2018. Washington, DC: NSF.
   Google Scholar
• Noonan, V. K., E. Chan, K. Bassett-Spiers, D. J. Berlowitz, F. Biering-Sorensen, S. Charlifue, M. Graco, et al. 2018. “Facilitators and Barriers to International Collaboration in Spinal Cord Injury: Results from a Survey of Clinicians and Researchers.” Journal of Neurotrauma 35 (3): 478–485. doi:10.1089/neu.2017.5036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NSB, NSF. 2019. “Publication Output: U.S. Trends and International Comparisons.” In Science and Engineering Indicators 2020. Alexandria, VA: NSF.
   Google Scholar
• NSB, NSF. 2020a. “Global R&D.” In Science and Engineering Indicators 2020: The State of U.S. Science and Engineering. Alexandria, VA: NSF.
   Google Scholar
• NSB, NSF. 2020b. “Research and Development: U.S. Trends and International Comparisons.” In Science and Engineering Indicators 2020. Alexandria, VA: NSF.
   Google Scholar
• Parker, J. N., C. Lortie, and S. Allesina. 2010. “Characterizing Scientific Elite: The Social Characteristics of the Most Highly Cited Scientists in Environmental Science and Ecology.” Scientometrics 85: 129–143. doi:10.1007/s11192-010-0234-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pew Center Research. 2015. “Appendix B: About the AAAS Scientists Survey.” In Public and Scientists’ Views on Science and Society. Washington, DC: PEW.
   Google Scholar
• Royal Society. 2011. Knowledge, Networks, and Nations: Global Scientific Collaboration in the 21st Century. London: Royal Society, London.
   Google Scholar
• See, M. 2018. “International Collaboration: Are the Challenges Worth the Benefits?” Journal of Animal Science 95: 2. doi:10.1093/jas/sky404.003.
   Google Scholar
• Sugimoto, C. R., N. Robinson-Garcia, D. S. Murray, A. Yegros-Yegros, R. Costas, and V. Larivière. 2017. “Scientists Have the Most Impact When They’re Free to Move.” Nature 550: 29–31. doi:10.1038/550029a.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner, C. S. 2006. “International Collaboration in Science and Technology: Promises and Pitfalls.” In Science and Technology Policy for Development, Dialogues at the Interface, edited by L. Box and R. Engelhard. London: Anthem Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wagner, C. S. 2018. The Collaborative Era in Science: Governing the Network. Cham, CH: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Wagner, C. S., and F. Fukuyama. 2009. The New Invisible College: Science for Development. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wagner, C. S., E. Horlings, T. A. Whetsell, P. Mattsson, and K. Nordqvist. 2015. “Do Nobel Laureates Create Prize-Winning Networks? An Analysis of Collaborative Research in Physiology or Medicine.” Plos One 10 (8): e0136478. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0136478.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner, C. S., and K. Jonkers. 2017. “Open Countries Have Strong Science.” Nature 550: 32–33. doi:10.1038/550032a.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner, C. S., and L. Leydesdorff. 2005. “Network Structure, Self-organization, and the Growth of International Collaboration in Science.” Research Policy 34 (10): 1608–1618. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2005.08.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widmer, R. J., J. M. Widmer, and A. Lerman. 2015. “International Collaboration: Promises and Challenges.” Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal 6 (2): e0012. doi:10.5041/RMMJ.10196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar