Long-term art therapy clinical interventions with military service members with traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress: Findings from a mixed methods program evaluation study

References

• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed. ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Bahraini, N. H., Breshears, R. E., Hernández, T. D., Schneider, A. L., Forster, J. E., & Brenner, L. A. (2014). Traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 37(1), 55–75. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2013.11.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker, D. G., Heppner, P., Afari, N., Nunnink, S., Kilmer, M., Simmons, A., … & Bosse, B. (2009). Trauma exposure, branch of service, and physical injury in relation to mental health among US Veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan. Military Medicine, 174(8), 733–778. doi:10.7205/MILMED-D-03-3808
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berberian, M., Walker, M. S., & Kaimal, G. (2018). ‘Master My Demons’: Art therapy montage paintings by active-duty military service members with traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress. Medical Humanities. Advance Online Publication. doi:10.1136/medhum-2018-011493
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2012). Thematic analysis. In H. Cooper (Ed.), APA handbook of research methods in psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 57–71). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Coleman, J. A. (2016). Racial differences in posttraumatic stress disorder in military personnel: Intergenerational transmission of trauma as a theoretical lens. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 25(6), 561–579. doi:10.1080/10926771.2016.1157842
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decker, K. P., Deaver, S. P., Abbey, V., Campbell, M., & Turpin, C. (2019). Quantitatively improved treatment outcomes for combat-associated PTSD with adjunctive art therapy: Randomized controlled trial. Art Therapy. Advance Online Publication. doi:10.1080/07421656.2018.1540822
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center. (2017). DoD worldwide numbers for TBI. Retrieved from http://dvbic.dcoe.mil/dod-worldwide-numbers-tbi.
   Google Scholar
• Department of Veterans Affairs & Department of Defense. (2016). Clinical practice guideline for the management of concussion-mild traumatic brain injury. Retrieved from https://www.healthquality.va.gov/guidelines/Rehab/mtbi/mTBICPGFullCPG50821816.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Dolan, S., Martindale, S., Robinson, J., Kimbrel, N. A., Meyer, E. C., Kruse, M. I., … & Gulliver, S. B. (2012). Neuropsychological sequelae of PTSD and TBI following war deployment among OEF/OIF veterans. Neuropsychology Review, 22(1), 21–34. doi:10.1007/s11065-012-9190-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eren, N., Öğünç, N. E., Keser, V., Bıkmaz, S., Şahin, D., & Saydam, B. (2014). Psychosocial, symptomatic and diagnostic changes with long-term psychodynamic art psychotherapy for personality disorders. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 41(4), 375–385. doi:10.1016/j.aip.2014.06.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gantt, L., & Vesprini, M. E. (2017). Using the instinctual trauma response model in a military setting. In P. Howie (Ed.), Art therapy with military populations: History, innovation, and applications (pp. 147–156). New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Goodman, D., Ogrinc, G., Davies, L., Baker, G. R., Barnsteiner, J., Foster, T. C., ... & Leis, J. (2016). Explanation and elaboration of the SQUIRE (Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence) Guidelines, V. 2.0: Examples of SQUIRE elements in the healthcare improvement literature. BMJ Quality & Safety, 25(12), e7–e7.
   Google Scholar
• Greenwood, H. (2011). Long term individual art psychotherapy. Art for art’s sake: The effect of early relational trauma. International Journal of Art Therapy, 16(1), 41–51. doi:10.1080/17454832.2011.570274
   Google Scholar
• Greenwood, H., Leach, C., Lucock, M., & Noble, R. (2007). The process of long-term art therapy: A case study combining artwork and clinical outcome. Psychotherapy Research, 17(5), 588–599. doi:10.1080/10503300701227550
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, D. A. (2009). The paradox of expressing speechless terror: Ritual liminality in the creative arts therapies’ treatment of posttraumatic distress. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 36(2), 94–104. doi:10.1016/j.aip.2009.01.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, J. P., Walker, M. S., Drass, J. M., & Kaimal, G. (2017). Art therapy interventions for active duty military service members with post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury. International Journal of Art Therapy (Formerly Inscape). doi:10.1080/17454832.2017.1388263
   Google Scholar
• Kaimal, G. & Blank, C.L. (2015). Program evaluation: A doorway to research in the creative arts therapies. Art Therapy: Journal of the American Art Therapy Association, 32 (2), 89–92. doi:10.1080/07421656.2015.1028310
   Google Scholar
• Kaimal, G., Jones, J. P., Dieterich-Hartwell, R., Acharya, B., & Wang, X. (2018). Evaluation of long- and short-term art therapy interventions in an integrative care setting for military service members with post-traumatic stress and traumatic brain injury. The Arts in Psychotherapy. Advance Online Publication. doi:10.1016/j.aip.2018.10.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kline, A., Falca-Dodson, M., Sussner, B., Ciccone, D. S., Chandler, H., Callahan, L., & Losonczy, M. (2010). Effects of repeated deployment to Iraq and Afghanistan on the health of New Jersey Army National Guard troops: Implications for military readiness. American Journal of Public Health, 100(2), 276–283. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.162925
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroch, R. (2009). Living with military-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)—a hermeneutic phenomenological study (Doctoral dissertation). University of Calgary. Retrieved from http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/thesescanada/vol2/002/NR54472.PDF
   Google Scholar
• Lande, R. G., Tarpley, V., Francis, J. L., & Boucher, R. (2010). Combat trauma art therapy scale. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 37(1), 42–45. doi:10.1016/j.aip.2009.09.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landless, B. M., Walker, M. S., & Kaimal, G. (2018). Using human and computer-based text analysis of clinical notes to understand military service members’ experiences with therapeutic writing. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 62, 77–84. doi:10.1016/j.aip.2018.10.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lobban, J. (2014). The invisible wound: Veterans’ art therapy. International Journal of Art Therapy, 19(1), 3–18. doi:10.1080/17454832.2012.725547
   Google Scholar
• Lobban, J. (2016). Factors that influence engagement in an inpatient art therapy group for veterans with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. International Journal of Art Therapy, 21(1), 15–22. doi:10.1080/17454832.2015.1124899
   Google Scholar
• Lobban, J. (Ed.). (2017). Art therapy with military veterans: Trauma and the image. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• McCarthy, N. (2018, March 21). 2.77 million service members have deployed since 9/11. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/chart/13292/277-million-service-members-have-deployed-since-9-11/
   Google Scholar
• Nanda, U., Barbato Gaydos, H. L., Hathorn, K., & Watkins, N. (2010). Art and posttraumatic stress: A review of the empirical literature on the therapeutic implications of artwork for war veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Environment and Behavior, 42(3), 376–390. doi:10.1177/0013916510361874
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Endowment for the Arts. (2015, November 12) Creative arts therapy a useful tool for military patients. Author. Retrieved from https://www.arts.gov/news/2015/creative-arts-therapy-useful-tool-military-patients
   Google Scholar
• Pachalska, M., Pronina, M. V., Mańko, G., Chantsoulis, M., Mirski, A., Kaczmarek, B., … Kropotov, J. D. (2013). Evaluation of neurotherapy program for a patient with clinical symptoms of schizophrenia and severe TBI using event-related potentials. Acta Neuropsychologica, 11(4), 435–449.
   Google Scholar
• Palmer, E., Hill, K., Lobban, J., & Murphy, D. (2017). Veterans’ perspectives on the acceptability of art therapy: A mixed-methods study. International Journal of Art Therapy, 22(3), 132–137. doi:10.1080/17454832.2016.1277250
   Google Scholar
• Ramchand, R., Schell, T. L., Karney, B. R., Osilla, K. C., Burns, R. M., & Caldarone, L. B. (2010). Disparate prevalence estimates of PTSD among service members who served in Iraq and Afghanistan: Possible explanations. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 23(1), 59–68. doi:10.1002/jts.20486
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reger, M. A., Gahm, G. A., Swanson, R. D., & Duma, S. J. (2009). Association between number of deployments to Iraq and mental health screening outcomes in US army soldiers. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 70(9), 1266–1272. doi:10.4088/JCP.08m04361
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, A. (2016). A literature review of the therapeutic mechanisms of art therapy for veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. International Journal of Art Therapy, 21(2), 66–74. doi:10.1080/17454832.2016.1170055
   Google Scholar
• Spiegel, D., Malchiodi, C., Backos, A., & Collie, K. (2006). Art therapy for combat-related PTSD: Recommendations for research and practice. Art Therapy, 23(4), 157–164. doi:10.1080/07421656.2006.10129335
   Google Scholar
• Steenkamp, M. M., Litz, B. T., & Marmar, C. R. (2020). First-line psychotherapies for military-related PTSD. JAMA. 323 7 656 doi:10.1001/jama.2019.20825
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Summerall, E. L. (2017). Traumatic brain injury and PTSD: Focus on veterans. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs: PTSD: National Center for PTSD. Retrieved from https://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/co-occurring/traumatic-brain-injury-ptsd.asp
   Google Scholar
• Tanielian, T., Jaycox, L. H., Schell, T. L., Marshall, G. N., Burnam, M. A., Eibner, C., … Vaiana, M. E. (2008). Invisible wounds: Mental health and cognitive care needs of America’s returning veterans. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation. Retrieved from https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9336.html
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Government Accountability Office. (2011). VA mental health: Number of veterans receiving care, barriers faced, and efforts to increase access (GAO-12-12). Retrieved from http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-12-12.
   Google Scholar
• Van der Kolk, B. (2014). The body keeps the score: Brain, mind, and body in the healing of trauma. New York, NY: Viking.
   Google Scholar
• Walker, M. S., Kaimal, G., Gonzaga, A. M., Myers-Coffman, K. A., & DeGraba, T. J. (2017). Active-duty military service members’ visual representations of PTSD and TBI in masks. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 12(1), 1–12. doi:10.1080/17482631.2016.1267317
   Google Scholar
• Walker, M. S., Kaimal, G., Koffman, R., & DeGraba, T. J. (2016). Art therapy for PTSD and TBI: A senior active duty military service member’s therapeutic journey. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 49, 10–18. doi:10.1016/j.aip.2016.05.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wall, P. L. (2012). Posttraumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury in current military populations: A critical analysis. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 18(5), 278–298. doi:10.1177/1078390312460578
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yurgil, K. A., Barkauskas, D. A., Vasterling, J. J., Nievergelt, C. M., Larson, G. E., Schork, N. J., … & Baker, D. G. (2014). Association between traumatic brain injury and risk of posttraumatic stress disorder in active-duty marines. JAMA Psychiatry, 71(2), 149–157. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.3080
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar