Diversity, equity, and inclusion correlates of racial/ethnic harassment and discrimination in the U.S. military

References

• Antecol, H., & Cobb-Clark, D. (2009). Racial harassment, job satisfaction, and intentions to remain in the military. Journal of Population Economics, 22(3), 713–738. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-007-0176-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergman, M. E., Palmieri, P. A., Drasgow, F., & Ormerod, A. J. (2012). Racial/Ethnic harassment and discrimination, its antecedents, and its effect on job-related outcomes. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 17(1), 65–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026430
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bezrukova, K., Spell, C. S., Perry, J. L., & Jehn, K. A. (2016). A meta-analytical integration of over 40 years of research on diversity training evaluation. Psychological Bulletin, 142(11), 1227–1274. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000067
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breslin, R., Klahr, A., & Neria, A. (2020). The continuum of harm: Examining the correlates of sexual assault victimization [Report No. 2020-093]. Office of People Analytics.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, T. A., Ratwani, K. L., Key-Roberts, M. J., Simmons, M. J., Toumbeva, T. H., & Nishii, L. H. (2020). Contextualizing inclusion: Developing a framework and measure for a military context. Military Psychology, 32(4), 313–328. https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2020.1754147
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bupp, C. (2018). Inclusion at Work DEOCS 4.1 construct validity summary [Report No. 10-18]. DEOMI Press. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/AD1053298.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Burk, J., & Espinoza, E. (2012). Race relations within the US military. Annual Review of Sociology, 38(1), 401–422. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-071811-145501
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chavez, L. J., Ornelas, I. J., Lyles, C. R., & Williams, E. C. (2015). Racial/Ethnic workplace discrimination: Association with tobacco and alcohol use. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 48(1), 42–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2014.08.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clare, R., Lawhead, A., Dahl, J., Klahr, A., Schreiner, J., Moore, A., Neria, A., McGrath, D., Murray, C., Peebles, H., Trump-Steele, R., Hylton, K., Harcey, S., Vega, R., Tuskeviciute, R., Tercha, J., Barry, A., Owen, B., & Mirani, K. (2021). Defense organizational climate survey (DEOCS) redesign: Phase 1 overview report [Report No. 2021-158]. Office of People Analytics. https://opa.mil/
   Google Scholar
• Daniel, S., Claros, Y., & Klahr, A. (2021). Impact of experiencing racial/ethnic harassment and/or discrimination on the readiness of active duty members [Report No. 2021-046]. Office of People Analytics. https://opa.mil/
   Google Scholar
• Daniel, S., Claros, Y., Namrow, N., Siebel, M., Campbell, A., McGrath, D., & Klahr, A. (2019). 2017 workplace and equal opportunity survey of active duty members executive report [Report No. 2018-023]. Office of People Analytics. https://opa.mil/
   Google Scholar
• Daniel, S., Namrow, N., Siebel, M., & Newell, C. (2018). 2015 workplace and equal opportunity survey of reserve component members overview report [Report No. 2017- 020]. Office of People Analytics. https://opa.mil/
   Google Scholar
• Dayan, M., Ozer, M., & Almazrouei, H. (2017). The role of functional and demographic diversity on new product creativity and the moderating impact of project uncertainty. Industrial Marketing Management, 61, 144–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2016.04.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Defense Manpower Data Center. (2012). 2009 workplace and equal opportunity survey of active duty members: Report on scales and measures [Report No. 2009-035].
   Google Scholar
• Department of Defense. (2020a). Department of defense board on diversity and inclusion report: Recommendations to improve racial and ethnic diversity and inclusion in the U.S. military. https://media.defense.gov/2020/Dec/18/2002554852/-1/-1/0/DOD-DIVERSITY-AND-INCLUSION-FINAL-BOARD-REPORT.PDF
   Google Scholar
• Department of Defense. (2020b). 2018 demographics: Profile of the military community. https://download.militaryonesource.mil/12038/MOS/Reports/2018-demographics-report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Department of Defense. (2020c). DoD diversity & inclusion management program (Instruction 1020.05).
   Google Scholar
• Department of Defense. (2020d). DoD policy on integrated primary prevention of self-directed harm and prohibited abuse or harm (Instruction 6400.09).
   Google Scholar
• Diaz-Garcia, C., Gonzalez-Moreno, A., & Saez-Martinez, F. J. (2013). Gender diversity within R&D teams: Its impact on radicalness of innovation. Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice, 15(2), 149–160. https://doi.org/10.5172/impp.2013.15.2.149
   Google Scholar
• Downey, S. N., van der Werff, L., Thomas, K. M., & Plaut, V. C. (2015). The role of diversity practices and inclusion in promoting trust and employee engagement. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 45(1), 35–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12273
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esper, M. (2020). Immediate actions to address diversity, inclusion, and equal opportunity in the military services (memorandum). Department of Defense.
   Google Scholar
• Executive Order No. 8802. (1948, July 26). Prohibition of discrimination in the defense industry..
   Google Scholar
• Herring, C. (2009). Does diversity pay? Race, gender, and the business case for diversity. American Sociological Review, 74(2), 208–224. https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240907400203
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofhuis, J., van der Rijt, P. G. A., & Vlug, M. (2016). Diversity climate enhances work outcomes through trust and openness in workgroup communication. SpringerPlus, 5(1), 714–728. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-2499-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Holmes, T. A. (2016). How to connect diversity to performance. Performance Improvement, 55(6), 32–38. https://doi.org/10.1002/pfi.21594
   Google Scholar
• Kamarch, K. N. (2015). Diversity, inclusion and equal opportunity in the armed services: Background and issues for congress [Report No. R44321]. Congressional Research Service.
   Google Scholar
• Larsen, S. E., Nye, C. D., Ormerod, A. J., Ziebro, M., & Siebert, J. E. (2013). Do actions speak louder than words? A comparison of three organizational practices for reducing racial/ethnic harassment and discrimination. Military Psychology, 25(6), 602–614. https://doi.org/10.1037/mil0000024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, D. L., & Ahn, S. (2012). Discrimination against Latina/os: A meta-analysis of individual-level resources and outcomes. The Counseling Psychologist, 40(1), 28–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000011403326
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Low, K. D., Radhakrishnan, P., Schneider, K. T., & Rounds, J. (2007). The experiences of bystanders of workplace ethnic harassment. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37(10), 2261–2297. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2007.00258.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews, M., Farris, C., Schell, T. L., & Gore, K. L. (2021a). Survey for assessing racial/ethnic harassment and discrimination in the U.S. military [Report No: RR-A1246-2]. RAND Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Matthews, M., Farris, C., Morral, A., Schell, T. L., & Keller, K. M. (2021b). Survey instrument to assess the prevalence of hazing and bullying in the active-duty U.S. military [Report No: RR-A1246-1]. RAND Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Office of People Analytics. (2018a). 2017 workplace and equal opportunity survey of active duty members: Statistical methodology report [Report No. 2018-024]. https://opa.mil/
   Google Scholar
• Office of People Analytics. (2018b). 2017 workplace and equal opportunity survey of active duty members: Tabulations of responses [Report No. 2018-022]. https://opa.mil/
   Google Scholar
• Ormerod, A. J., Lee, W. C., Fitzgerald, L. F., & Drasgow, F. (2001). The 2000 armed forces sexual harassment survey: Report of scales and measures of the Y2K pilot survey [Report No. 2001-004]. Defense Manpower Data Center.
   Google Scholar
• Raver, J. L., & Nishii, L. H. (2010). Once, twice, or three times as harmful? Ethnic harassment, gender harassment, and generalized workplace harassment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(2), 236–254. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018377
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenfeld, P., Newell, C., & Le, S. (1998). Equal opportunity climate of women and minorities in the Navy: Results from the navy equal opportunity/sexual harassment (NEOSH) survey. Military Psychology, 10(2), 69–85. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327876mp1002_1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samuelson, H., Trump-Steele, R., Severance, L., Sieble, M., Luchman, J., Doston, H., & Klahr, A. (2021). 2018 contextual risk factors associated with sexual assault and sexual harassment in active duty [Report No. 2021-06]. Office of People Analytics.
   Google Scholar
• Schneider, K. T., Hitlan, R. T., & Radhakrishnan, P. (2000). An examination of the nature and correlates of ethnic harassment experiences in multiple contexts. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(1), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.85.1.3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slater, S. F., Weigand, R. A., & Zwirlein, T. J. (2008). The business case for commitment to diversity. Business Horizons, 51(3), 201–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2008.01.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slopen, N., & Williams, D. R. (2014). Discrimination, other psychosocial stressors, and self-reported sleep duration and difficulties. Sleep, 37(1), 147–156. https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.3326
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stainback, K., & Irvin, M. (2012). Workplace racial composition, perceived discrimination, and organizational attachment. Social Science Research, 41(3), 657–670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2011.11.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh, B. M., Matthews, R. A., Tuller, M. D., Parks, K. M., & McDonald, D. P. (2010). A multilevel model of the effects of equal opportunity climate on job satisfaction in the military. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15(2), 191–207. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018756
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar