Root biomass dynamics in a semi-natural grassland exposed to elevated atmospheric CO₂ for five years

References

• Arnone , JA, III , Zaller , JG , Spehn , EM , Niklaus , PA , Wells , CE and Körner , C . 2000 . Dynamics of root systems in native grasslands: effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 . New Phytol. , 147 : 73 – 85 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bazzaz , FA . 1990 . The response of natural ecosystems to the rising global CO2 levels . Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , 21 : 167 – 196 .
   Google Scholar
• Bland , WL and Dugas , WA . 1988 . Root length density from minirhizotron observations . Agron. J. , 80 : 271 – 275 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bragg , PL , Govi , G and Cannell , RQ . 1983 . A comparison of methods, including angled and vertical minirhizotrons, for studying root growth and distribution in a spring oat crop . Plant Soil. , 73 : 435 – 440 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cannell , MGR and Thornley , JHM . 1998 . N-deficient ecosystems may respond more to elevated CO2 than N-rich ones in the long term: a model analysis of grassland . Glob. Change Biol. , 4 : 431 – 442 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darrah , PR . 1996 . Rhizodeposition under ambient and elevated CO2 levels . Plant Soil , 187 : 265 – 275 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farquhar , GD , Dubbe , DR and Raschke , K . 1978 . Gain of the feedback loop involving carbon dioxide and stomata, theory and measurement . Plant Physiol. , 62 : 406 – 412 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitter , AH , Graves , JD , Wolfenden , J , Self , GK , Brown , TK , Bogie , D and Mansfield , TA . 1997 . Root production and turnover and carbon budgets of two contrasting grasslands under ambient and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations . New Phytol. , 137 : 247 – 255 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gill , RA , Polley , HW , Johnson , HB , Anderson , LJ , Maherali , H and Jackson , RB . 2002 . Non-linear grassland responses to past and future atmospheric CO2 . Nature , 417 : 279 – 282 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goss , RL and Law , AG . 1967 . Performance of bluegrass varieties at two cutting heights and two nitrogen levels . Agron. J. , 59 : 516 – 518 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kätterer , T and Andrén , O . 1999 . Growth dynamics of reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and its allocation of biomass and nitrogen below ground in a field receiving daily irrigation and fertilization . Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosys. , 54 : 21 – 29 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kätterer , T , Fabião , A , Madeira , M , Ribeiro , C and Steen , E . 1995 . Fine-root dynamics, soil moisture and soil carbon content in a Eucalyptus globulus plantation under different irrigation and fertilization regimes . Forest Ecol. Manag. , 74 : 1 – 12 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansson , AC and Andrén , O . 1987 . Below-ground plant production in a perennial grass ley (Festuca pratensis) assessed with different methods . J. Appl. Ecol. , 23 : 657 – 666 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansson , AC and Steen , E . 1984 . Methods of calculating root production and nitrogen uptake in an annual crop . Swedish J. Agric. Res. , 14 : 191 – 200 .
   Google Scholar
• Johansson , G . 1991 . Carbon distribution in meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis L.) determined in a growth chamber with 14C-labelled atmosphere . Acta Agric. Scand. , 41 : 37 – 46 .
   Google Scholar
• Johansson , G . 1992 . Release of organic C from growing roots of meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis L.) . Soil Biol. Biochem. , 24 : 427 – 433 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch GW Mooney HA 1996 Response of terrestrial ecosystems to elevated CO2: a review and summary In: Koch, G.W. & Mooney, H.A. (eds.) Carbon Dioxide and Terrestrial Ecosystems, Academic Press San Diego pp. 415–429
   Google Scholar
• Marissink , M , Pettersson , R and Sindhøj , E . 2002 . Above-ground plant production under elevated carbon dioxide in a Swedish semi-natural grassland . Agr. Ecosyst. Environ. , 93 : 107 – 120 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mooney HA Canadell J Chapin FS Ehleringer JR Körner C McMurtrie RE Parton WJ Pitelka L Schulz E-D 1999 Ecosystem physiology responses to global change In: Walker, B., Steffen, W., Canadell, J. & Ingram, J. (eds.) The Terrestrial Biosphere and Global Change, Cambridge University Press Change Cambridge pp. 141–189
   Google Scholar
• Mooney , HA , Drake , BG , Luxmore , RJ , Oechel , WC and Pitelka , LF . 1991 . Predicting ecosystem responses to elevated CO2 concentrations . BioScience , 41 : 96 – 104 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norby , RJ and Jackson , RB . 2000 . Root dynamics and global change: seeking an ecosystem perspective . New Phytol. , 147 : 3 – 12 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owensby , CE , Ham , JM , Knapp , AK and Auen , LM . 1999 . Biomass production and species composition change in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem after long-term exposure to elevated atmospheric CO2 . Glob. Change Biol. , 5 : 497 – 506 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pallas , JE . 1965 . Transpiration and stomatal opening with changes in carbon dioxide content of the air . Science , 147 : 171 – 173 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers , HH , Runion , GB and Krupa , SV . 1994 . Plant responses to atmospheric CO2 enrichment with emphasis on roots and the rhizosphere . Environ. Pollut. , 83 : 155 – 189 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlesinger WH 1997 Biogeochemistry: an analysis of global change 2nd edition Academic Press San Diego CA USA
   Google Scholar
• Sims , PL and Singh , JS . 1978 . The structure and function of ten western North American grasslands. III. Net primary production, turnover and efficiencies of energy capture and water use . J. Ecol. , 66 : 573 – 597 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sindhøj , E , Hansson , AC , Andrén , O , Kätterer , T , Marissink , M and Pettersson , R . 2000 . Root dynamics in a semi-natural grassland in relation to atmospheric carbon dioxide enrichment, soil water and shoot biomass . Plant Soil. , 223 : 253 – 263 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smit AL Bengough AG Engels C van Noordwijk M Pellerin S van de Geijn SC 2000 Root Methods, a handbook, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
   Google Scholar
• Steen , E . 1984 . Variation of root growth in a grass ley studied with a mesh bag technique . Swedish J. Agric. Res. , 14 : 93 – 97 .
   Google Scholar
• Steen , E . 1985 . Root and rhizome dynamics in a perennial grass crop during an annual growth cycle . Swedish J. Agric. Res. , 15 : 25 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Stulen , I and den Hertog , J . 1993 . Root growth and functioning under atmospheric CO2 enrichment . Vegetatio , 104/105 : 99 – 115 .
   Google Scholar
• Tyree , MT and Alexander , JD . 1993 . Plant water relations and the effects of elevated CO2: a review and suggestions for future research . Vegetatio , 104/105 : 47 – 62 .
   Google Scholar
• Upchurch , DR and Ritchie , JT . 1983 . Root observations using a video recording system in minirhizotrons . Agron. J. , 75 : 1009 – 1015 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar