295
Views
13
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Clinical Manifestations and Cerebrospinal Fluid Status in Ocular Syphilis

, MBChB, FCOphth (SA), MMed Ophth (UCT), , MBChB, FCOphth (SA), MMed Ophth (UCT) & , MBChB, FCOphth (SA), MMed Ophth (UCT) ORCID Icon
Pages 126-130 | Received 21 May 2018, Accepted 05 Sep 2018, Published online: 19 Sep 2018

References

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Clinical Advisory: Ocular Syphilis in the United States. 2016; (March 2015): 2014-2015. http://www.cdc.gov/std/syphilis/clinicaladvisoryos2015.htm.
  • Davis JL. Ocular syphilis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2014;25:513–518. doi:10.1097/ICU.0000000000000099.
  • Fonollosa A, Giralt J, Pelegrín L, et al. Ocular syphilis–back again: understanding recent increases in the incidence of ocular syphilitic disease. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2009;17(3):207–212.doi:10.1080/09273940902741709.
  • Jones NP. The Manchester Uveitis Clinic: the first 3000 patients - Epidemiology and Casemix. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2015;23(2):118–126. doi:10.3109/09273948.2014.968671.
  • Oliver S, Sahi SK, Tantalo LC, et al. Molecular typing of treponema pallidum in ocular syphilis. Sex Transm Dis. 2016;43(8):524–527.doi:10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000478.
  • Kenyon CR, Osbak K, Tsoumanis A. The global epidemiology of syphilis in the past century ? A systematic review based on antenatal syphilis prevalence. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10(5):1–23. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004711.
  • Ballah NJ, Kuonza LR, De Gita G, Musekiwa A, Williams S, Takuva S. Decline in syphilis seroprevalence among females of reproductive age in Northern Cape Province, South Africa, 2003-2012: utility of laboratory-based information. Int J STD AIDS. 2016;1–9. doi:10.1177/0956462416636727.
  • Reekie I, Reddy Y. Use of Lumbar Punctures in the Management of Ocular Syphilis. Semin Ophthalmol. 2016;18:1–4. doi:10.1080/08820538.2016.1228986.
  • Centre for Disease Control (CDC). National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NTDSS). Syphilis Case Definition. Vol. 12; 2014. https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/conditions/syphilis/case-definition/2014/
  • Kober JA. Diagnostic ­ considerations. Center for Disease Control. https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/syphilis.htm
  • Tucker JD, Li JZ, Robbins GK, et al. Ocular syphilis among HIV-infected patients: a systematic analysis of the literature. Sex Transm Infect. 2011;87(1):4–8.doi:10.1136/sti.2010.043042.
  • Li JZ, Tucker JD, Lobo A-M, et al. Ocular syphilis among HIV-infected individuals. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;51(4):468–471.doi:10.1086/654797.
  • Dai T, Wu X, Zhou S, Wang Q, Li D. Clinical manifestations and cerebrospinal fluid status in ocular syphilis in HIV-negative patients. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16(245): 6 June 2016 doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1586-z.
  • Hughes EH, Guzowski M, Simunovic MP, Hunyor AP, McCluskey P. Syphilitic retinitis and uveitis in HIV-positive adults. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2010;38(9):851–856. doi:10.1111/j.1442-9071.2010.02383.x.
  • Yang P, Zhang N, Li F, Chen Y, Kijlstra A. Ocular manifestations of syphilitic uveitis in Chinese patients. Retina. 2012;32(9):1906–1914. doi:10.1097/IAE.0b013e3182509796.
  • Lynn W, Syphilis LS. HIV: a dangerous combination. Lancet Inect Dis. 2004 Jul;4(7):456–466. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(04)011061-8.
  • Holladay J. Proper Method for Calculating Average Visual Acuity. J Refract Surg. 1997;13:388–391.
  • Jabs DA. Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data. Results of the first international workshop. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;140(3):509–516. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2005.03.057.
  • Balaskas K, Sergentanis TN, Giulieri S, Guex-Crosier Y. Analysis of significant factors influencing visual acuity in ocular syphilis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2011;95(11):1568–1572. doi:10.1136/bjo.2010.194498.
  • Amaratunge BC, Camuglia JE, Hall AJ. Syphilitic uveitis: A review of clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes of syphilitic uveitis in human immunodeficiency virus-positive and negative patients. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2010;38(1):68–74. doi:10.1111/j.1442-9071.2010.02203.x.
  • Moradi A, Salek S, Daniel E, et al. Clinical features and incidence rates of ocular complications in patients with ocular syphilis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2015;159(2):334–43.e1.doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2014.10.030.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.