References
- Schaal S, Schiff W, Kaplan H, Tezel T. Simultaneous appearance of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome and multifocal choroiditis indicate a common causal relationship. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2009;17(5):325‑7. doi:https://doi.org/10.3109/09273940903043923.
- Zweifel S, Kim A, Freund B. Simultaneous presentation of multifocal choroiditis and acute zonal occult outer retinopathy in one eye. Br J Ophthalmol. 2011;95(2):288. 297–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2008.153254.
- Bryan R, Freund K, Yannuzzi L, Spaide R, Huang S, Costa D. Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome in patients with multifocal choroiditis. Retina. 2002;22(3):317–22. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/00006982-200206000-00010.
- Pichi F, Sarraf D, Arepalli S, et al. The application of optical coherence tomography angiography in uveitis and inflammatory eye diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2017;59:178–201. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.04.005.
- Mangeon M, Zett C, Amaral C, et al. Multimodal evaluation of patients with acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy and serpiginous choroiditis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2018;26(8):1212‑1218.
- Heiferman MJ, Rahmani S, Jampol LM, et al. Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy on optical coherence tomography angiography. Retina. 2017;37(11):2084–94. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0000000000001487.
- De Bats F, Wolff B, Vasseur V, et al. En-face » spectral-domain optical coherence tomography findings in multiple evanescent white dot syndrome. J Ophthalmol. 2014;2014:928028. doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/928028.
- Astroz P, Miere A, Mrejen S, et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography to distinguish choroidal neovascularization from macular inflammatory lesions in multifocal choroiditis. Retina. 2018;38(2):299–309.
- Levison AL, Baynes KM, Lowder CY, Kaiser PK, Srivastava SK. Choroidal neovascularisation on optical coherence tomography angiography in punctate inner choroidopathy and multifocal choroiditis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2017;101(5):616–622. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-308806.
- Zahid S, Chen KC, Jung JJ, et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography of chorioretinal lesions due to idiopathic multifocal choroiditis. Retina. 2017;37(8):1451–1463.
- Astroz P, Miere A, Mrejen S, et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography to distinguish choroidal neovascularization from macular inflammatory lesions in multifocal choroiditis. Retina. 2018;38(2):299–309.
- Spaide RF, Koizumi H, Pozzoni MC, Pozonni MC. Enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008;146(4):496‑500. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2008.05.032.
- Rosenfeld PJ, Durbin MK, Roisman L, et al. ZEISS angioplex™ spectral domain optical coherence tomography angiography: technical aspects. Dev Ophthalmol. 2016;56:18–29.
- Klufas MA, Phasukkijwatana N, Iafe NA, et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography reveals choriocapillaris flow reduction in placoid chorioretinitis. Ophthalmol Retina. 2017;1(1):77–91. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oret.2016.08.008.
- Agarwal A, Aggarwal K, Deokar A, et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography features of paradoxical worsening in tubercular multifocal serpiginoid choroiditis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2016;24(6):621–30. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2016.1207785.
- Wang H, Tan SZ, Aslam T, Jones NP, Steeples LR. Multimodal evaluation of presumed tuberculous serpiginous-like choroiditis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2019;27(7):1149–1153.
- El Ameen A, Herbort CP. serpiginous choroiditis imaged by optical coherence tomography angiography. Retin Cases Brief Rep. 2016;12(4):279–28516. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/ICB.0000000000000512.
- Gaudric A, Mrejen S. why the dots are black only in the late phase of the indocyanine green angiography in multiple evanescent white dot syndrome. Retin Cases Brief Rep. 2017;11(Suppl 1):S81–5. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/ICB.0000000000000422.
- Burke TR, Chu CJ, Salvatore S, et al. Application of OCT-angiography to characterize the evolution of chorioretinal lesions in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Eye. 2017;31(10):1399–1408. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2017.180.
- Werner JU, Enders C, Lang GK, Lang GE. Multi-modal imaging including optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2017;48(9):727–733. doi:https://doi.org/10.3928/23258160-20170829-07.
- Pichi F, Srvivastava SK, Chexal S, et al. En face optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome: new insights into pathogenesis. Retina. 2016;36(Suppl 1):S178–88. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0000000000001255.
- Yannuzzi NA, Miller A, Gregori G, Davis JL, Rosenfeld PJ. Swept-source OCT angiography shows sparing of the choriocapillaris in multiple evanescent white dot syndrome. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2017;48(1):69–74. doi:https://doi.org/10.3928/23258160-20161219-10.
- Pereira F, Lima L, De Azevedo A, Zett C, Farah M, Belfort R Jr. Swept-source OCT in patients with multiple evanescent white dot syndrome. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2018;8(1):16. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12348-018-0159-2.
- Amin HI. Optical coherence tomography findings in multiple evanescent white dot syndrome. Retina. 2006;26:483–484.
- Sikorski BL, Wojtkowski M, Kaluzny JJ, Szkulmowski M, Kowalczyk A. Correlation of spectral optical coherence tomography with fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography in multiple evanescent white dot syndrome. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008;92(11):1552–1557. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2007.135863.
- Mandadi SKR, Agarwal A, Aggarwal K, et al. for OCTA Study Group. novel findings on optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis. Retina. 2017;37(9):1647–1659. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0000000000001412.
- Bansal R, Gupta A, Gupta V, Dogra MR, Sharma A, Bambery P. Tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis presenting as multifocal serpiginoid choroiditis. Ophthalmology. 2012;119:2334–42.
- Montorio D, Giuffrè C, Miserocchi E, et al. Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography in serpiginous choroiditis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2018;102(7):991–995. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-310989.
- Khan HA, Shahzad MA. Multimodal imaging of serpiginous choroiditis. Optom Vis Sci. 2017;94(2):265–269. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000001015.
- Mrejen S, Sarraf D, Chexal S, Wald K, Freund KB. Choroidal involvement in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2016;47(1):20–26. doi:https://doi.org/10.3928/23258160-20151214-03.
- Pakzad-Vaezi K, Khaksari K, Chu Z, Van Gelder RN, Wang RK, Pepple K. Swept-source OCT angiography of serpiginous choroiditis. Ophthalmol Retina. 2018;2(7):712–9.28. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oret.2017.11.001.
- Ahn SJ, Park SH, Lee BR. Multimodal imaging including optical coherence tomography angiography in serpiginous choroiditis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2017;25(2):287–291. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2017.1288824.
- Pohlmann D, Pleyer U, Joussen AM, Winterhalter S. Optical coherence tomography angiography in comparison with other multimodal imaging techniques in punctate inner choroidopathy. Br J Ophthalmol. 2019;103:60–66. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311764.
- Zahid S, Chen KC, Jung JJ, et al. optical coherence tomography angiography of chorioretinal lesions due to idiopathic multifocal choroiditis. Retina. 2017;37(8):1451–63.
- Baumal CR, de Carlo TE, Waheed NK, Salz DA, Witkin AJ, Duker JS. Sequential optical coherence tomographic angiography for diagnosis and treatment of choroidal neovascularization in multifocal choroiditis. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2015;133(9):1087–90. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.1946.
- Cheng L, Chen X, Weng S, et al. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography angiography findings in multifocal choroiditis with active lesions. Am J Ophthalmol. 2016;169:145–161. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2016.06.029.
- De Carlo TE, Bonini Filho MA, Adhi M, Duker JS. Retinal and choroidal vasculature in birdshot chorioretinopathy analyzed using spectral domain optical coherence tomography angiography. Retina. 2015;35(11):2392–2399. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0000000000000744.
- Invernizzi A, Cozzi M, Staurenghi G. Optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography in uveitis: a review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2019;47(3):357–371. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/ceo.13470.
- Pohlmann D, Macedo S, Stübiger N, Pleyer U, Joussen AM, Winterhalter S. Multimodal imaging in birdshot retinochoroiditis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2017;25(5):621–632. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2017.1375532.