101
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Letters to the Editor

Bilateral Ocular Tuberculosis in a Child with Negative Tuberculin Skin Test (TST): A Diagnostic Dilemma

, DNB, , MS, FAICO, , MS & , MS
Pages 1199-1202 | Received 31 Jul 2020, Accepted 21 Dec 2020, Published online: 07 Apr 2021

References

  • Kaur S, Aggarwal K, Agarwal A, et al. Clinical course and outcomes of pediatric tubercular uveitis in North India. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2017;26(6):859–864. doi:10.1080/09273948.2017.1296579.
  • Gupta V, Gupta A, Rao NA. Intraocular tuberculosis – an update. Surv Ophthalmol. 2007;52(6):561–587. doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2007.08.015.
  • Maitray A, Rishi E, Rishi P, et al. Endogenous endophthalmitis in children and adolescents: case series and literature review. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2019;67:795–800. doi:10.4103/ijo.IJO_710_18.
  • Massaro D, Katz S, Sachs M. Choroidal tubercles: a clue to hematogenous tuberculosis. Ann Intern Med. 1964(60):231–241.
  • Gupta A, Gupta V, Arora S, et al. PCR-positive tubercular retinal vasculitis: clinical characteristics and management. Retina. 2001;21:435–444. doi:10.1097/00006982-200110000-00004.
  • Hoh HB, Kong VY, Jaais F. Tuberculous retinal vasculitis. Med J Malaysia. 1998;53:288–289.
  • Rosen PH, Spalton DJ, Graham EM. Intraocular tuberculosis. Eye. 1990;4:486–492. doi:10.1038/eye.1990.63.
  • Kump LI, Cervantes-Castañeda RA, Androudi SN, Foster CS. Analysis of pediatric uveitis cases at a tertiary referral center. Ophthalmology. 2005;112:1287–1292. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.01.044.
  • Rosenberg KD, Feuer WJ, Davis JL. Ocular complications of pediatric uveitis. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:2299–2306.11. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.06.014.
  • Kaza H, Tyagi M, Pathengay A, Basu S. Clinical predictors of tubercular retinal vasculitis in a high-endemic country. Retina. 2020 May 5. doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000002829. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32383841.
  • Behr MA, Edelstein PH, Ramakrishnan L. Is Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection life long? Bmj. 2019 Oct;24(367):l5770. doi:10.1136/bmj.l5770.
  • Piñeiro R, Mellado MJ, Cilleruelo MJ, García-Ascaso M, Medina-Claros A, García-Hortelano M. Tuberculin skin test in bacille Calmette–Guérin-vaccinated children: how should we interpret the results? Eur J Pediatr. 2012 Nov 1;171(11):1625–1632. doi:10.1007/s00431-012-1783-8.
  • Carrol ED, Clark JE, Cant AJ. Non-pulmonary tuberculosis. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2001;2(2):113–119. doi:10.1053/prrv.2000.0118.
  • Echevarría AM, Baquero-Artigao F, González-Muñoz M, De Castillo F, Peña MJ, Velázquez-Fragua R. Lack of sensitivity of QuantiFERON-TB gold test in tube in a child with tuberculous meningitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2010 Jul 1;29(7):683–684. doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e3181e218b7.
  • Nayak S, Acharjya B. Mantoux test and its interpretation. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2012;3(1):2–6. doi:10.4103/2229-5178.93479.
  • American Thoracic Society. Diagnostic standards and classification of tuberculosis. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990 Sep;142(3):725–35. doi:10.1164/ajrccm/142.3.725. Erratum in: Am Rev Respir Dis 1990 Dec;142(6 Pt 1):1470. PMID: 2389921.
  • Steiner P, Rao M, Victoria MS, Jabbar H, Steiner M. Persistently negative tuberculin reactions: their presence among children with culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tuberculin-negative tuberculosis). Am J Dis Child. 1980;134(8):747–750. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1980.02130200017007.
  • Guidance for National Tuberculosis Programmes on the Management of Tuberculosis in Children. 2nd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. PMID: 24999516.
  • Shaw JA, Smit DP, Griffith-Richards S, Koegelenberg CFN. Utility of routine chest radiography in ocular tuberculosis and sarcoidosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2018;22(11):1374–1377. doi:10.5588/ijtld.18.0013.
  • Balkan A, Balci E, Yüksekol I, et al. The role of high resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberk Toraks. 2004; 52(1): 38–46. Turkish.
  • Sharma K, Gupta V, Bansal R, Sharma A, Sharma M, Gupta A. Novel multi-targeted polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of presumed tubercular uveitis. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2013;3:25. doi:10.1186/1869-5760-3-25.
  • Doern CD, Richardson SE. Diagnosis of urinary tract infections in children. J Clin Microbiol. 2016;54(9):2233–2242. doi:10.1128/JCM.00189-16.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.