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Ocular Immunology and Inflammation Volume 30, 2022 - Issue 6
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Letters to the Editor

Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis as the Only Clinical Manifestation of HIV Infection

Roberta Jansen de Mello Fariasa HUPD Ophthalmology Medical Residence, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, BrazilCorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1049-1777View further author information
, MD, MBA, PhDORCID Icon,
Monica Elinor Alves Gamab Medical Department III, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, BrazilView further author information
, MD, PhD,
Ronney Mendesc Departament of Allergology, Alergocenter Allergy and Immunology Clinic, São Luís, BrazilView further author information
, MD,
Nyla Tyara Melo Lobãod Departament of Allergology, Allergy and Immunology Clinic, São Luís, BrazilView further author information
, MD, M.Sc &
Luciene Barbosa de Sousae Departament of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology Medical Residence, Goias Eye Bank Foundation, São Paulo, Brazil;f Federal University of São Paulo, BrazilView further author information
, MD, M.Sc, PhD
Pages 1530-1532 | Received 20 Jan 2021, Accepted 12 Feb 2021, Published online: 07 Apr 2021

References

  • Nishiwaki-Dantas MC, Felberg D, César AS. Alergia Ocular. In: Hofling-Lima AL, Nishiwaki-Dantas MC, Alves MR, eds. Doenças Externas Oculares e Córnea. 3ª ed. Rio de Janeiro: Cultura Médica; 2014:173–182.
  • Kumagai N, Fukuda K, Fujitsu Y, et al. Role of structural cells of the cornea and conjunctiva in the pathogenesis of vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2006;25:165–187.
  • Clerici M, Shearer GM. A TH1–>TH2 switch is a critical step in the etiology of HIV infection. Immunol Today. 1993;14:107–111.
  • Becker Y. The changes in the T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2) cytokine balance during HIV-1 infection are indicative of an allergic response to viral proteins that may be reversed by Th2 cytokine inhibitors and immune response modifiers-a review and hypothesis. Virus Genes. 2004;28:5–18.
  • Agarwal S, Srinivasan B, Iyer G, et al. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis in human immunodeficiency virus – the possible role of Thelper 1–Thelper 2 shift. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2018;66:1004–1006.
  • Oyedeji OA, Afolabi AA, Odeyemi AO, et al. Atopy in HIV-infected children attending the pediatric antiretroviral clinic of LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo. Niger J Clin Pract. 2020;23:1061–1067.
  • Chronister CL. Review of external ocular disease associated with AIDS and HIV infection. Optom Vis Sci. 1996;73:225–230.
  • Sample S, Chernoff DN, Lenahan GA, et al. Elevated serum concentrations of IgE antibodies to environmental antigens in HIV-seropositive male homosexuals. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1990;86:876–880.
  • Bielory L, Delgado L, Katelaris CH, et al. ICON: diagnosis and management of allergic conjunctivitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2020;124:118–134.

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