229
Views
76
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

The age- and gender-specific prevalences of refractive errors in Tehran: the Tehran Eye Study

, &
Pages 213-225 | Published online: 08 Jul 2009

References

  • Wang Q, Klein BE, Klein R, et al. Refractive status in the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis ScL 1994;35:4344–4347.
  • Wingert TA. Prevalence of refractive errors on a VOSH mission to Nicaragua. J Am Optom Assoc. 1994;65:129–132.
  • Lewallen S, Lowdon R, Courtright P, et al. A population-based survey of the prevalence of refractive error in Malawi. Ophthal Epidemiol. 1995;2: 145–149.
  • Katz J, Tielsch JM, Sommer A. Prevalence and risk factors for refractive errors in an adult inner city population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38:334–340.
  • Kinge B, Midelfart A, Jacobsen G. Refractive errors among young adults and university students inNorway. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1998;76:692–695.
  • Liou HL, McCarty CA, Jin CL, et al. Prevalence and predictors of undercorrected refractive errors in the Victorian population. Am J Ophthalmol. 1999;127: 59o–596.
  • Attebo K, Ivers RQ, Mitchell P. Refractive errors in an older population: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 1999;106: 1066–1072.
  • Wensor M, McCarty CA, Taylor HR. Prevalence and risk factors of myopia in Victoria, Australia. Arch Ophthalmol. 1999;117: 658–663.
  • Wu SY, Nemesure B, Leske MC. Refractive errors in a black adult population: the Barbados Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999;40: a2179–2184.
  • Dandona R, Dandona L, Naduvilath TJ, et al. Refractive errors in an urban population in Southern India: the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. I 999;4o:2810-2818.
  • Lithander J. Prevalence of myopia in school children in the Sultanate of Oman: a nation-wide study of 6292 randomly selected children. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1999;77: 306–309.
  • Zhao J, Pan X, Sui R, et al. Refractive error study in children: results from Shunyi District, China. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;129: 427–435:
  • Pokharel GP, Negrel AD, Munoz SR, et al. Refractive error study in children: results from Mechi Zone, Nepal. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;129: 436–444:
  • Maul E, Barroso S, Munoz SR, et al. Refractive error study in children: results from La Florida, Chile. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;129: 445–454:
  • Wong TY, Foster PJ, Hee J, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for refractive errors in adult Chinese in Singapore. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41:2486–2494.
  • Villarreal MG, Ohlsson J, Abrahamsson M, et al. Myopisation: the refractive tendency in teenagers. Prevalence of myopia among young teenagers in Sweden. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2000;78: 177–181.
  • Mavracanas TA, Mandalos A, Peios D, et al. Prevalence of myopia in a sample of Greek students. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2000;78: 656–659.
  • Mandalos AT, Peios DK, Mavracanas A, et al. Prevalence of astigmatism among students in northern Greece. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2002;12:1–4.
  • Midelfart A, Kinge B, Midelfart S, et al. Prevalence of refractive errors in young and middle-aged adults in Norway. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2002;80:501–505.
  • Dandona R, Dandona L, Srinivas M, et al. Population-based assessment of refractive error in India: the Andhra Pradesh eye disease study. Gun Exp Ophthalmol. 2002;30: 84–93.
  • Dandona R, Dandona L, Srinivas M, et al. Refractive error in children in a rural population in India. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002;43: 615–622.
  • Murthy GV, Gupta SK, Ellwein LB, et al. Refractive error in children in an urban population in New Delhi. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002;43: 623–631.
  • Saw SM, Gazzard G, Koh D, et al. Prevalence rates of refractive errors in Sumatra, Indonesia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002;43: 3174–3180.
  • Shimizu N, Nomura H, Ando F, et al. Refractive errors and factors associated with myopia in an adult Japanese population. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2003;47:6–12.
  • Arieta CEL, Delgado AMN, Kara-José N, et al. Refractive errors and cataract as causes of visual impairment in Brazil. Ophthal Epidemiol. 2003;10:15–22.
  • Saw S, Kats J, Schein OD, et al. Epidemiology of Myopia. Epidemiol Rev. 1996;18:175–187.
  • Hashemi H, Fotouhi A, Mohammad K. Tehran Eye Study: research design and eye examination protocol. BMC Ophthalmol. 2003; 3: 8.
  • Bennett S, Woods T, Liyanage WM, et al. A simplified method for cluster sample surveys of health in developing countries. World Health Stat Q. 1991;44: 98–106.
  • Iranian Statistics Center. The report of the 1996 population census. http://amar.sci.or.ir (io March 2003).
  • The Framingham Offspring Eye Study Group. Familial aggregation and prevalence of myopia in the Framingham Offspring Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996;114: 326–332.
  • Portnoy GH, Schneck ME, Brabyn JA, et al. Development of refractive errors into old age. Optom Vis ScL 2002;79:643–649.
  • Gudmundsdottir E, Jonasson F, Jonsson V, et al. 'With the rule' astigmatism is not the rule in the elderly. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2000;78:642–646.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.