Ocular Trauma in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom from 2001 to 2011: A Bayesian Network Analysis

References

• Duke-Elder S. System of Ophthalmology. Vol. 14. St. Louis: Mosby; 1972.
   Google Scholar
• Hornblass A. Eye injuries in the military. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1981;21:121–138. doi:10.1097/00004397-198102140-00008.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shimkin NI. Ophthalmic injuries in war. Br J Ophthalmol. 1940;24:265–286. doi:10.1136/bjo.24.6.265.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stone W. Ocular injuries in the armed forces. J Am Med Assoc. 1950;142:151. doi:10.1001/jama.1950.02910210007002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Lapersonne F. Blessures de guerre. Plaies de l’oeil par petits eclats [War injuries. Injuries of the eye by small fragments]. Arch d’Ophthalmol. 1916;35:129–134.
   Google Scholar
• Dansey-Browning GC. The value of ophthalmic treatment in the field. Br J Ophthalmol. 1944;28:87–97. doi:10.1136/bjo.28.2.87.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zorab EC. War surgery of the eye in forward areas. Br J Ophthalmol. 1945;29:579–593. doi:10.1136/bjo.29.11.579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott GI, Michaelson IC. An analysis and follow-up of 301 cases of battle casualty injury to the eyes. Br J Ophthalmol. 1946;30:42–55. doi:10.1136/bjo.30.1.42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sommerville-Large L. Ocular casualties in the Burma campaign. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK. 1946;66:647–660.
   Google Scholar
• Bellows J. Observations on 300 consecutive cases of ocular war injuries. Am J Ophthalmol. 1947;30:309–323. doi:10.1016/0002-9394(47)91977-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treister G. Ocular casualties in the six-day war. Am J Ophthalmol. 1969;68:669–675. doi:10.1016/0002-9394(69)91251-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gombos G. Ocular war injuries in Jerusalem. Am J Ophthalmol. 1969;68:474–478. doi:10.1016/0002-9394(69)90717-X.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belkin M. Ocular injuries in the Yom Kippur War. J Ocul Therap Surg. 1983;2:40–49.
   Google Scholar
• Hoefle FB. Initial treatment of eye injuries. First Corps Area of Viet Nam, 1966. Arch Ophthalmol. 1968;79:33–35. doi:10.1001/archopht.1968.03850040035011.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Belkin M, Treister G, Dotan S. Eye injuries and ocular protection in the Lebanon War, 1982. Isr J Med Sci. 1984;20:333–338.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lashkari K, Lashkari MH, Kim AJ, et al. Combat-related eye trauma: a review of 5,320 cases. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1995;35(1):193–203. doi:10.1097/00004397-199503510-00020.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mader TH, Aragones JV, Chandler AC, et al. Ocular and ocular adnexal injuries treated by United States military ophthalmologists during operations desert shield and desert storm. Ophthalmology. 1993;100:1462–1467. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(93)31455-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thach AB, Johnson AJ, Carroll RB, et al. Severe eye injuries in the war in Iraq, 2003-2005. Ophthalmology. 2008;115:377–382. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.04.032.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weichel ED, Colyer MH, Ludlow SE, et al. Combat ocular trauma visual outcomes during operations iraqi and enduring freedom. Ophthalmology. 2008;115(12):2235–2245. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.08.033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ari AB. Eye injuries on the battlefields of Iraq and Afghanistan: public health implications. Optometry. 2006;77:329–339. doi:10.1016/j.optm.2006.03.015.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hilber DJ. Eye injuries, active component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2000-2010. MSMR. 2011;18:2–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thomas R, McManus JG, Johnson A, et al. Ocular injury reduction from ocular protection use in current combat operations. J Trauma. 2009;66(Supplement):S99–103. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e31819d8695.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Toyinbo PA, Vanderploeg RD, Belanger HG, et al. A systems science approach to understanding polytrauma and blast-related injury: bayesian network model of data from a survey of the Florida National Guard. Am J Epidemiol. 2017;185(2):135–146. doi:10.1093/aje/kww074.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almahmoud K, Namas RA, Abdul-Malak O, et al. Impact of injury severity on dynamic inflammation networks following Blunt Trauma. Shock. 2015;44:101–109. doi:10.1097/SHK.0000000000000395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leegon J, Jones I, Lanaghan K, Aronsky D. Predicting hospital admission for emergency department patients using a Bayesian network. AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2005;1022.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weichel ED, Colyer MH. Combat ocular trauma and systemic injury. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2008;19:519–525. doi:10.1097/ICU.0b013e3283140e98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhn F, Morris R, Witherspoon CD. Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology (BETT): terminology and classification of mechanical eye injuries. Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 2002;15:139–143, v. doi:10.1016/S0896-1549(02)00004-4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kuhn F, Morris R, Witherspoon CD, Mester V. The birmingham eye trauma terminology system (BETT). J Fr Ophtalmol. 2004;27:206–210. doi:10.1016/S0181-5512(04)96122-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pieramici DJ, Sternberg P Jr., Aaberg TM Sr., et al. A system for classifying mechanical injuries of the eye (globe). The ocular trauma classification group. Am J Ophthalmol. 1997;123:820–831. doi:10.1016/S0002-9394(14)71132-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlasov A, Ryan DS, Ludlow S, et al. Causes of combat ocular trauma-related blindness from operation Iraqi freedom and enduring freedom. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015;79:S210–215. doi:10.1097/TA.0000000000000666.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kuhn F, Maisiak R, Mann L, Mester V, Morris R, Witherspoon CD. The ocular trauma score (OTS). Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 2002;15:163–165, vi. doi:10.1016/S0896-1549(02)00007-X.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scutari M, Auconi P, Caldarelli G, Franchi L. Bayesian networks analysis of malocculusion data. Sci Rep. 2017 November 10;7(1):15236. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15293-w.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cockerham GC, Goodrich GL, Weichel ED, et al. Eye and visual function in traumatic brain injury. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2009;46:811–818. doi:10.1682/JRRD.2008.08.0109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frick K. Costs of Military Eye Injury, Vision Impairment, and Related Blindness and Vision Dysfunction Associated with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) without Eye Injury. National Alliance for Eye and Vision Research (NAEVR); 2012. Rockville, MD, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Tredici TJ. Management of ophthalmic casualties in Southeast Asia. Mil Med. 1968;133:355–362. doi:10.1093/milmed/133.5.355.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong TY, Seet MB, Ang CL. Eye injuries in twentieth century warfare: a historical perspective. Surv Ophthalmol. 1997;41:433–459. doi:10.1016/S0039-6257(97)00022-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhn F, Morris R, Witherspoon CD, et al. A standardized classification of ocular trauma. Ophthalmology. 1996;103(2):240–243. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(96)30710-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mader TH, Carroll RD, Slade CS, et al. Ocular war injuries of the Iraqi insurgency,January-September 2004. Ophthalmology. 2006;113:97–104. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.07.018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanch RJ, Bindra MS, Jacks AS, Scott RA. Ophthalmic injuries in British armed forces in Iraq and Afghanistan. Eye (Lond). 2011;25(2):218–223. doi:10.1038/eye.2010.190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breeze J, Blanch RJ, Mazzoli R, DuBose J, Bowley DM, Powers DB. Comparing the management of eye injuries by coalition military surgeons during the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts. Ophthalmology. 2020;127(4):458–466. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.10.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar