17
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Circadian Rhythms in Three Unicellular Organisms. The Pecularities of the Organisms, the Evidence Brought on Rhythms and their Specific Practical Problems. Outline of Recent Hypotheses

Pages 345-386 | Published online: 22 Sep 2008

References

  • ASARD , H. 1991 . Blauw licht perceptie bij hogere planten. Studies met betrekking tot ATPase activiteit en redox componenten in de plasmamembraan , Universiteit Antwerpen . Ph.D. Thesis.
  • BALZER , I. and HARDELAND , R. 1991 . Photoperiodism and effects of indoleamines in a unicellular alga . Science , 253 : 795 – 798 .
  • BALZER , I. and HARDELAND , R. 1992a . Effects of indoleamines and short photoperiods on the encystment of Gonyaulax polyedra . Chronobiol. Internat. , 9 : 260 – 265 .
  • BALZER , I. and HARDELAND , R. 1992b . Multiple ultradian frequencies in dark motility of Euglena . J. Interdiscipl. Cycle Res. , 23 : 47 – 55 .
  • BALZER , I. , FOELDESI , G. , BEHRMAN , G. and BALZER , I. . Circadian variations in the sensitivity of Gonyaulax to kynuramine . Résumés du Congrès européen de Chronobiologie . Besançon. pp. 23
  • BALZER , I. , NEUHAUS‐STEINMETZ , U. , QUENTIN , E. VAN , WUELLEN , M. and HARDELAND , R. 1989b . Concomitance of circadian and circa‐4‐hour ultradian rhythms in Euglena gracilis . J. Interdiscipl. Cycle Res. , 20 : 15 – 24 .
  • BALZER , I. , POEGGLER , B. and HARDELAND , R. . Circadian rhythms of indoleamines in a dinoflagellate, Gonyaulax polyedra: persistence of melatonin rhythm in constant darkness and relationship to 5‐methoxytryptamine . Proc. Melatonin and the pineal gland . Edited by: Touitou , Y.
  • BAYLIES , M.K. , BARGIELLO , T.A. , JACKSON , F.R. and YOUNG , M.W. 1987 . Changes in abundance or structure of the per gene can alter periodicity of the Drosophila clock . Nature , 328 : 686 – 691 .
  • BAYLIES , M.K. , WEINER , L. , VOSSHALL , L.B. , SAEZ , L. and YOUNG , M.W. 1993 . “ Genetic, molecular, and cellular studies of the per locus and its product in Drosophila melanogaster ” . In Molecular genetics of circadian rhythms , Edited by: Young , M.W. 123 – 153 . New York, Basel, Hong Kong : Marcel Dekker .
  • BERGER , S. , DE GROOT , E.J. , NEUHAUS , G. and SCHWEIGER , M. 1987 . Acetabularia: a giant cell organism with valuable advantages for cell biology . Eur. J. Cell Biol. , 44 : 349 – 370 .
  • BERGER , S. and KAEVER , M.J. 1992 . Dasycladales. An illustrated Monograph of a fascinating algal order , 247 Stuttgart, New York : Georg Thieme Verlag .
  • BOLOUKHERE , M. 1972 . Différenciation spatiale et temporelle des chloroplastes d'Acetabularia mediterranea . J. Microscopie , 13 : 401 – 416 .
  • BRACHET , J. 1960 . The Biological role of ribonucleic acids , 6th Weizmann Memorial Lectures Series, 1959 144 London, New York : Elsevier Amsterdam .
  • BRACHET , J. and SIX , N. 1966 . Quelques observations nouvelles sur les relations entre la synthèse des acides nucléiques et la morphogénèse chez Acetabularia . Planta , 68 : 225 – 239 .
  • BRINKMANN , K. 1966 . Temperatureinflusse auf die circadiane Rhythmik von Euglena gracilis bei Mixotrophie und Autotrophie . Planta , 70 : 344 – 389 .
  • BRINKMANN , K. 1971 . “ Metabolic control of temperature compensation in the circadian rhythm of Euglena gracilis ” . In Biochronometry , Edited by: Menaker , M. 567 – 593 . National Academy of Sciences .
  • BRINKMANN , K. 1976 . Circadian rhythm in the kinetics of acid denaturation of cell membranes of Euglena gracilis . Planta , 129 : 221 – 227 .
  • BROWN , E.G. and NEWTON , R.P. 1981 . Cyclic AMP and higher plants . Phytochemistry , 20 : 24 – 63 .
  • BRUCE , V.G. and PITTENDRIGH , C.S. 1956 . Temperature independence in a unicellular “clock” . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. US , 42 : 676 – 682 .
  • BRUCE , V.G. and PITTENDRIGH , C.S. 1958 . Resetting the Euglena clock with a single light stimulus . The American Naturalist. , 92 : 295 – 306 .
  • BRZOBOHATY , B. , MOORE , I. , KRISTOFFERSEN , P. , BAKO , L. , CAMPOS , N. , SCHELL , J. and PALME , K. 1993 . Release of active cytokinin by a ß‐glucosidase localized to the main root meristem . Science , 262 : 1051 – 1054 .
  • CAUBERGS , R. , VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. and DE GREEF , J. 1984 . “ A light‐inducible cytochrome b reduction in the green alga Acetabularia ” . In Blue light effect in biological systems , Edited by: Senger , H. 173 – 176 . Springer Verlag .
  • CHANCE , B. , PYE , K. and HIGGINS , J. 1967 . Waveform generation by enzymatic oscillators . IEEE Spectrum , 4 : 79 – 86 .
  • CHRISTIANSON , R. and SWEENEY , B.M. 1973 . The dependence of the phase response curve for the luminescence rhythm in Gonyaulax on the irradiance in constant conditions . Internat. J. Chronobiol. , 1 : 95 – 100 .
  • CLAUSS , H. 1970 . “ Effect of red and blue light on morphogenesis and metabolism of Acetabularia mediterranea ” . In Biology of Acetabularia , Edited by: Brachet , J. and Bonotto , S. 177 – 191 . New York and London : Acad. Press .
  • CLAUSS , H. . Photomorphoses in marine algae. Book of abstracts . Ann. Europ. Symp. Photomorphogenesis . Bet Dagan . N° 16
  • CLAUSS , H. 1979 . Auslösung der circadianen Photosynthese‐Rhytmik bei Acetabularia durch Blaulicht . Protoplasma , 99 : 341 – 346 .
  • COLEPICO , P. , CAMARERO , V.C.P.C. and HASTINGS , J.W. 1992 . A circadian rhythm in the activity of Superoxide dismutase in the photosynthetic alga Gonyaulax polyedra . Chronobiol. internat. , 9 : 266 – 268 .
  • CORNELIUS , G. and RENSING , L. 1982 . Can phase response curves of various treatments of circadian rhythms be explained by effects on protein synthesis and degradation? . BioSystems , 15 : 35 – 47 .
  • CORNELIUS , G. , SCHROEDER‐LORENZ , A. and RENSING , L. 1985 . Circadian‐clock control of protein synthesis and degradation in Gonyaulax polyedra . Planta , 166 : 365 – 370 .
  • DONNER , B. and RENSING , L. 1984 . Circadian control of chromosome unwinding and mitochondrian division in Gonyaulax polyedra . Eur. J. Cell Biol. , 35 : 143 – 145 .
  • DOPICO , B. , NICOLAS , G. and LABRADOR , E. 1990 . Cell wall localization of the natural substrate of a ß‐galactosidase, the main enzyme responsible for the autolytic process of Cicer arietinum epicotyl cell walls . Physiol. Plantarum. , 80 : 636 – 641 .
  • DOWSE , H.B. and RINGO , J.M. 1993 . “ Is the circadian clock a “meta‐oscillator"? Evidence from studies of ultradian rhythms in Drosophila ” . In Molecular genetics of circadian rhythms , Edited by: Young , M.W. 195 – 220 . New York, Basel, Hong Kong : Marcel Dekker .
  • DRESCHER , K. , CORNELIUS , G. and RENSING , L. 1982 . Phase response curves obtained by perturbing different variables of a 24 h model oscillator based on translational control . J. Theor. Biol. , 94 : 345 – 353 .
  • DRIOUICH , A. , GOMORD , V. , FICHETTE‐LAINÉ , A.‐C. and FAYE , L. 1993 . Glycosylation des protéines végétales sécrétées et biosynthèse des glycannes complexes . Regards sur la Biochimie , : 33 – 42 . n°3
  • DUNLAP , J.C. , TAYLOR , W. and HASTINGS , J.W. 1980 . The effects of protein synthesis inhibitors on the Gonyaulax clock. I. Phase‐shifting effects of cycloheximide . J. Comp. Physiol. , 138 : 1 – 8 .
  • EDMUNDS , L.N. Jr. 1988 . Cellular and molecular bases of Biological Clocks , 497 Springer .
  • EDMUNDS , L.N. Jr. . Signal transduction between circadian clock and cell division cycle . Abstracts of the XXI Conference of the Internat. Soc. Chronobiology . Québec City. pp. 1 – 4 .
  • EDMUNDS , L.N. and ADAMS , K.J. 1981 . Clocked cell cycle clocks . Science , 211 : 1002 – 1013 .
  • EDMUNDS , L.N. Jr. and FUNCH , R. 1969 . Effect of “skeleton”; photoperiods and high frequency light‐dark cycles on the rhythm of cell division in synchronized cultures of Euglena . Planta , 87 : 134 – 163 .
  • EDMUNDS , L.N. Jr. and HALBERG , F. 1981 . “ Circadian time structure of Euglena: a model system amenable to quantification ” . In Neoplasms‐Comparative pathology of growth in animals, plants and man , Edited by: Kaiser , H.E. 105 – 134 . Baltimore : Williams and Wilkins .
  • EDMUNDS , L.N. Jr. and LAVAL‐MARTIN , D.L. 1981 . “Free‐running”; circadian rhythms of photosynthesis elicited by short‐period cycles of light and darkness in synchronously dividing and nondividing Euglena ” . In Photosynthesis VI. Photosynthesis and Productivity, Photosynthesis and Environment , Edited by: Akoyunoglou , G. 313 – 322 . Philadelphia : Balaban Internat. Sci. Services .
  • EDMUNDS , L.N. , CARRE , I.A. , TAMPONNET , C. and TONG , J. 1992 . The role of ions and second messengers in circadian clock function . Chronobiol. Internat. , 9 : 180 – 200 .
  • EDMUNDS , L.N. Jr. , JAY , M.E. , KOHLMAN , A. , LIU , S.C. , MERRIAM , V.H. and STERN‐BERG , H. 1976 . The coupling effects of some thiols and other sulfur‐containing compounds on the circadian rhythm of cell division in photosynthetic mutants of Euglena . Arch. Microbiol. , 108 : 1 – 8 .
  • ELLIS , L. , MORGAN , D.O. , KOSHLAND , D.E. Jr. , CLAUSER , E. , MOE , G.R. , BOLLAG , G. , ROTH , R.A. and RUTTER , W.J. 1986 . Linking functional domains of the human insulin receptor with the bacterial aspartate receptor . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 83 : 8137 – 8141 .
  • FELDMAN , D. , TOEKES , L.G. , STATHIS , P.A. , MILLER , S.C. , KURTZ , W. and HARVEY , D. 1984 . Idenfication of 17 ß‐estradiol as estrogenic substance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , 81 : 4722 – 4726 .
  • FELDMAN , J.F. and BRUCE , V.G. 1972 . Circadian changes in autotrophic Euglena induced by organic carbon sources . J. Protozool. , 19 : 370 – 373 .
  • FRY , S.C. 1993 . Loosening the ties . Current Biol. , 3 : 355 – 357 .
  • GLORY , M. 1979 . The circadian rhythm of polysaccharide synthesis in Acetabularia , 209 de l'Université Libre de Bruxelles (Fac. des Sciences) . Thèse
  • GLORY , M. and VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. 1985 . “ NAD+‐induced ultrastructural circadian variations in the chloroplasts of Acetabularia ” . In Acetabularia 1984 , Edited by: Bonotto , S. , Cinelli , F. and Billiau , R. 267 – 278 . Belgian Nuclear Center .
  • GOODENOUGH , J. , BRUCE , V. and CARTER , A. 1981 . The effects of inhibitors affecting protein synthesis and membrane activity on the Chlamydomonas reinhardii phototactic rhythm . Biol. Bull. , 161 : 371 – 381 .
  • GOTO , K. , LAVAL‐MARTIN , D. and EDMUNDS , L.N. Jr. 1985 . Biochemical modeling of an autonomously oscillatory circadian clock in Euglena . Science , 228 : 1284 – 1288 .
  • GROSS , I. , HARDELAND , R. and WOLF , R. 1994 . Circadian rhythm of tyrosine aminotransferase activity in Gonyaulax polyedra . Biological Rhythms Research , 25 : 51 – 58 .
  • HARDELAND , R. 1982 . Circadian rhythms of bioluminescence in two species of Pyrocystis (Dinophyta). Measurements in cell populations and in single cells . J. interdiscipl. Cycle Res. , 13 : 49 – 54 .
  • HARDELAND , R. 1993 . The presence and function of melatonin and structurally related indoleamines in a Dinoflagellate, and a hypothesis on the evolutionary significance of these tryptophane metabolites in unicellulars . Experientia , 49 : 615 – 622 .
  • HARDELAND , R. and BALZER , I. 1989 . Temperature compensation of an ultradian rhythm in Euglena . Bull. Groupe d'Etude des Rythmes biologiques , 21 : 143
  • HARDELAND , R. and BALZER , I. 1992 . Ultradian rhythms as elements of multioscillator systems in Euglena gracilis and Tetrahymena thermophila . J. interdiscipl. Cycle Research , 23 : 196 – 198 .
  • HARDELAND , R. and BALZER , I. 1993a . Chronobiology of unicells: Multiplicity of frequencies, non‐oscillatory states, photoperiodism and effects of biogenic amines. Trends in Comparât . Biochem. Physiol. , 1 : 71 – 87 .
  • HARDELAND , R. and BALZER , I. 1993b . Effets non‐paramétriques de la lumière sur le rythme de motricité chez Euglena gracilis: influences sur la phase et la période . Bull. Groupe d'Etude des Rythmes biologiques , 25 : 17 – 22 .
  • HARDELAND , R. , BEHRMAN , G. and BALZER , I. 1993 . Knocking‐out the circadian oscillator desensitizes Gonyaulax polyedra to melatonin and 5‐methoxytryptamine: is circadian rhyth‐micity required for photoperiodic cyst induction? . J. interdiscipl. Cycle Res. , 24 : 219 – 223 .
  • HARDELAND , R. , HARNAU , G. , RUESSENBERG , M. and BALZER , I. 1986 . Multiplicity or uniformity of cellular temperature compensation mechanisms? . J. Interdiscipl. Cycle Res. , 17 : 121 – 123 .
  • HARDELAND , R. , POEGGLER , B. , BALZER , I. and BEHRMAN , G. 1991 . Common basis of photoperiodism in phylogenetically distant organisms and its possible origins . J. Interdiscipl. Cycle Res. , 22 : 122 – 123 .
  • HARTWIG , R. , SCHWEIGER , M. , SCHWEIGER , R. and SCHWEIGER , H.G. 1985 . Identification of a high molecular weight polypeptide that may be part of the circadian clockwork in Acetabularia . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 82 : 6899 – 6902 .
  • HARTWIG , R. , SCHWEIGER , R. and SCHWEIGER , H.G. 1986 . Circadian rhythm of the synthesis of a high molecular weight protein in anucleate Acetabularia . Europ. J. Cell Biol. , 41 : 139 – 141 .
  • HASTINGS , J.W. 1959 . Unicellular clocks . Ann. Rev. Microbiol. , 13 : 297 – 312 .
  • HASTINGS , J.W. and SWEENEY , B.M. 1957 . The mechanism of temperature independence in a biological clock . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. US , 43 : 804 – 811 .
  • HASTINGS , J.W. and SWEENEY , B.M. 1960 . The action spectrum for shifting the phase of the rhythm of luminescence in Gonyaulax polyedra . J. gen. Physiol. , 43 : 697 – 706 .
  • HASTINGS , J.W. , BRODA , H. and JOHNSON , C.H. 1985 . “ Phase and period effects of physical and chemical factors. Do cells communicate? ” . In Temporal order , Edited by: Rensing , L. and Jaeger , N.I. 213 – 221 . Berlin and Heidelberg : Springer Verlag .
  • HEILPORN , V. and LIMBOSCH , S. 1971 . Les effets du bromure d'éthidium sur Acetabularia mediterranea . Biochim. Biophys. Acta , 240 : 94 – 108 .
  • HOBOHM , U. , CORNELIUS , G. , TAYLOR , W. and RENSING , L. 1984 . Is the circadian clock of Gonyaulax held stationary after a strong pulse of anisomycin? . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , 79A : 371 – 378 .
  • HOMMA , K. and HASTINGS , J.W. 1988 . Cell cycle synchronization of Gonyaulax polyedra by filtration: quantized generation times . J. Biol. Rhythms , 3 : 49 – 58 .
  • HOREMANS , N. , ASARD , H. and CAUBERGS , R. in press . Ascorbate free‐radicals possibly act as an electron acceptor to the plant plasma membrane ß‐type cytochrome . Arch, internat Biochim. Biophys ,
  • ISSINGER , O. , MASS , I. and CLAUSS , H. 1971 . Photosyntheseintensität der Stielregionen von Acetabularia mediterranea . Planta , 101 : 360 – 364 .
  • JOHNSON , C.H. and HASTINGS , J.W. 1989 . Circadian phototransduction: phase resetting and frequency of the circadian clock of Gonyaulax cells in red light . J. Biol. Rhythms , 4 : 417 – 437 .
  • KARAKASHIAN , M.W. and SCHWEIGER , H.G. 1976a . Evidence for a cycloheximide‐sensitive component in the biological clock of Acetabularia . Exptl. Cell Res. , 98 : 303 – 312 .
  • KARAKASHIAN , M.W. and SCHWEIGER , H.G. 1976b . Circadian properties of the rhythmic system in individual nucleated and enucleated cells of Acetabularia mediterranea . Exptl. Cell Res. , 97 : 366 – 377 .
  • KIESSIG , R.S. , HERTZ , J. and SWEENEY , B.M. 1979 . Plant Physiol. , 63 : 324 – 327 .
  • KIPPERT , F. 1987 . Endocytobiotic coordination, intracellular calcium signaling, and the origin of endogenous rhythms . Ann. N Y Acad. Sci. , 503 : 476 – 495 .
  • KIPPERT , F. 1992 . Ultradian and circadian clocks‐Two sides of one coin? . J. interdiscipl. Cycle Res. , 23 : 192 – 196 .
  • KNOETZEL , J. and RENSING , L. 1990a . Characterization of the photosynthetic apparatus from the marine Dinoflagellate Gonyaulax polyedra. I Pigment and polypeptide composition of the pigment‐protein complexes . J. Plant Physiol. , 136 : 271 – 279 .
  • KNOETZEL , J. and RENSING , L. 1990b . Characterization of the photosynthetic apparatus from the marine Dinoflagellate Gonyaulax polyedra. II. Circadian rhythmicity of photosynthesis and the supramolecular organization of pigment‐protein complexes . J. Plant Physiol. , 136 : 280 – 288 .
  • KOENITZ , W. 1965 . Elektronmikroskopische Untersuchungen an Euglena gracilis im Tagesperiodischen Licht‐Dunkel‐Wechsel . Planta , 66 : 345 – 373 .
  • KOLATA , G. 1982 . New theory of hormones proposed . Science , 215 : 1383 – 1384 .
  • KOLATA , G. 1984 . Steroid hormone systems found in yeast . Science , 225 : 913 – 914 .
  • KORNHAUSER , J.M. , NELSON , D.E. , MAYO , K. and TAKAHASHI , J.S. 1992 . Regulation of jun‐B messenger RNA and AP‐1 activity by light and a circadian clock . Science , 255 : 1581 – 1584 .
  • KRASNOW , R. , DUNLAP , J.C. , TAYLOR , W. , HASTINGS , J.W. , VETTERLING , W. and GOOCH , V. 1980 . Circadian spontaneous bioluminescent glow and flashing of Gonyaulax polyedra . J. Comp. Physiol. , 138 : 19 – 26 .
  • KRASNOW , R. , DUNLAP , J. , TAYLOR , W. , HASTINGS , J.W. , VETTERLNG , W. and HAAS , E. 1981 . “ Measurements of Gonyaulax bioluminescence, including that of single cells ” . In Bioluminescence: current perspectives , Edited by: Nealson , K.H. 52 – 63 . Minneapolis, MN : Burgess Publ. Co. .
  • LAMPORT , D.T.A. 1980 . “ Structure and function of plant glycoproteins ” . In Plant Biochemistry , Edited by: Preiss , J. 501 – 540 . Acad. Press .
  • LATEUR , L. and BONOTTO , S. 1972 . Culture of Acetabularia mediterranea in the Laboratory . Bull. Soc. roy. Botan. Belgique , 106 : 17 – 38 .
  • LAVAL‐MARTIN , D.L. , CARRE , I.A. , BARBERA , S.J. and EDMUNDS , L.N. Jr. 1990 . Rhythmic changes in NAD kinase and NADP phosphatase in the achlorophyllous ZC mutant of Euglena gracilis Klebs (strain Z) . Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , 276 : 433 – 441 .
  • LAVAL‐MARTIN , D.L. , SHUCH , D.J. and EDMUNDS , L.N. Jr. 1979 . Cell cycle related and endogenously controlled circadian photosynthesis rhythms in Euglena . Plant Physiol. , 63 : 595 – 502 .
  • LEFORT , M. Modifications du chondriome dans les cellules étiolées de l'Euglena gracilis (Klebs) . C.R. Acad. Sciences (Paris) , 258 4318 – 4321 .
  • LENK , R. , QUEIROZ‐CLARET , C. , QUEIROZ , O. and GREPPIN , H. 1982 . Studies by NMR of in vitro spontaneous oscillations of activity in enzymatic extracts . Chemical Physics Letters , 92 : 187 – 190 .
  • LI‐WEBER , M.E. , DE GROOT , E.J. and SCHWEIGER , H.G. 1987 . Sequence homology to the Drosophila per locus in higher plant nuclear DNA and in Acetabularia chloroplast DNA . Mol. Gen. Genet. , 209 : 1 – 7 .
  • LLOYD , D. and EDWARDS , S.W. 1986 . Temperature‐compensated ultradian rhythms in lower Eukaryotes: periodic turnover coupled to a timer for cell division . J. interdiscipl. Cycle Res. , 17 : 321 – 326 .
  • LLOYD , D. and KIPPERT , F. 1993 . Intracellular coordination by the ultradian clock . Biol. Internat. , 17 : 1047 – 1052 .
  • LONERGAN , T.A. 1986a . The photosynthesis and cell shape rhythms can be naturally uncoupled from the biological clock in Euglena gracilis . J. exptl. Botany , 37 : 1334 – 1340 .
  • LONERGAN , T.A. 1986b . A possible second role for calmodulin in biological clock‐controlled processes in Euglena . Plant Physiol. , 82 : 226 – 229 .
  • LONERGAN , T.A. and SARGENT , M.L. 1978 . Regulation of the photosynthesis rhythm in Euglena gracilis. I. Carbonic anhydrase and glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase do not regulate the photosynthesis rhythm . Plant Physiol. , 61 : 150 – 153 .
  • LONERGAN , T.A. and SARGENT , M.L. 1979 . Regulation of the photosynthesis rhythm in Euglena gracilis. II. Involvement of electron flow through both photosystems . Plant Physiol. , 64 : 99 – 103 .
  • LOOSE , D. , STOVER , E.P. , RESTREPO , A. , STEVENS , D.A. and FELDMAN , D. 1983 . Estradiol binds to a receptor‐like cytosol binding protein and initiates a biological response in paracoccidioides brasiliensis . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 80 : 7659 – 7663 .
  • MALINOWSKI , J.R. , LAVAL‐MARTIN , D.L. and EDMUNDS , L.N. Jr. 1985 . Circadian oscillators, cell cycles and singularities: light perturbations of the free‐running rhythm of cell division in Euglena . J. Comp. Physiol., B , 155 : 257 – 267 .
  • MARGULIS , L. 1992 . Biodiversity: molecular biological domains, symbiosis and kingdom origins . Biosystems , 27 : 39 – 51 .
  • MARGULIS , L. 1993 . Symbiosis in cell evolution. Microbial communities in the archean and proterozoic eons , 452 New York : W.H. Freeman and Co. .
  • MELDOLESI , J. 1992 . Multifarious IP3 recetpors . Current Biol. , 2 : 393 – 394 .
  • MERGENHAGEN , D. and SCHWEIGER , H.G. 1973 . Recording the oxygen production of single Acetabularia cell for a prolonged period .
  • MILOS , P. , MORSE , D. and HASTINGS , J.W. 1990 . Circadian control of many Gonyaulax proteins is at translational level . Naturwissensch. , 77 : 87 – 89 .
  • MINDER , C. and VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. 1978 . Changes in the cyclic AMP content during growth and development of Acetabularia . Differentiation , 10 : 165 – 170 .
  • MORSE , D. , MILOS , P.M. , ROUX , E. and HASTINGS , J.W. 1989 . Circadian regulation of bioluminescence in Gonyaulax involves translational control . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , : 172 – 176 .
  • NAKASHIMA , H. , PERLMAN , J. and FELDMAN , J.F. 1981 . Genetic evidence that protein synthesis is required for the circadian clock of Neurospora . Science , 212 : 361 – 362 .
  • NJUS , D. , SULZMAN , F.M. and HASTINGS , J.W. 1974 . Membrane model for the circadian clock . Nature , 248 : 116 – 120 .
  • NJUS , D. , MC MURRY , L. and HASTINGS , J.W. 1977 . Conditionality of circadian rhythmicity: synergistic action of light and temperature . J. Comp. Physiol. , 117 : 335 – 344 .
  • OLESIAK , W. , UNGAR , A. , JOHNSON , C.H. and HASTINGS , J.W. 1987 . Are protein synthesis inhibition and phase shifting of the circadian clock in Gonyaulax correlated? . J. Biol. Rhythms , 2 : 121 – 138 .
  • PFLEGING , P. , MORAWIETZ , G. and HARDELAND , R. 1994 . Differences in oscillation frequencies of aromatic amino acid catabolism in Euglena: circadian rhythmicity of tryptophan 2,3‐dioxygenase vs. predominance of ultradian periods in tyrosine aminotransferase . Biological Rhythms Research , 25 : 59 – 66 .
  • PITTENDRIGH , C.S. and CALDAROLA , P.C. 1973 . General homeostasis of the frequency of circadian oscillations . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 70 : 2697 – 2701 .
  • POEGGELER , B. , BALZER , I. and HARDELAND , R. 1991 . Pineal hormone melatonin oscillates also in the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax polyedra . Naturwissensch. , 78 : 268 – 269 .
  • PUISEUX‐DAO , S. 1970 . Acetabularia and Cell Biology , 163 Logos Press Ltd. .
  • QUEIROZ , O. and QUEIROZ‐CLARET , C. 1990 . Multiple levels in the control of rhythms in enzyme synthesis and activity by circadian clocks: recent trends . Chronobiol. Internat. , 7 : 25 – 33 .
  • RENSING , L. 1986 . Anpassung von Zellen an periodische Umweltveränderungen . Biol. Rundsch. , 24 : 5 – 15 .
  • RENSING , L. and HARDELAND , R. 1990 . The cellular mechanism of circadian rhythms‐ a view on evidence, hypotheses and problems . Chronobiol. Internat. , 7 : 353 – 370 .
  • RENSING , L. , KOHLER , W. , GEBAUER , G. and RALLIES , A. . Protein phosphorylation and circadian rhythms . Soc. Exper. Biology Seminars Se 53: Post‐translational modifications in plants . Edited by: Battey , N.H. , Dickinson , H.G. and Hetherington , A.M. pp. 171 – 185 . Cambridge Univ. Press .
  • RENSING , L. , TAYLOR , W. , DUNLAP , J. and HASTINGS , J.W. 1980 . The effects of protein synthesis inhibitors on the Gonyaulax clock. II. The effect of cycloheximide on ultrastructural parameters . J. Comp. Physiol. , 138 : 9 – 18 .
  • ROENNEBERG , T. and HASTINGS , J.W. 1988 . Two photoreceptors control the circadian clock of a unicellular alga . Naturwissensch. , 75 : 206 – 207 .
  • ROENNEBERG , T. and HASTINGS , J.W. 1991 . Are the effects of light on phase and period of the Gonyaulax clock mediated by different pathways? . Photochem. Photobiol. , 53 : 525 – 533 .
  • ROENNEBERG , T. , NAKAMURA , H. and HASTINGS , J.W. 1988 . Creatine accelerates the circadian clock in a unicellular alga . Nature , 334 : 432 – 434 .
  • ROENNENBERG , T. and MORSE , D. 1993 . Two circadian oscillators in one cell . Nature , 362 : 362 – 364 .
  • SAMUELSON , G. , SWEENEY , B.M. , MATLIK , H.A. and PREZELIN , B.B. 1983 . Changes in photosystem II account for the circadian rhythm in photosynthesis in Gonyaulax polyedra . Plant Physiol. , 73 : 329 – 331 .
  • SCHMID , R. 1981 . Effects of blue light on the circadian rhythm in Acetabularia mediterranea . Protoplasma , : 364
  • SCHMID , R. 1986 . Twofold effect of blue light on a circadian rhythm in Acetabularia . J. interdiscipl. Cycle Res. , 17 : 99
  • SCHMID , R. , FROMME , R. and RENGER , G. 1990 . The photosynthetic apparatus of Acetabularia mediterranea grown under red or blue light. Biophysical quantification and characterization of photosystem II and its core components . Photochem. Photobiol. , 52 : 103 – 109 .
  • SCHROEDER‐LORENZ , A. and RENSING , L. 1986 . Circadian clock mechanism and synthesis rates of individual protein species in Gonyaulax polyedra . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , 85B : 315 – 323 .
  • SCHROEDER‐LORENZ , A. and RENSING , L. 1987 . Circadian changes in protein synthesis rate and protein phosphorylation in cell‐free extracts of Gonyaulax polyedra . Planta , 170 : 7 – 13 .
  • SCHWEIGER , H.G. and SCHWEIGER , M. 1977 . Circadian rhythms in unicellular organisms: an endeavour to explain the molecular mechanism . Internat. Rev. Cytol. , 51 : 315 – 342 .
  • SCHWEIGER , H.G. , DEHM , P. and BERGER , S. 1977 . “ Culture conditions for Acetabularia ” . In Progress in Acetabularia Research , Edited by: Woodcock , C.L.F. 319 – 330 . New York, San Francisco, London : Academic Press .
  • SCHWEIGER , H.‐G. , HARTWIG , R. and SCHWEIGER , M. 1986 . Cellular aspects of circadian rhythms . J. Cell Sci. , 4 ( suppl. ) : 181 – 200 .
  • SCHWEIGER , E. , WALRAFF , H.G. and SCHWEIGER , H.G. 1964 . Endogenous circadian rhythm in the cytoplasm of Acetabularia: influence of the nucleus . Science , 146 : 658 – 659 .
  • SCHWEMMLER , W. 1983 . “ Endocytobiosis as an intracellular ecosystem ” . In Endocytobiology II , Edited by: Schenk , H.E.A. and Schwemmler , W. 363 – 412 . Berlin, New york : W. de Gruyter .
  • SEL'KOV , E.E. 1979 . A unifying theory of the cell clock mechanism . Chronobiologia , 6 : 155
  • STAHR , N. , HOLZAPFEL , G. and HARDELAND , R. 1980 . Phase‐shifting of the Gonyaulax clock by puromycin . J. interdiscipl. Cycle Res. , 11 : 277 – 284 .
  • SURERK , B. and MELKONIAN , M. 1983 . “ Intracellular bacteria in the Euglenophyceae: prolonged axenic culture of an algal‐bacterial system ” . In Endocytobiology 11 , Edited by: Schenk , H.E.A. and Schwemmler , W. 475 – 486 . Berlin, New York : W. de Gruyter .
  • SWEENEY , B.M. 1958 . Rhythmic cell division in populations of Gonyaulax polyedra . J. Protozool. , 5 : 217 – 224 .
  • SWEENEY , B.M. 1960 . The photosynthetic rhythm in single cells of Gonyaulax polyedra . Cold Spring Harbor Symposia quant. Biol. , 25 : 145 – 148 .
  • SWEENEY , B.M. 1969a . Rhythmic phenomena in plants , 147 London and New York : Acad. Press .
  • SWEENEY , B.M. 1969b . Transducing mechanisms between circadian clock and overt rhythms in Gonyaulax . Canad. J. Bot. , 47 : 299 – 308 .
  • SWEENEY , B.M. 1974a . A physiological model for circadian rhythms derived from the Acetabularia rhythm paradoxes . Int. J. Chronobiol. , 2 : 25 – 33 .
  • SWEENEY , B.M. 1974b . The potassium content of Gonyaulax polyedra and phase changes in the circadian rhythm of stimulated bioluminescence by short exposures to ethanol and valinomycin . Plant Physiol. , 53 : 337 – 342 .
  • SWEENEY , B.M. and HASTINGS , J.W. 1960 . Effects of temperature upon diurnal rhythms . Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. , 25 : 87 – 104 .
  • SWEENEY , B.M. and HAXO , F.T. 1961 . Persistence of a photosynthetic rhythm in enucleated Acetabularia . Science , 134 : 1361 – 1363 .
  • SWEENEY , B.M. , PREZELIN , B.B. , WONG , D. and GOVINDJEE . 1979 . Photochem. Photobiol. , 30 : 309 – 311 .
  • SWEENEY , B.M. , SATO , K. and FORK , D. 1982 . A comparison of the fluorescence and delayed light emission in Gonyaulax polyedra in day and night phases of the circadian rhythm in constant light . Carnegie Year Book , 81 : 68 – 70 .
  • TAYLOR , W. and HASTINGS , J.W. 1982 . Minute‐long pulses of anisomycin phase‐shift the biological clock in Gonyaulax by hours . Naturwissench. , 69 : 94 – 95 .
  • TAYLOR , W. , KRASNOW , R. , DUNLAP , J.C. , BRODA , H. and HASTINGS , J.W. 1982 . Critical pulses of anisomycin drive the circadian oscillator in Gonyaulax towards its singularity . J. Comp. Physiol. , 148 : 11 – 25 .
  • TONG , J. , CARRE , I. and EDMUNDS , L.N. Jr. 1991 . Circadian rhythmicity in the activities of adenylate cyclase an phosphodiesterase in synchronously dividing and stationary‐phase cultures of the achlorophyllous ZC mutant of Euglena gracilis . J. Cell Science , 100 : 365 – 369 .
  • VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. 1966 . The role of the nucleus in the circadian rhythms of Acetabularia mediterranea . Biochim. Biophys. Acta , 126 : 456 – 470 .
  • VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. 1967 . The nuclear control of the chloroplasts circadian rhythms . Science Progress , 55 : 293 – 303 .
  • VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. 1970 . Circadian variations in ATP in the chloroplasts of Acetabularia mediterranea . Biochim. Biophys. Acta , 205 : 526 – 528 .
  • VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. 1971 . Circadian rhythms in whole and in anucleate Acetabularia . Gegenbauers morph. Jahrb. Leipzig , 117 : 81 – 83 .
  • VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. 1973a . The chloroplasts of Acetabularia.The control of their multiplication and activities . Sub‐Cell. Biochem. , 2 : 33 – 67 .
  • VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. 1973b . A population of oscillators: a working hypothesis and its compatibility with the experimental evidence . Int. J. Chronobiol. , 1 : 253 – 258 .
  • VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. . Circadian rhythm in the Hill reaction of Acetabularia . Proc. 3d Internat. Congress on Photosynthesis . pp. 745 – 751 . Amsterdam : Weizmann Inst. Science, Rehovot. Elsevier Scient. Publ. Co .
  • VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. 1979 . “ Phase‐shifting effect of IAA on the photosynthetic circadian rhythm of Acetabularia ” . In Developmental Biology of Acetabularia , Edited by: Bonotto , S. , Kefeli , V. and Puiseux‐Dao , S. 195 – 204 . Elsevier .
  • VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. 1984a . Temporal morphology and cap formation in Acetabularia. I. Light‐dark perturbations . Chronobiol. internat. , 1 : 107 – 111 .
  • VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. 1984b . Temporal morphology and cap formation in Acetabularia. II. Effects of morphactin and auxin . Chronobiol. internat. , 1 : 113 – 120 .
  • VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. 1989 . Circadian rhythms and endosymbiosis: the role of phytohormones. Endocytobiology IV Edited by: Nardon , P. , Gianinazzi‐Pearson , V. , Grenier , A.M. , Margulis , L. and Smith , D.C. 193 – 196 . abstract p. 92, 1990)
  • VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. 1993 . “ Morphogenesis of Acetabularia: coordinate development, spatial and circadian control ” . In Oscillations and morphogenesis , Edited by: Rensing , L. 213 – 226 . New York, Basel, Hong Kong : Marcel Dekker .
  • VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. and BONOTTO , S. . Effect of NAD+ on photosynthesis and carbohydrate synthesis in Acetabularia . 2nd Internat. Congress on Photosynthesis . Edited by: Forti , G. , Avron , M. and Melandri , A. pp. 2059 – 2070 . The Hague : Dr. W. Junk N.V. Publ. .
  • VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. and CAUBERGS , R. 1985 . “ Inhibiting the transduction of blue light signals in Acetabularia ” . In Acetabularia 1984 , Edited by: Bonotto , S. , Cinelli , F. and Billiau , R. 91 – 100 . R. Centre d'Energie nucléaire. Mol. .
  • VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. and COTTON , G. 1986 . Polarity and circadian rhythmicity are regulatory components in Acetabularia morphogenesis . Endocyt. Cell Res. , 3 : 275 – 297 .
  • VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. and GUISSET , J.‐L. 1988 . Acetabularia growth and morphogenesis as influenced by different light‐dark cycles with the same illumination duration per 24 h . Arch. Internat. Physiol. Biochim. , 96 : 43
  • VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. and GUISSET , J.‐L. . Acetabularia: its complex temporal morphology, the mechanism generating circadian rhythmicity and its meaning in evolution . 5th Internat. Phycological Congress. Qingdao. Book of abstracts, Symp. 1 . pp. 10
  • VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. and HARS , R. 1972 . Variations circadiennes de l'ultrastructure des chloroplastes d'Acetabularia. I. Algues entières. Il Algues anucléées . J. Microscopie , 15 : 85 – 90 . 91 – 98 .
  • VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. and HARS , R. 1973 . Ultrastructure of the chloroplasts of Acetabularia mediterranea and rate of physiological activities . Arch. Biol. , 84 : 539 – 551 .
  • VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. and LANNOYE , R. 1982 . Time‐dependent effects of auxin and antiauxin on photosynthesis in Acetabularia . Internat. J. Chronobiol. , 8 : 97 – 104 .
  • VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. , BONOTTO , S. and BRACHET , J. 1970 . Inability of rifampicin to inhibit circadian rhythmicity in Acetabularia . Biochim. Biophys. Acta , 224 : 631 – 634 .
  • VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. , COTTON , G. , LOICQ , C. and CAUBERGS , R. 1985 . Chronobiological approach to the oscillating biochemical pathways identification involved in cap morphogenesis in Acetabularia mediterranea . Arch. Biologie (Bruxelles). , 96 : 504 – 504 .
  • VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. , DUJARDIN , E. , MAGNUSSON , A. and SIRONVAL , C. 1976 . Acetabularia mediterranea: circadian rhythms of photosynthesis and associated changes in molecular structure of the thylakoid membrane . Int. J. Chronobiol. , 4 : 11 – 124 .
  • VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. , JEREBZOFF , S. and JEREBZOFF‐QUINTIN , S. 1988 . Phase‐shifting effects of indole‐3‐acetic acid and the synchronization of three circadian metabolic rhythms in Acetabularia . J. interdiscipl. Cycle Res. , 19 : 81 – 87 .
  • VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. , LATEUR , L. , RZMIENIEWSKI , P. and GUISSET , J.‐L. 1988 . Natural sea‐water may be unreliable for the culture of Acetabularia . Chronobiol. internat. , 5 : 1 – 3 .
  • VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. , LAUSE , P. , GUISSET , J.‐L. , GLORY , M. and PETIAU‐DE VRIES , G. 1992 . Some aspects of glycoprotein metabolism in Acetabularia: spatio‐temporal activity of ß‐galactosidase and physiological effects of tunicamycin . J. interdiscipl. Cycle Res. , 23 : 237 – 251 .
  • VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. , LOICQ , C. , GUISSET , J.‐L. and VAN LANGENDONCKT , A. 1990 . Le fonctionnement des rythmes circadiens. La modulation périodique de la morphogénèse d'Acetabularia comme moyen d'étude du mécanisme de la rythmicité circadienne . Bull. Groupe d'Etude des Rythmes biologiques. , 22 : 33 – 49 .
  • VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. , VERHOUSTRAETEN , F. , GLORY , M. and GUISSET , J.‐L. . Circadian time‐dependent effects exertedby abscissic acid, a phytohormone, on photosynthesis, non‐chloroplast polysaccharide content and on cap formation in Acetabularia . V Internat. Colloquium on Endocytobiology and Symbiosis . Edited by: Sato , S. , Ishida , N. and Ishikawa , H. pp. 43 – 48 . Tübingen University press .
  • VAN LANGENDONCKT , A. , DE SOLAN , C. , JEREBZOFF , S. and VANDEN DRIESSCHE , T. 1991 . Non chloroplastic pyridine nucleotides concentrations in Acetabularia as related with the developmental program. Circadian modulation of the concentrations . J. interdiscipl. Cycle Res. , 22 : 223 – 236 .
  • VICKER , M.G. , BECKER , J. , GEBAUER , G. , SCHILL , W. and RENSING , L. 1988 . Circadian rhythms of the cell cycle processes in the marine Dinoflagellate Gonyaulax polyedra . Chronobiol. internat. , 5 : 5 – 17 .
  • VON DER HEYDE , F. , WILKENS , A. and RENSING , L. 1992 . The effects of temperature on the circadian rhythms of flashing and glow in Gonyaulax polyedra: are the two rhythms controlled by two oscillators? . J. Biol. Rhythms , 7 : 115 – 123 .
  • VON LINDERN , L. , BERGER , S. and MERGENHAGEN , D. 1994 . High‐resolution measurement of circadian periodicities in Acetabularia . Chronobiol. internat. , 11 : 1 – 20 .
  • VON LINDERN , L. , MERGENHAGEN , D. and BERGER , S. 1993 . Spectral analysis of circadian rhythm data: an application in Acetabularia . Chronobiologie , 20 : 163 – 168 .
  • WAGNER , E. , DEITZER , G.F. , FISHER , S. , FROSH , S. , KEMP , O. and STROBELE , L. 1975 . Endogenous oscillations in pathways of energy transduction as related to circadian rhyth‐micity and photoperiodic control . Biosystems , 7 : 68 – 76 .
  • WALLIMAN , T. 1994 . Dissecting the role of creatine kinase . Current Biology. , 4 : 42 – 46 .
  • WALTZ , B. , WALTZ , A. and SWEENEY , B.M. 1983 . Circadian rhythm in RNA in the Dinoflagellate, Gonyaulax polyedra . J. Comp. Physiol. , 151 : 207 – 213 .
  • WERZ , G. 1966 . Morphologische Veränderungen in Chloroplasten und Mitochondrien von verdunkelten Acetabularia‐Zellen . Planta , 68 : 256 – 268 .
  • YU , Q. , JACQUIER , A.C. , CITRI , Y. , HAMBLEN , M. , HALL , J.C. and ROSBACH , M. 1987 . Molecular mapping of point mutations in the period gene that stop or speed up biological clocks in Drosophila melanogaster . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 84 : 784 – 788 .
  • Université Libre de Bruxelles. 46 Avenue des Ortolans, 1170 Bruxelles, Belgium.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.