Publication Cover
Child Neuropsychology
A Journal on Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence
Volume 23, 2017 - Issue 3
637
Views
48
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Introducing a forced-choice recognition task to the California Verbal Learning Test – Children’s Version

, &
Pages 284-299 | Received 18 Aug 2015, Accepted 18 Dec 2015, Published online: 25 Jan 2016

References

  • Axelrod, B. N., & Schutte, C. (2011). Concurrent validity of three forced-choice measures of symptom validity. Applied Neuropsychology, 18(1), 27–33. doi:10.1080/09084282.2010.523369
  • Baker, D. A., Connery, A. K., Kirk, J. W., & Kirkwood, M. W. (2014). Embedded performance validity indicators within the California verbal learning test, children’s version. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 28(1), 116–127. doi:10.1080/13854046.2013.858184
  • Baldo, J. V., Delis, D., Kramer, J., & Shimamura, A. (2002). Memory performance on the California verbal learning test-II: Findings from patients with focal frontal lesions. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 8, 539–546. doi:10.1017/S135561770281428X
  • Baron, I. S. (2004). Neuropsychological evaluation of the child. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Bernstein, J. H. (2010). Developmental models in pediatric neuropsychology. In J. Donders & S. Hunter (Eds.), Principles and practice of lifespan developmental neuropsychology. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Bernstein, J. H., & Waber, D. P. (1990). Developmental neuropsychological assessment: The systemic approach. In A. A. Boulton, G. B. Baker, & M. Hissock (Eds.), Neuromethods. New York, NY: Humana Press.
  • Blaskewitz, N., Merten, T., & Kathmann, N. (2008). Performance of children on symptom validity tests: TOMM, MSVT, and FIT. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 23(4), 379–391. doi:10.1016/j.acn.2008.01.008
  • Boone, K. B. (2009). The need for continuous and comprehensive sampling of effort/response bias during neuropsychological examinations. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 23(4), 729–741. doi:10.1080/13854040802427803
  • Boone, K. B. (2013). Clinical practice of forensic neuropsychology. New York, NY: Guilford.
  • Brooks, B. L., & Ploetz, D. M. (2015). Embedded performance validity on the CVLT-C for youth with neurological disorders. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 30, 200–206. doi:10.1093/arclin/acv017
  • Bush, S. S., Ruff, R. M., Troster, A. I., Barth, J. T., Koffler, S. P., Pliskin, N. H., … Silver, C. (2005). Symptom validity assessment: Practice issues and medical necessity (NAN policy and planning committees). Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 20, 419–426. doi:10.1016/j.acn.2005.02.002
  • Carone, D. A. (2008). Children with moderate/severe brain damage/dysfunction outperform adults with mild-to-no brain damage on the medical symptom validity test. Brain Injury, 22(12), 960–971. doi:10.1080/02699050802491297
  • Chafetz, M. D., Abrahams, J. P., & Kohlmaier, J. (2007). Malingering on the social security disability consultative exam: A new rating scale. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 22(1), 1–14. doi:10.1016/j.acn.2006.10.003
  • Clark, L. R., Stricker, N. H., Libon, D. J., Delano-Wood, L., Salmon, D. P., Delis, D. C., & Bondi, M. W. (2012). Yes/No versus forced-choice recognition memory in mild cognitive impairment and alzheimer’s disease: Patterns of impairment and associations with dementia severity. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 26(7), 1201–1216. doi:10.1080/13854046.2012.728626
  • Coleman, R. D., Rapport, L. J., Millis, S. R., Ricker, J. H., & Farchine, T. J. (1998). Effects of coaching on detection of malingering on the California verbal learning test. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 20(2), 201–210. doi:10.1076/jcen.20.2.201.1164
  • Constantinou, M., & McCaffrey, R. J. (2003). Using the TOMM for evaluating children’s effort to perform optimally on neuropsychological measures. Child Neuropsychology, 9(2), 81–90. doi:10.1076/chin.9.2.81.14505
  • Curtis, K. L., Greve, K. W., Bianchini, K. J., & Brennan, A. (2006). California verbal learning test indicators of malingered neurocognitive dysfunction: Sensitivity and specificity in traumatic brain injury. Assessment, 13(1), 46–61. doi:10.1177/1073191105285210
  • Delis, D. C., Kramer, J. H., Kaplan, E., & Ober, B. A. (1994). California Verbal Learning Test – Children’s Version. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
  • Delis, D. C., Kramer, J. H., Kaplan, E., & Ober, B. A. (2000). California Verbal Learning Test –Second Edition. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
  • DeRight, J., & Carone, D. A. (2015). Assessment of effort in children: A systematic review. Child Neuropsychology, 21(1), 1–24. doi:10.1080/09297049.2013.864383
  • Donders, J. (2005). Performance on the test of memory malingering in a mixed pediatric sample. Child Neuropsychology, 11, 221–227. doi:10.1080/09297040490917298
  • Donders, J., & Strong, C. A. H. (2011). Embedded effort indicators on the California Verbal Learning Test–Second Edition (CVLT-II): An attempted cross-validation. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 25(1), 173–184.
  • Erdodi, L. A., Kirsch, N. L., Lajiness-O’Neill, R., Vingilis, E., & Medoff, B. (2014). Comparing the recognition memory test and the word choice test in a mixed clinical sample: Are they equivalent? Psychological Injury and Law, 7(3), 255–263. doi:10.1007/s12207-014-9197-8
  • Fletcher, J. M., & Taylor, H. G. (1984). Neuropsychological approaches to children: Towards a developmental neuropsychology. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 6(1), 39–56. doi:10.1080/01688638408401195
  • Green, C. M., Kirk, J. W., Connery, A. K., Baker, D. A., & Kirkwood, M. W. (2014). The use of the Rey 15-Item Test and recognition trial to evaluate noncredible effort after pediatric mild traumatic brain injury. The Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 36(3), 261–267. doi:10.1080/13803395.2013.879096
  • Green, P., & Flaro, L. (2015). Results from three performance validity tests in children with intellectual disability. Applied Neuropsychology. doi:10.1080/21622965.2014.935378
  • Greiffenstein, M. F., Baker, W. J., & Gola, T. (1994). Validation of malingered amnesia measures with a large clinical sample. Psychological Assessment, 6, 218–224. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.6.3.218
  • Heilbronner, R. L., Sweet, J. J., Morgan, J. E., Larrabee, G., Millis, S., & conference participants. (2009). American academy of clinical neuropsychology consensus conference statement on the neuropsychological assessment of effort, response bias, and malingering. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 23, 1093–1129. doi:10.1080/13854040903155063
  • Kirk, J. W., Harris, B., Hutaff-Lee, C. F., Koelemay, S. W., Dinkins, J. P., & Kirkwood, M. W. (2011). Performance on the test of memory malingering (TOMM) among a large clinic-referred pediatric sample. Child Neuropsychology, 17(3), 242–254. doi:10.1080/09297049.2010.533166
  • Kirkwood, M. W. (2015). Validity testing in child and adolescent assessment. New York, NY: Guilford.
  • Kirkwood, M. W., Hargrave, D. D., & Kirk, J. W. (2011). The value of the WISC-IV digit span subtest in detecting noncredible performance during pediatric neuropsychological examinations. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 26, 377–384. doi:10.1093/arclin/acr040
  • Kirkwood, M. W., & Kirk, J. W. (2010). The base rate of suboptimal effort in a pediatric mild TBI sample: Performance on the medical symptom validity test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 24(5), 860–872. doi:10.1080/13854040903527287
  • Larrabee, G. J. (2003). Detection of malingering using atypical performance patterns on standard neuropsychological tests. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 17(3), 410–425. doi:10.1076/clin.17.3.410.18089
  • Larrabee, G. J. (2007). Assessment of malingering. In G. J. Larrabee (Ed.), Forensic neuropsychology: A scientific approach. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Lichtenstein, J. D., Holcomb, M. J., Erdodi, L. A., Maerlender, A. C., Condiracci, C., Roth, R. M., & Pelletier, C. (2014, June). Reliable digit vs. spatial span in a clinical pediatric sample – a visual alternative? Poster session presented at annual meeting of the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology, New York, NY.
  • MacAllister, W. S., Nakhutina, L., Bender, H. A., Karantzoulis, S., & Carlson, C. (2009). Assessing effort during neuropsychological evaluation with the TOMM in children and adolescents with epilepsy. Child Neuropsychology, 15(6), 521–531. doi:10.1080/09297040902748226
  • Marshall, P., & Happe, M. (2007). The performance of individuals with mental retardation on cognitive tests assessing effort and motivation. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 21, 826–840. doi:10.1080/13854040600801001
  • Martens, M., Donders, J., & Millis, S. R. (2001). Evaluation of invalid response sets after traumatic head injury. Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology, 2(1), 1–18. doi:10.1300/J151v02n01_01
  • Miele, A. S., Gunner, J. H., Lynch, J. K., & McCaffrey, R. J. (2012). Are embedded validity indices equivalent to free-standing symptom validity tests? Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 27(1), 10–22. doi:10.1093/arclin/acr084
  • Millis, S. R., Putnam, S. H., Adams, K. M., & Ricker, J. H. (1995). The California verbal learning test in the detection of incomplete effort in neuropsychological evaluation. Psychological Assessment, 7(4), 463–471. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.7.4.463
  • Moore, B. A., & Donders, J. (2004). Predictors of invalid neuropsychological test performance after traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 18, 975–984. doi:10.1080/02699050410001672350
  • Reznek, L. (2005). The Rey 15-item memory test for malingering: A meta-analysis. Brain Injury, 19(7), 539–543. doi:10.1080/02699050400005242
  • Root, J. C., Robbins, R. N., Chang, L., & Van Gorp, W. G. (2006). Detection of inadequate effort on the California Verbal Learning Test – Second Edition: Forced choice recognition and critical item analysis. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 12, 688–696. doi:10.1017/S1355617706060838
  • Sherman, E. M. S., & Brooks, B. L. (2015). Children and adolescent memory profile (ChAMP) professional manual. Lutz, FL: PAR.
  • Slick, D. J., Iverson, G. L., & Green, P. (2000). California verbal learning test indicators of suboptimal performance in a sample of head-injury litigants. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology (Neuropsychology, Development and Cognition: Section A), 22(5), 569–579. doi:10.1076/1380-3395(200010)22:5;1-9;FT569
  • Sweet, J. J., Wolfe, P., Sattlberger, E., Numan, B., Rosenfeld, J. P., Clingerman, S., & Nies, K. J. (2000). Further investigation of traumatic brain injury versus insufficient effort with the California verbal learning test. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 15(2), 105–113. doi:10.1016/S0887-6177(98)00153-X
  • Trueblood, W. (1994). Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of malingered and other invalid WAIS-R and clinical memory data. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 4, 697–607.
  • Welsh, A. J., Bender, H. A., Whitman, L. A., Vasserman, M., & MacAllister, W. S. (2012). Clinical utility of reliable digit span in assessing effort in children and adolescents with epilepsy. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 27(7), 735–741. doi:10.1093/arclin/acs063
  • Wolfe, P. L., Millis, S. R., Hanks, R., Fichtenberg, N., Larrabee, G. J., & Sweet, J. J. (2010). Effort indicators within the California verbal learning test-II (CVLT-II). The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 24(1), 153–168. doi:10.1080/13854040903107791
  • Ylioja, S. G., Baird, A. D., & Podell, K. (2009). Developing a spatial analogue of the reliable digit span. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 24(8), 729–739. doi:10.1093/arclin/acp078

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.