509
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Out‐of‐school experiences in science classes: problems, issues and challenges in Botswana

Pages 483-496 | Published online: 22 Feb 2007

References

References

  • Anderson G Arsenault N (1998) Fundamentals of Educational Research 2nd edn. (London: Falmer Press)
  • Bogdan RC Biklen SK (1998) Qualitative Research for Education: An Introduction to Theory and Methods 3rd edn. (London: Allyn and Bacon)
  • Cajas , F . (1998) . Using out‐of‐school experiences in science lessons: an impossible task? . International Journal of Science Education , 20 (5) : 623 – 625 .
  • Campbell , B and Lubben , F . (2000) . Learning science through contexts: helping pupils make sense of everyday situations . International Journal of Science Education , 22 (3) : 239 – 252 .
  • Delamont S (1975) Beyond Flanders' fields: the relationships of subject‐matter and individuality to classroom style In M. Stubbs and S. Delamont (Eds) Explorations in Classroom Observation (Chichester: John Wiley and Sons) 102 131
  • Delamont S Hamilton D (1975) Classroom research: a critique and a new approach In M. Stubbs and S. Delamont (Eds) Explorations in Classroom Observation (Chichester: John Wiley and Sons) 4 20
  • Denzin NK (1978) The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods 2nd edn. (London: McGraw‐Hill)
  • Driver R (1989) Changing conceptions In P. Adey J. Bliss J. Head and M. Shayer (Eds) Adolescent Development and School Science (London: Falmer Press) 79 104
  • Fullan , M and Pomfret , A . (1977) . Research on curriculum and instruction implementation . Review of Educational Research , 47 (1) : 335 – 397 .
  • George , J . (1999) . World view analysis of knowledge in a rural village: implications for science education . Science Education , 83 : 77 – 95 .
  • Goetz JP Lecompte MD (1984) Ethnography and Qualitative Design in Educational Research (London: Academic Press)
  • Goodlad J Klein M Tye K (1979) The domains of curriculum and their study In J. Goodlad, M. Klein and associates (Eds) Curriculum Inquiry: The Study of Curriculum Practice (New York: McGraw‐Hill) 43 76
  • Hall S (1977) Education and the crisis of the urban school In J. Raynor and E. Harris (Eds) Urban Education: Schooling in the City (Buckingham: Warlock Educational in Association with the Open University Press) 7 17 (Reprinted from E351 Urban Education, Block 1, Undated, Open University Press 49–55)
  • Hamilton D (1982) Handling innovation in the classroom In T. Horton and P. Raggatt (Eds) Challenge and Change in the Curriculum (Buckingham: Open University Press) 177 195
  • Hargreaves L (1998) From ORACLE to super‐highways: the use of classroom observation in educational research Paper presented at Educational Research Group (ERG) Seminar, The University of York, November
  • Ingle , RB and Turner , AD . (1981) . Science curricula as a cultural misfit . European Journal of Science Education , 3 (4) : 357 – 371 .
  • Jegede OJ (1995) Collateral Learning, and the eco‐cultural paradigm in science and mathematics education In A. Hendricks (Ed.) Southern African Association for Research in Mathematics and Science Education (SAARMSE) Third Annual Meeting: Proceedings 1 (pp. 340–360) Capetown, January
  • Kahn , M . (1989) . Educational reform and the dependency paradigm: some considerations from Botswana . Compare , 19 (2) : 83 – 93 .
  • Kahn , M . (1990) . Access to science education in a developing country: the challenge to scientific literacy . Compare , 20 (2) : 155 – 162 .
  • Knamiller , GW . (1984) . The struggle for relevance in science education in developing countries . Studies in Science Education , 11 : 60 – 78 .
  • Knupfer , AM . (1996) . Ethnographic studies of children: the difficulties of Entry, rapport and presentation of their worlds . Qualitative Studies in Education , 9 (2) : 135 – 149 .
  • Koosimile AT (1999) Science curriculum implementation in Botswana Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of York
  • Koosimile , AT . (2002) . Access negotiation and curriculum change: lessons from Botswana . Qualitative Studies in Education , 15 (2) : 205 – 223 .
  • Lewin , K . (1990) . International perspectives on development of science education: food for thought . Studies in Science Education , 18 : 1 – 23 .
  • Lubben , F , Campbell , B and Dlamini , B . (1996) . Contextualising science teaching in Swaziland: some student reactions . International Journal of science Education , 18 (3) : 311 – 320 .
  • Matthews , RM . (1990) . History, Philosophy, and science teaching: a rapprochement . Studies in Science Education , 18 : 25 – 51 .
  • Mayoh , K and Knutton , S . (1997) . Using out‐of‐school experience in science lessons: reality or rhetoric? . International Journal of Science Education , 19 (7) : 849 – 867 .
  • Mayoh , K and Knutton , S . (1998) . Response to Dr F. Cajas, Michigan State University . International Journal of Science Education , 20 (5) : 627 – 628 .
  • Merriam SB (1988) Case Study Research in Education: A Qualitative Approach (San Francisco, CA: Jossey‐Bass)
  • Ministry of Education (BOTSWANA) (1995) Three‐Year Junior Secondary Syllabus: Science (Gaborone: Government Printers)
  • Newton , DP . (1988) . Relevance and science education . Educational Philosophy and Theory , 20 (2) : 7 – 12 .
  • Nganunu , M . (1988) . An attempt to write a science curriculum with social relevance for Botswana . International Journal of Science Education , 10 (4) : 441 – 448 .
  • Peacock , A . (1995) . Access to science learning for children in rural Africa . International Journal of Science Education , 12 (12) : 149 – 166 .
  • Prophet , RB . (1990) . Rhetoric and reality in science curriculum development in Botswana . International Journal of Science Education , 12 (1) : 13 – 23 .
  • Prophet RB Rowell PM (1988) Curriculum in Action: Classroom Observations in Botswana Junior Secondary Schools 1987–1988 A report prepared for the Junior Secondary Education Improvement Project (Gaborone, USAID/Botswana)
  • Reid WA (1975) The changing curriculum: theory and practice In W. A. Reid and D. F. Walker (eds.) Case Studies in Curriculum Change: Great Britain and the United States (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul) 240 259
  • Republic of Botswana (1977) Report of the National Commission on Education (Gaborone: Government Printers)
  • Republic of Botswana (1994) Report of the National Commission on Education of 1993 (Gaborone: Government Printers)
  • Republic of Botswana (2001) Education Statistics 1999 (Gaborone: Government Printers)
  • Rollnick M (1998) Relevance in science and technology education In P. Naidoo and M. Savage (Eds) African Science and Technology Education into the New Millennium: Practice, Policy and Priorities (Kenwyn: Juta and Co) 79 90
  • Sinclair M Lillis K (1980) School and the Community in the Third World (London: Croom Helm)
  • Solomon J (1985) Teaching science and society in schools the SISCON way In G. B. Harrison (Ed.) World Trends in Science and Technology Education (Nottingham: Trent Polytechnic) 22 23
  • Solomon , J . (1987) . Social influences on the construction of pupil's understanding of science . Studies in Science Education , 14 : 63 – 82 .
  • Spindler G Spindler L (1992) Cultural process and ethnography: an anthropological perspective In M. D. Lecompte, W. L. Millroy and J. Preissle (Eds) The Handbook of Qualitative Research in Education (London: Academic Press) 53 92
  • Stephens D (1990) An outsider in Kano In G. Vulliamy, K. Lewin and D. Stephens (Eds) Doing Educational Research in Developing Countries: Qualitative Strategies (London: Falmer Press) 68 82
  • Tesch R (1990) Qualitative Research: Analysis Types and Software Tools (London: Falmer Press)
  • Tournas , SA . (1996) . From sacred initiation to bureaucratic apostasy: junior secondary schoolleavers and the secularisation of education in Southern Africa . Comparative Education , 32 (1) : 27 – 43 .
  • Whyte WF (1984) Learning from the Field: A Guide from Experience (Beverley Hills, CA: Sage Publications)
  • Yin RK (1994) Case Study Research: Design and Methods 2nd edn. (London: Sage Publications)
  • Yoloye EA (1998) Historical perspectives and their relevance to present and future practice In P. Naidoo and M. Savage (Eds) African Science and Technology Education into the New Millennium: Practice, Policy and Priorities (Kenwyn: Juta and Co) 1 22

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.