Primary teachers’ changing attitudes and cognition during a two‐year science in‐service programme and their effect on pupils

References

• Arnold , M and Millar , R . (1987) . Being constructive: an alternative approach to the teaching of introductory ideas in electricity . International Journal of Science Education , 9 (5) : 553 – 563 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buzzard , B and Jarvis , T . (1999) . Optimising INSET: approaches in primary science and technology . Journal of In‐service Education , 25 (2) : 337 – 352 .
   Google Scholar
• Cavendish S (1994) Evaluation Report on Dissemination of Experience on the GEST Science and Mathematics Courses Sept 1994 (Leicester: University of Leicester) (funded by Leicestershire LEA)
   Google Scholar
• Council for Science and Technology (2000) Science Teachers: A Report on Supporting and Developing the Profession of Science Teaching in Primary and Secondary Schools (London: Council for Science and Technology)
   Google Scholar
• Department for Education and Skills (2002) Statistics of Education: School Workforce in England (London: HMSO)
   Google Scholar
• Eraut , M . (1982) . What is learned in in‐service education and how? A knowledge use perspective . British Journal of In‐Service Education , 9 (1) : 6 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Gallagher , SA . (1994) . Middle school classroom predictors of science persistence . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 31 (7) : 721 – 734 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodrum D Hackling M Rennie L (2001) The Status and Quality of Teaching and Learning of Science in Australian Schools (Canberra: Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs)
   Google Scholar
• Haladyna , T , Olsen , R and Shaughnessy , J . (1982) . Relations of student, teacher and learning environment variables to attitudes toward science . Science Education , 66 (5) : 671 – 687 .
   Google Scholar
• Hargreaves , L , Comber , C and Galton , M . (1996) . The National Curriculum: can small schools deliver? Confidence and competence levels of teachers in small rural primary schools . British Educational Research Journal , 22 : 89 – 99 .
   Google Scholar
• Harlen , W and Holroyd , C . (1997) . Primary teachers’ understanding of concepts of science: impact on confidence and teaching . International Journal of Science Education , 19 (1) : 93 – 105 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarvis , T and Pell , A . (2002) . Changes in primary boys’ and girls’ attitudes to school and science during a two‐year science in‐service programme . The Curriculum Journal , 13 (1) : 43 – 69 .
   Google Scholar
• Jarvis , T , Pell , A and McKeon , F . (2003) . Changes in primary teachers’ science knowledge and understanding during a two year in‐service programme . Research in Science and Technological Education , 21 (1) : 17 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Joyce B Showers B (1988) Student Achievement through Staff Development (New York: Longman)
   Google Scholar
• Kruger , C and Summers , M . (1989) . An investigation of some primary teachers’ understandings of changes in materials . School Science Review , 71 : 17 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Kruger , C , Summers , M and Palacio , D . (1990) . An investigation of some English primary school teachers’ understanding of the concepts force and gravity . British Educational Research Journal , 16 (4) : 383 – 397 .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , O . (1995) . Subject matter knowledge, classroom management, and instructional practices in middle school science classrooms . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 32 (4) : 423 – 440 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Office for Standards in Education (1999) Primary Education 1994–98: A Review of Primary Schools in England (London: OFSTED)
   Google Scholar
• Office for Standards in Education (2001a) Ofsted Subject Reports 1999–2000 Available online: www.ofsted.gov.uk/public/index.htm
   Google Scholar
• Office for Standards in Education (2001b) 1999–2000 Standards and Quality in Education (London: OFSTED)
   Google Scholar
• Osborne J Black P Smith M Meadows J (1991) Primary Space Project Research Report: Electricity (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press)
   Google Scholar
• Osborne , J and Simon , S . (1996) . Primary science: past and future directions . Studies in Science Education , 26 : 99 – 147 .
   Google Scholar
• Osborne R Freyberg P (1985) Learning in Science: The Implications of Children’s Science (Auckland: Heinemann)
   Google Scholar
• Pell , T and Jarvis , T . (2001) . Developing attitude to science scales for use with children of ages from five to eleven years . International Journal of Science Education , 23 (8) : 847 – 862 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pell , A and Jarvis , T . (2003) . Developing attitude to science education scales for use with primary teachers . International Journal of Science , 25 (10) : 1273 – 1295 .
   Google Scholar
• Pendlington S Palacio D Summers M (1993) Understanding Materials and Why They Change (Oxford: Oxford University Depart of Educational Studies and Westminster College)
   Google Scholar
• Piburn , MD and Baker , DR . (1993) . ‘If I were the teacher …’ Qualitative study of attitude towards science . Science Education , 77 : 393 – 406 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• She , H and Fisher , D . (2002) . Teacher communication behavior and its association with students’ cognitive and attitudinal outcomes in science in Taiwan . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 39 (1) : 63 – 78 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson , RD and Oliver , JS . (1990) . A summary of major influences on attitude toward and achievement in science among adolescent students . Science Education , 74 (1) : 1 – 18 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Summers , M . (1992) . Improving primary teachers’ understanding of science concepts — theory into practice . International Journal of Science Education , 14 (1) : 25 – 40 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Summers , M and Kruger , C . (1994) . A longitudinal study of a constructivist approach to improving primary school teachers’ subject matter knowledge in science . Teaching & Teacher Education , 10 (5) : 499 – 519 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watts , M and Walsh , A . (1997) . Affecting primary science: a case from the early years . Early Child Development and Care , 129 : 51 – 61 .
   Google Scholar
• Webb , P . (1992) . Primary science teachers’ understandings of electrical current . International Journal of Science Education , 14 (4) : 423 – 429 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wragg , EC , Bennett , SN and Carre , CG . (1989) . Primary teachers and the National Curriculum . Research Papers in Education , 4 (3) : 17 – 37 .
   Google Scholar