Towards creating effective learning environments for science teachers: the role of a science educator in the tertiary setting

References

• Australian Department of Employment, Education and Training . 1989 . Discipline Review of Teacher Education in Mathematics and Science , Vol. 1 , Canberra : AGPS .
   Google Scholar
• Baer‐Doyle , T. Correspondence education, personal epistemologies and curriculum initiatives . Paper presented to the Annual Conference of the Distance Education Association of New Zealand . July 7‐9 , Wellington.
   Google Scholar
• Baird , J. R. and Mitchell , I. J. 1986 . Improving the Quality of Teaching and Learning: An Australian Case Study ‐ The Peel Project , Melbourne : Monash University .
   Google Scholar
• Bearlin , M. , Annice , C. and Elvin , A. 1988 . WASTE: Women and Science Teacher Education , Canberra : Commonwealth Schools Commission .
   Google Scholar
• Belenky , M. F. , Clinchy , B. McV. , Goldberger , N. R. and Tarule , J. M. 1986 . Women's Ways of Knowing: The Development of Self, Voice and Mind , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Bell , B. , Kirkwood , V. and Pearson , J. 1990 . The Framework: Learning in Science Project (Teacher Development) , University of Waikato, SMER Centre . Working Paper 406
   Google Scholar
• Bentley , D. and Watts , M. 1990 . Learning and Teaching in School Science: Practical Alternatives , Milton Keynes : Open University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Biddulph , F. and Osborne , R. , eds. 1984 . Making Sense of Our World: and Interactive Teaching Approach , University of Waikato, Science Education Research Unit .
   Google Scholar
• Bloom , J. 1989 . Preservice elementary teachers’ conceptions of science, theories and evolution . International Journal of Science Education , 11 (4) : 401 – 415 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brickhouse , N. 1989 . The teaching of the philosophy of science in secondary classrooms: case studies’ of teachers personal theories . International Journal of Science Education , 11 (4) : 437 – 449 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brookfield , S. 1990 . “ Using critical incidents to explore learners’ assumptions ” . In Fostering Critical Reflection in Adulthood: A Guide to Transformative and Emancipatory Learning , Edited by: Jack Mezirow and Associates . 177 – 193 . San Francisco : Jossey‐Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Burns , R. B. 1989 . The self‐concept in teacher education . The South Pacific Journal of Teacher Education , 17 (2) : 27 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• Calderhead , J. 1989 . Reflective teaching and teacher education . Teaching and Teacher Education , 5 (1) : 43 – 51 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr , W. and Kemmis , S. 1986 . Becoming Critical: Education, Knowledge and Action Research , London : Falmer Press .
   Google Scholar
• Claxton , G. and Carr , M. 1987 . Understanding Change: The Personal Perspective , University of Waikato, SMER Centre . Working Paper 401, Learning in Science Project (Teaching)
   Google Scholar
• Cole , A. 1988 . Personal signals in spontaneous teaching practice . Qualitative Studies in Education , 2 (2) : 25 – 39 .
   Google Scholar
• Driver , R. 1989 . “ Changing conceptions ” . In School Science and Adolescent Development , Edited by: Adey , P. , Bliss , J. , Head , J. and Shayer , M. London : Falmer Press .
   Google Scholar
• Duckworth , E. 1987 . ’The Having of Wonderful Ideas’ and other Essays on Teaching and Learning , New York : Teachers’ College Press .
   Google Scholar
• Elliott , J. 1989 . Educational theory and the professional learning of teachers: an overview . Cambridge Journal of Education , 19 (1) : 81 – 101 .
   Google Scholar
• Fernandez , T. S. 1991 . Implementing an alternative primary school science pedagogy: experiences of beginning teachers , University of Waikato . MEd thesis
   Google Scholar
• Habermas , J. 1974 . Theory and Practice , London : Heinemann .
   Google Scholar
• Hardy , T. 1989 . Toward a critical pedagogy in sociology through the use of drama . Teaching Sociology , 17 (2) : 226 – 231 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy , T. , Bearlin , M. and Kirkwood , V. 1990 . Outcomes of the Primary and Early Childhood Science and Technology Project at the University of Canberra . Research in Science Education , 20 : 142 – 151 .
   Google Scholar
• Head , J. 1985 . The Personal Response to Science , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hewson , P. 1981 . A conceptual change approach to learning science . European Journal of Science Education , 3 (4) : 382 – 396 .
   Google Scholar
• Hewson , P. and Hewson , M. 1983 . Effects on instruction using students’ prior knowledge and conceptual change strategies on science learning . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 20 : 731 – 743 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hewson , P. and Hewson , M. 1987 . Science teachers’ conceptions of teaching: Implications for teacher education . International Journal of Science Education , 9 (4) : 425 – 440 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hewson , P. and Hewson , M. 1988 . An appropriate conception of teaching science: a view from studies of learning science . Science Education , 72 (5) : 595 – 614 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holly , M. L. 1989 . Reflective writing and the spirit of enquiry . Cambridge Journal of Education , 19 (1) : 71 – 80 .
   Google Scholar
• Kirkwood , V. and Hardy , T. Challenging and developing teachers’ conceptions of science education . Paper presented at the Australasian Science Education Research Association Conference . July , Surfers Paradise.
   Google Scholar
• Lukinsky , J. 1990 . “ Reflective withdrawal through journal writing ” . In Fostering Critical Reflection in Adulthood: A Guide to Transformative and Emancipatory Learning , Edited by: Jack Mezirow and Associates . 213 – 234 . San Francisco : Jossey‐Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Mezirow , J. 1990 . “ How critical reflection triggers transformative learning ” . In Fostering Critical Reflection in Adulthood: A Guide to Transformative and Emancipatory Learning , Edited by: Jack Mezirow and Associates . 1 – 20 . San Francisco : Jossey‐Bass .
   Google Scholar
• More , A. 1987 . Native Indian learning styles: a review for researchers and teachers . Journal of American Indian Education , 26 (4) : 17 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Nespor , J. 1987 . The role of beliefs in the practice of teaching . Journal of Curriculum Studies , 19 (4) : 317 – 328 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nias , J. 1984 . The definition and maintenance of self in primary schools . British Journal of Sociology in Education , 5 (3) : 267 – 280 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nussbaum , J. and Novick , S. 1982 . Alternative frameworks, conceptual conflicts and accommodation: toward a principled teaching strategy . Instructional Science , 11 : 183 – 200 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osborne , R. and Freyberg , P. 1985 . Learning in Science: The Implications of Children's Science , 91 – 99 . Auckland : Heinemann .
   Google Scholar
• Osborne , R. and Wittrock , M. 1985 . The generative learning model and its implications for science education . Studies in Science Education , 12 : 59 – 87 .
   Google Scholar
• Posner , G. , Strike , K. , Hewson , P. and Gertzog , W. 1982 . Accommodation of a scientific conception: toward a theory of conceptual change . Science Education , 66 : 211 – 227 .
   Google Scholar
• Raymond , D. , Butt , R. and Townsend , D. Contexts for teacher development: insights from teachers’ stories . Paper presented at the International Conference on Teacher Development . February . OISE .
   Google Scholar
• Rennie , L. J. , Parker , L. H. and Hutchinson , P. E. 1985 . The Effect of Inservice Training on Teacher Attitudes and Primary School Science Classroom Climate , Perth : University of Western Australia . Research Report No. 12
   Google Scholar
• Rowell , J. and Dawson , J. 1984 . Controlling variables: testing a programme for teaching a general solution strategy . Research in Science and Technology Education , 2 : 37 – 46 .
   Google Scholar
• Schön , D. 1983 . The Reflective Practitioner , London : Temple Smith .
   Google Scholar
• Schön , D. 1987 . Educating The Reflective Practitioner , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Shuell , T. 1985 . Cognitive psychology and conceptual change: implications for science teaching . Science Education , 11 (2) : 239 – 250 .
   Google Scholar
• Symington , D. 1987 . Technology in the primary school curriculum: teacher ideas . Research in Science & Technological Education , 5 (2) : 167 – 172 .
   Google Scholar
• Symington , D. and Osborne , R. 1985 . Toward professional development in science education for the primary school teacher . European Journal of Science Education , 7 (1) : 19 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tobin , K. 1988 . Improving science teaching practices . International Journal of Science Education , 10 (5) : 475 – 484 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watts , M. and Bentley , D. 1987 . Constructivism in the classroom: enabling conceptual change by words and deeds . British Educational Research Journal , 13 (2) : 121 – 135 .
   Google Scholar