References
- Ben‐Zvi , R. , Eylon , B. and Silberstein , J. 1986 . Is an atom of copper malleable? . Journal of Chemical Education , 63 : 64 – 66 .
- Camacho , M. and Good , R. 1989 . Problem solving and chemical equilibrium: successful versus unsuccessful performance . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 26 : 251 – 272 .
- Duschl , R. A. and Gitomer , D. H. 1991 . Epistemological perspectives on conceptual change: implications for educational practice . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 28 : 839 – 858 .
- Gabel , D. L. , Sherwood , R. D. and Enochs , L. 1984 . Problem‐solving skills of high school chemistry students . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 21 : 221 – 233 .
- Gorodetsky , M. and Gussarsky , E. The roles of students and teachers in misconceptualization of aspects in ‘chemical equilibrium’ . Proceedings of the Second International Seminar on Misconceptions and Educational Strategies in Science and Mathematics . Vol. 3 , pp. 186 – 193 . Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press .
- Guilford , J. P. and Fruchter , B. 1978 . Fundamental Statistics in Psychology and Education , 6th edn , New York : McGraw‐Hill .
- Gussarsky , E. and Gorodetsky , M. 1988 . On the chemical equilibrium concept. Constrained word associations and conception . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 25 : 319 – 333 .
- Hackling , M. W. and Garnett , P. J. 1985 . Misconceptions of chemical equilibrium . European Journal of Science Education , 7 : 205 – 214 .
- Hanson , N. R. 1958 . Patterns of Discovery , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Johnstone , A. H. , MacDonald , J. J. and Webb , G. 1977 . Chemical equilibrium and its conceptual difficulties . Education in Chemistry , 14 : 169 – 171 .
- Kitchener , R. F. 1986 . Piaget's Theory of Knowledge: Genetic Epistemology and Scientific Reason , New Haven, CT : Yale University Press .
- Mahan , B. 1968 . University Chemistry , Bogota : Fondo Educativo Interamericano (Addison‐Wesley) .
- Maskill , R. and Cachapuz , A. F. C. 1989 . Learning about the chemistry topic of equilibrium: the use of word association tests to detect developing conceptualizations . International Journal of Science Education , 11 : 57 – 69 .
- Niaz , M. 1989 . The relationship between M‐demand, algorithms, and problem solving: a neo‐Piagetian analysis . Journal of Chemical Education , 66 : 422 – 424 .
- Niaz , M. and Robinson , W. R. 1992 . From ‘algorithmic mode’ to ‘conceptual gestalt’ in understanding the behavior of gases: an epistemological perspective . Research in Science & Technological Education , 10 : 53 – 64 .
- Niaz , M. and Robinson , W. R. 1993 . Teaching algorithmic problem solving or conceptual understanding: role of developmental level, mental capacity, and cognitive style . Journal of Science Education and Technology , 2 : 407 – 416 .
- Novick , S. and Nussbaum , J. 1978 . Junior high school pupils’ understanding of the particulate nature of matter: an interview study . Science Education , 62 : 273 – 281 .
- Nurrenbern , S. C. and Pickering , M. 1987 . Concept learning versus problem solving: is there a difference? . Journal of Chemical Education , 64 : 508 – 510 .
- Piaget , J. and Garcia , R. 1989 . Psychogenesis and the History of Science , New York : Columbia University Press .
- Pickering , M. 1990 . Further studies on concept learning versus problem solving . Journal of Chemical Education , 67 : 254 – 255 .
- Sawrey , B. A. 1990 . Concept learning versus problem solving: revisited . Journal of Chemical Education , 67 : 253 – 254 .
- Stewart , J. , Finley , F. N. and Yarroch , W. L. 1982 . Science content as important consideration in science education research . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 19 : 425 – 432 .
- Wheeler , A. E. and Kass , H. 1978 . Student misconceptions in chemical equilibrium . Science Education , 62 : 223 – 232 .