Codeswitching in L1 and L2 learning contexts: insights from a study of teacher beliefs and practices in Mozambican bilingual education programmes

References

• Alidou , H. , Boly , A. , Brock-Utne , B. , Diallo , Y. S. , Heugh , K. and Wolff , H. E. 2006 . Optimizing Learning and Education in Africa – The Language Factor. A Stock-taking Research on Mother Tongue and Bilingual Education in Sub-Saharan Africa , Paris : Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA) . http://www.adeanet.org/biennial2006/doc/document/B3_1_MTBLE_en.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Arthur , J. 2001 . “ Codeswitching and Collusion: Classroom Interaction in Botswana Primary Schools ” . In Voices of Authority: Education and Linguistic Difference , Edited by: Heller , M. and Martin-Jones , M. 57 – 75 . London : Ablex .
   Google Scholar
• Benson , C. 2000 . The Primary Bilingual Education Experiment in Mozambique, 1993 to 1997 . International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism , 3 ( 3 ) : 149 – 166 . doi: 10.1080/13670050008667704
   Google Scholar
• Brock-Utne , B. 2005 . “ Language-in-education Policies and Practices in Africa with a Special Focus on Tanzania and South Africa – Insights From Research in Progress ” . In Decolonisation, Globalisation: Language-in-education Policy and Practice , Edited by: Lin , A. M. and Martin , P. W. 173 – 193 . Clevedon : New Perspectives on Language and Education .
   Google Scholar
• Bunyi , G. 2001 . “ Language and Education Inequality in Primary Classrooms in Kenya ” . In Voices of Authority: Education and Linguistic Difference , Edited by: Heller , M. and Martin-Jones , M. 78 – 100 . London : Ablex .
   Google Scholar
• Canagarajah , A. S. 1995 . Functions of Codeswitching in ESL Classrooms: Socialising Bilingualism in Jaffna . Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development , 6 ( 3 ) : 173 – 195 . doi: 10.1080/01434632.1995.9994599
   Google Scholar
• Chick , J. K. 1996 . “ Safe-talk: Collusion in Apartheid Education ” . In Society and the Language Classroom , Edited by: Coleman , H. 21 – 39 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Chimbutane , F. 2005 . “ Práticas de Ensino e Aprendizagem do Português na Escola Moçambicana: O caso de Turmas Bilingues ” . In Língua Portuguesa e Cooperação Para o Desenvolvimento , Edited by: Mateus , M. H. and Pereira , L. 159 – 181 . Lisboa : Colibri e CIDAC .
   Google Scholar
• Chimbutane , F. 2011 . Rethinking Bilingual Education in Postcolonial Contexts , Bristol : Multilingual Matters .
   Google Scholar
• Cook , V. 2001 . Using the First Language in the Classroom . The Canadian Modern Language Review , 57 ( 3 ) : 402 – 423 . doi: 10.3138/cmlr.57.3.402
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummins , J. 2008 . “ Teaching for Transfer: Challenging the Two Solitudes Assumption in Bilingual Education ” . In Encyclopedia of Language and Education. Bilingual Education , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Cummins , J. and Hornberger , N. H. Vol. 5 , 65 – 75 . New York : Springer . of
   Google Scholar
• Heller , M. 2006 . Linguistic Minorities and Modernity. (2nd ed , London : Continuum .
   Google Scholar
• Howe , C. and Mercer , N. 2007. . The Primary Review: Research Survey 2/1b, Children's Social Development, Peer Interaction and Classroom Learning , Cambridge : University of Cambridge .
   Google Scholar
• INDE/MINED (Instituto Nacional do Desenvolvimento da Educação/Ministério da Educação) . 2001 . Programa do Ensino Básico: 1° Ciclo , Maputo : INDE/MINED .
   Google Scholar
• INDE/MINED (Instituto Nacional do Desenvolvimento da Educação/Ministério da Educação) . 2003 . Plano Curricular do Ensino Básico: Objectivos, Política, Estrutura, Plano de Estudos e Estratégias de Implementação , Maputo : INDE/MINED .
   Google Scholar
• INE (Instituto Nacional de Estatística) . 2009 . Dados do Recenseamento Geral da População e Habitação de 2007 , Maputo: INE . (http://www.ine.gov.mz)
   Google Scholar
• Levine , G. S. 2009 . “ Building Meaning Through Code Choice in Second Language Learner Interaction: A D/discourse Analysis and Proposals for Curriculum Design and Teaching ” . In First Language Use in Second and Foreign Language Learning , Edited by: Turnbull , M. and Dailey-O’Cain , J. 145 – 162 . Bristol : Multilingual Matters .
   Google Scholar
• Lin , A. M. 2008 . “ Code-switching in the Classroom: Research Paradigms and Approaches ” . In Encyclopedia of Language and Education. Research Methods in Language and Education , 2nd ed , Edited by: King , K. A. and Hornberger , N. H. Vol. 10 , 273 – 286 . New York : Springer . of
   Google Scholar
• Macaro , E. 2001 . Analysing Student Teachers’ Codeswitching in Foreign Language Classrooms: Theories and Decision Making . The Modern Language Journal , 85 ( 4 ) : 531 – 548 . doi: 10.1111/0026-7902.00124
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macaro , E. 2006 . “ Codeswitching in the L2 Classroom: A Communication and Learning Strategy ” . In Non-native Language Teachers: Perceptions, Challenges and Contributions to the Profession , Edited by: Llurda , E. 107 – 127 . Boston , MA : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Macaro , E. 2009 . “ Teacher Use of Codeswitching in the Second Language Classroom: Exploring ‘Optimal’ Use ” . In First Language Use in Second and Foreign Language Learning , Edited by: Turnbull , M. and Dailey-O’Cain , J. 35 – 49 . Bristol : Multilingual Matters .
   Google Scholar
• Martin , P. 2005 . “ ‘Safe’ Language Practices in two Rural Schools in Malaysia: Tensions Between Policy and Practice ” . In Decolonisation, Globalisation: Language-in-education Policy and Practice , Edited by: Lin , A. M. and Martin , P. W. 74 – 97 . Clevedon : Multilingual Matters .
   Google Scholar
• Martin-Jones , M. 1995 . “ Code-switching in the Classroom: Two Decades of Research ” . In One Speaker, Two Languages: Cross-disciplinary Perspectives on Code-switching , Edited by: Milroy , L. and Muysken , P. 90 – 111 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Martin-Jones , M. and Saxena , M. 2003. . Bilingual Resources and ‘funds of knowledge’ for Teaching and Learning in Multi-ethnic Classroom in Britain . International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism , 6 ( 3-4 ) : 267 – 282 . doi: 10.1080/13670050308667785
   Google Scholar
• Mercer , N. 1992 . “ Culture, Context and the Construction of Knowledge in the Classroom ” . In Context and Cognition: Ways of Learning and Knowing , Edited by: Light , P. and Butterworth , G. 28 – 46 . London : Harvester Wheatsheaf .
   Google Scholar
• Merritt , M. , Cleghorn , A. , Abagi , J. O. and Bunyi , G. 1992 . “ Socializing Multilingualism: Determinants of Code-switching in Kenyan Primary Classrooms ” . In Codeswitching , Edited by: Eastman , C. 103 – 122 . Clevedon : Multilingual Matters .
   Google Scholar
• Moje , E. B. 2008 . “ Everyday Funds of Knowledge and School Discourses ” . In Encyclopedia of Language and Education. Discourse and Education , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Martin-Jones , M. , de Mejia , A. M. and Hornberger , N. H. Vol. 3 , 341 – 355 . New York : Springer . of
   Google Scholar
• Moll , L. C. 1992 . Bilingual Classroom Studies and Community Analysis: Some Recent Trends . Educational Researcher , 21 ( 2 ) : 20 – 24 . doi: 10.3102/0013189X021002020
   Google Scholar
• Moll , L. C. , Amanti , C. , Neff , D. and González , N. 1992 . Funds of Knowledge for Teaching: Using a Qualitative Approach to Connect Homes and Classrooms . Theory into Practice , 31 ( 2 ) : 132 – 141 . doi: 10.1080/00405849209543534
   Google Scholar
• Saxena , M. 2009 . Construction & Deconstruction of Linguistic Otherness: Conflict & Code-switching in (English/) Bilingual Classrooms . English Teaching: Practice and Critique , 8 ( 2 ) : 167 – 187 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sitoe , B. and Ngunga , A. 2000 . Relatório do II Seminário Sobre a Padronização da Ortografia de Línguas Moçambicanas , Maputo : NELIMO, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane .
   Google Scholar
• Stroud , C. 2004 . The Performativity of Codeswitching . International Journal of Bilingualism , 8 ( 2 ) : 145 – 166 . doi: 10.1177/13670069040080020301
   Google Scholar
• Stroud , C. and Tuzine , A. 1998 . Uso de Línguas Africanas no Ensino: Problemas e Perspectives , Maputo : INDE .
   Google Scholar
• Turnbull , M. 2001 . There is a Role for the L1 in Second and Foreign Language Teaching But… . The Canadian Modern Language Review , 57 ( 4 ) : 531 – 540 . doi: 10.3138/cmlr.57.4.531
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turnbull , M. and Dailey-O’Cain , J. 2009 . First Language Use in Second and Foreign Language Learning , Bristol : Multilingual Matters .
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO . 1953 . The Use of Vernacular Languages in Education , Paris : UNESCO .
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO . 1990 . Education for All by Year 2000 , Paris : UNESCO .
   Google Scholar
• Veloso , T. 2002 . Becoming Literate in Mozambique – The Early Stages in Sena (Cisena) and Shangaan (Xichangana) . Perspectives in Education , 20 ( 1 ) : 80 – 96 .
   Google Scholar
• Wei , Li and Martin , P. 2009 . Conflicts and Tensions in Classroom Codeswitching: An Introduction . International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism , 12 ( 2 ) : 117 – 122 . doi: 10.1080/13670050802153111
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar