510
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
FULL CRITICAL REVIEW

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Grades 23 and 24 creep strength enhanced ferritic steels

, &
Pages 32-56 | Received 12 Oct 2015, Accepted 22 Jun 2016, Published online: 02 Aug 2016

References

  • F. Masuyama and H. Mitsuura: ‘High strength heat-resistant low alloy steels’, Patent 5,084,238, 28 January 1992.
  • A. Iseda, Y. Sawaragi, F. Masuyama and T. Yokoyama: ‘Low-alloy heat-resistant steel having improved creep strength and toughness’, Patent 5,211,909, 18 May 1993.
  • N. Komai, F. Masuyama, T. Yokoyama, H. Hirata, K. Kawano and T. Kan: ‘High strength, low alloy, heat resistant steel’, Patent 6,379,611, 30 April 2002.
  • ‘Code Case 2199.’ ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Approved June 28th, 2012.
  • A. Iseda, Y. Sawaragi, F. Masuyama and T. Yokoyama: ‘Low-chromium ferritic heat-resistant steel with improved toughness and creep strength’, Patent 5,407,635, 18 April 1995.
  • P. Bernasovsky, P. Brziak, K. Hakl, J. Pecha and T. Vlasak: ‘Creep behavior of steel P23 weldments’, Proceedings for the ‘Safety and reliability of welded components in energy and processing industry’, Graz, Austria, July 10–11, 2008, Graz University of Technology, 2008, 239–244.
  • S. Caminada: ‘Long term properties and microstructural evolution of ASTM Grade 23’, Proceedings of the ‘6th International Conference on Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants’, August 31, 2010 – September 3, 2010, 2011, 127–139.
  • J. C. Valliant, B. Vandenberghe, C. Zakine, J. Gabrel and W. Bendick: ‘The T23/P23 Book’, 24; 2006, Paris: Vallourec and Mannesmann Tubes.
  • J. Shingledecker and D. Glanton: ‘Relationship between alloy chemistry, hardenability, and creep behavior of Code Case 2199 (T23)’, 2011, Palo Alto, CA, EPRI. 1024753.
  • ‘Data sheets on the elevated-temperature properties of 2.25Cr-1.6W steel tubes for power boilers (KA-STBA24J1) and 2.25Cr-1.6W steel pipe for high-temperature service (KA-STPA24J1)’, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan, 2008. Creep Data Sheet No. 54.
  • N. Komai, T. Imazato and F. Masuyama: ‘Continuously cooled microstructure and creep rupture strength of low C-2.25Cr-1.6W-V-Nb steel’, ISIJ Int., 2001, 41, (Suppl.), S91–S96. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.41.Suppl_S91
  • F. Masuyama: ‘Grade 23 development story and experience’, ETD ‘New High Temperature Materials’ International Conference, Chicago, IL, August 4–5, 2011.
  • H. Okada, M. Igarashi, M. Yoshizawa, S. Matsumoto, T. Nakashima and A. Iseda: ‘Long-term creep properties of 2.25Cr-1.6W-VNbB steel (T23/P23) for fossil fired and heat recovery boilers’, 6th International Conference on ‘Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants’, August 31, 2010 – September 3, 2010, 2011, 153–163.
  • ‘Embrittlement of components in fossil fuelled power plants’, 2003, Palo Alto, CA, EPRI. 1004515.
  • T. Imazato and N. Komai: ‘Effect of tempering times on creep strength in ASME Gr.23 (2.25Cr-1.6W) steel’, Proceedings of the ‘International Scientific Conference Materials for Advanced Power Engineering’, Liege, Belgium, 2006. Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Germany: 20060, 997–1009.
  • M. Igarashi, M. Yoshizawa, H. Matsuo, O. Miyahara and A. Iseda: ‘Long-term creep properties of low C-2.25Cr-1.6W-V-Nb steel (T23/P23) for fossil fired and heat recovery boilers’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2009, 510–511, 104–109. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2008.05.054
  • M. Nakashiro, S. Kihara, F. Kishimoto and T. Fujimori: ‘Evaluation of long-term creep strength of 2.25Cr-1Mo heat transfer tube in actual service stress level range’, ISIJ Int., 1990, 30, (10), 823–828. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.30.823
  • K. Sawada, M. Tabuchi and K. Kimura: ‘Creep strength degradation of ASME P23/T23 Steels’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2009, 513–514, 128–137. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2009.02.027
  • K. Sawada, M. Fujitsuka, M. Tabuchi and K. Kimura: ‘Effect of microstructural change and oxidation on creep behavior of P23/T23 steels’, ‘Creep & Fracture in High Temperature Components – Design and Life Assessment Issues’, Zurich, Switzerland, 2009, 79–90.
  • Y. Deng, L. Zhu, Q. Wang and F. Zou: ‘Study of property degradation of T23 heat-resistant steel based on microstructural evolution during creep’, Steel Res. Int., 2006, 77, (11), 844–848.
  • J. Dobrzanski, J. Pasternak and A. Zielinksi: ‘Evaluation of base material and welded joints designated for membrane wall components made from low-alloy steels in large boilermaker conditions’, 9th Liege Conference: ‘Materials for Advanced Power Engineering’, Liege, Belgium, September 27–29, 2010, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Germany: 2010, 390–399.
  • L. Wang, L. Zhu, Y. Deng, Q. Wang and F. Zou: ‘Mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of T23 heat-resistant steel during aging at 873 K’, High Temp. Mater. Process., 2008, 27, (1), 11–17. doi: 10.1515/HTMP.2008.27.1.11
  • M. Svobodova, J. Douda and J. Kudrman: ‘Degradation of mechanical and structural properties of steel T23’, Mater. Sci. Forum, 2007, 567, 389–392.
  • H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia: ‘Bainite in steels’, 2nd edn, 115; 2001, London, Institute of Metals.
  • Technical handbook of bohler welding products’, 2–115; 2010, Kapfenberg, Germany, Bohler Schweiβtechnik Austria GmbH.
  • Kobelco welding handbook: welding consumables and processes’, 2011, Tokyo, Japan, Kobe Steel, Ltd.
  • Kobelco welding today’, 3rd Special edn, 25, Kobelco Welding Consumables for Heat-Resistant Low-Alloy Steel.
  • Metrode products limited welding consumables technical handbook (Revision 10)’, 2009, United Kingdom, Metrode Products Ltd.
  • G. B. Holloway, A. W. Marshall and Z. Zhang: ‘Welding consumables for P92 and T23 creep resisting steels’, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference ‘Welding and Repair Technology for Power Plants’, Clear Point, Alabama, June 26–28, 2002.
  • ‘NSSW covered arc welding electrodes and gas tungsten arc welding wires for boiler tube/pipe’, 2010, Technical Datasheet Published by Nippon Steel and Sumikin Welding Co, Ltd.
  • Oerlikon welding consumables product data’, 3rd edn, 114, France: Air Liquide Welding.
  • G. Cumino, A. Poli, S. Caminada, E. Baune, E. Galand, B. Leduey, A. Bertoni, G. Liberati, A. DiGianfrancesco and F. Cirilli: ‘Grade 23 tubes, pipes and welded joints production: materials, consumables, and process developments’, Competence Technical Journal (No. 2). France: Oerlikon, November 2007, 13–22.
  • ‘The Creep Strength Enhanced Ferritic (CSEF) Steel Welding Guide’, 2013, Palo Alto, EPRI. 1026584.
  • J. Brozda and J. Pasternak: ‘Weldability evaluation of martensitic heat resisting chromium steels with tungsten additions and properties of welded joints’, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on ‘Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants’, October 25, 2004–October 28, 2004, 967–986.
  • J. B. Brózda: ‘Weldability and properties of joints welded in the new-generation creep-resistant steels: T/P23 Steel’, Weld. Int., 2004, 18, (10), 761–770. doi: 10.1533/wint.2004.3341
  • P. Mohyla and V. Foldyna: ‘Improvement of reliability and creep resistance in advanced low-alloy steels’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2009, 510–511, 234–237. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2008.05.056
  • P. Mohyla and V. Foldyna: ‘An importance of PWHT on low-alloyed creep-resistant steel welds’, Proceedings of the 16th International ‘Metallurgical and Material Conference’, Hradec and Moravici, Czech Republic, 2007.
  • J. D. Parker: ‘In service experience with welds at high temperatures’, Conference Proceedings for the Third International Conference on ‘Integrity of High Temperature Welds’, London, UK, April 24–26, 2007, 13–24.
  • ‘Service experience with Grade 91 components’, 2009, Palo Alto, CA, EPRI. 1018151.
  • J. A. Francis, W. Mazur and H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia: ‘Review type IV cracking in ferritic power plant steels’, Mater. Sci. Technol., 2006, 22, (12), 1387–1395. doi: 10.1179/174328406X148778
  • H. J. Schuller, J. Haigh and A. Woitscheck: ‘Cracking in the weld region of shaped components in hot steam lines – Materials investigations’, Der Maschinenschaden, 1974, 47, (1), 1–13.
  • N. Komai, F. Masuyama and T. Yokoyama: ‘Fabrication trial for 2.25Cr-1.6W(HCM2S) steel large diameter and thick section pipe’, 83–88.
  • N. Komai, F. Masuyama, I. Ishihara and T. Yokoyama: ‘Development and application of 2.25Cr-1.6W (HCM2S) steel large diameter and thick section pipe’, Adv. Heat Resist. Steels Power Gener., 1998, 96–108.
  • H. Van Wortel: ‘P23 and P24 for power generation and hydrogen service: are they fit for these applications?’, Eindhoven, Netherlands, TNO Science and Industry.
  • E. Baune, E. Galand, B. Leduey, S. Caminada, G. Cumino, A. Di Gianfrancesco and L. Cipolla: ‘Experience in welding grades 23, 91 and 92 tubes and pipes for applications in modern power plants’, Proceedings of the International Conference on ‘New Developments on Metallurgy and Applications of High Strength Steels’, Buenos Aires, Argentine, May 26–28, 2008, 425–437.
  • M. Barrie, R. V. Maskell, T. B. Brown and T. Dauda: ‘Advanced modelling and testing – thick sectioned welded alloy HCM2S (P23)’, Report No. COAL R293 DTI/Pub URN 05/1681, December 2005.
  • F. Masuyama, A. Iseda, Y. Sawaragi and T. Yokoyama: ‘Development of tungsten strengthened low alloy steel with improved weldability’, ‘Service Experience and Reliability Improvement: Nuclear Fossil and Petrochemical Plants’, PVP-Vol. 288. ASME, 1994, 141–146.
  • A. Dhooge and J. Vekeman: ‘New generation 21/4Cr steels T/P 23 and T/P 24 weldability and high temperature properties’, Weld. World, 2005, 49, 75–93. doi: 10.1007/BF03266492
  • D. J. Allen, C. C. Degnan, S. J. Brett and L. W. Buchanan: ‘Influence of weld structure on cross-weld creep behavior in P23 steel’, Proceedings of the 9th Liege Conference: ‘Materials for Advanced Power Engineering’, 2010, 492–505.
  • F. V. Ellis, J. F. Henry, J. E. Bynum and S. O. Hilton: ‘Creep cracking behavior in 2.25Cr-1Mo longitudinal seam welded hot reheat piping, life assessment and life extension of power plant components’, Proceedings of the ‘1898 ASME pressure vessels and piping conference’, Honolulu, Hawaii, July 23–27, 1989, T.V. Narayanan, editor.
  • R. Viswanathan and J. R. Foulds: ‘Failure experience with seam welded hot reheat pipes in the USA, service experience, structural integrity, severe accidents, and erosion in nuclear and fossil plants’, ‘The 1995 Joint ASME/JSME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference’, Honolulu, Hawaii, July 23–27, 1989, S.R. Paterson, editor.
  • F. Abe, T. U. Kern and R. Viswanathan: ‘Creep-resistant steels’, 481; 2008, Cambridge, Woodhead Publishing Limited.
  • S. Caminada, G. Cumino, L. Cipolla and A. Di Gianfrancesco: ‘Cold bending of advanced ferritic steels: ASTM grades T23, T91, T92’, Int. J. Press. Vessels Pip., 2009, 86, (12), 853–861. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2009.10.001
  • ‘Code Case 2540’, ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Approved June 28th, 2012.
  • W. Bendick, J. Gabrel, B. Hahn and B. Vandenberghe: ‘New low alloy heat resistant ferritic steels T/P23 and T/P24 for power plant application’, Int. J. Press. Vessels Pip., 2007, 84, 13–20. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2006.09.002
  • I. Von Hagen and W. Bendick: ‘Creep resistant ferritic steels for power plants’, Proceedings of the International Symposium Niobium, 2001, 753–776.
  • S. Huysmans, J. Vekeman and F. Vanderlinden: ‘Assessment of the weldability related to the use of advanced 2¼ Cr modified T24 creep resisting steels in modern ultra supercritical power plants’, ETD ‘New High Temperature Materials’ International Conference, Chicago, IL, August 4–5, 2011.
  • M. Jarrar: ‘T24/7CrMoVTiB10-10 – field experiences and lessons learned’, Presented at V&M Powergen Technical Seminar, Orlando, FL, December 13, 2012.
  • A. Aghajani, C. Somsen, J. Pesicka, W. Bendick, B. Hahn and G. Eggeler: ‘Microstructural evolution in T24, a modified 2(1/4)Cr-1Mo steel during creep after different heat treatments’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2009, 510–511, 130–135. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2008.08.049
  • L. Mraz, P. Brziak, P. Bernasovsky, P. Zifcak, J. Kotora, D. Krajci, M. Mraz, J. Pecha, J. Robinson and D. Tanner: ‘Experience with utility properties of T24 steel’, Proceedings of the ‘9th International Trends in Welding Conference 2012’, Chicago, IL, June 4–8, 2012, 1003–1010.
  • B. Hahn, M. Spiegel and W. Bendick: ‘T23, T24, and VM12: structure, properties and application’, Presented at the VGB Workshop Material and Quality Assurance, Copenhagen, Denmark, May 13–15, 2009.
  • A. Zielinski and J. Dobrzanski: ‘Material properties and structure of thick-walled elements made from steel 7CrMoVTiB10-10 after long-term annealing’, Arch. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2012, 58, (1), 5–12.
  • R. Fuchs, B. Hahn and H. Heuser: ‘Affect of inexpert working of heat resistant steels to the serviceability’, Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on ‘Welding and Repair Technology for Power Plants’, Sandestin, FL, 2004.
  • W. Bendick, B. Hahn, H. Heuser and R. Fuchs: ‘Behavior of new pipe steels and their welds in modern high efficiency power stations with high steam parameter’, 5th International Conference on ‘Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants’, October 3, 2007 - October 5, 2007, 830–862.
  • P. Mohyla, P. Tomeik, L. Beneš and I. Hlavaty: ‘Effect of post-welding heat treatment on secondary hardening of welded joints of Cr – Mo – V steel’, Met. Sci. Heat Treat., 2011, 53, (7–8), 374–378. doi: 10.1007/s11041-011-9401-3
  • J. Adamiec and A. Hernas: ‘Experiences in welding of membrane panels made of 7CrMoVTiB 10-10 (T24) steel’, Proceedings of the ‘Trends in the Development of Machinery of Associated Technology’, Mediterranean Cruise, 2010, 57–60.
  • P. Mohyla and J. Koukal: ‘Contribution to research of weldability of modern low-alloy creep resistant steels’, Acta Metall. Slovaca, 2003, 9, (3), 210–216.
  • J. Rantala, P. Auerkari, J. Salonen, S. Holmstrom, P. Nevasmaa and J. Hakkila: ‘Creep performance of welded pipe material made of 7CrMoVTiB10-10 (T/P24) steel’, Proceedings of the 9th Liege Conference: ‘Materials for Advanced Power Engineering’, 2010, 223–230.
  • F. R. Larson and J. Miller: ‘A time-temperature relationship for rupture and creep stresses’, Trans. ASME, 1952, 74, 765–775.
  • K. Kimura: ‘Review of allowable stress and new guideline of long-term creep strength assessment for high Cr ferritic creep resistant steels’, Mater. High Temp., 2008, 25, (3), 121–129. doi: 10.3184/096034008X354864
  • K. Kimura and Y. Takahashi: ‘Evaluation of long-term creep strength of ASME Grades 91, 92 and 122 type steels’, ‘ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference’, Paper PVP2012-78323, 309–316.
  • S. R. Holdsworth, M. Askins, A. Baker, E. Gariboldi, S. Holmstrom, A. Klenk, M. Ringel, G. Merckling, R. Sandström, M. Schwienheer and S. Spigarelli: ‘Factors influencing creep model equation selection’, Proceedings ECCC Conference on ‘Creep & Fracture in High Temperature Components – Design & Life Assessment Issues’, London, 12/14-Sept-2005, 380–393.
  • J. A. Siefert, B. M. Leister and J. N. DuPont: ‘Considerations in the development of CCT diagrams for complex ferritic systems’, accepted for publication in Materials Science and Technology, June, 2015.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.