Cementite

References

• Müller FCG. Untersuchungen über den deutschen Besssemerprocess. Zeitschrift des Vereines deutscher Ingenieure. 1978;22:385–404.
   Google Scholar
• Abel F. Final report on experiments bearing upon the question of the condition in which carbon exists in steel. Proc Inst Mech Eng. 1885;36:30–57.
   Google Scholar
• Osmond F, Werth J. Theorie cellulaire des propriétés de l'acier. Annales des Mines. 1885;8:5–84.
   Google Scholar
• Osmond F, Werth J. Structure cellulaire de l'acier foundu. Comptes Rendus. 1885;100:450–452.
   Google Scholar
• Jull AJT, Davis PR, Eglinton G, et al. Simulation of lunar processes: II. Redistribution of carbon in the lunar regolith during meteorite impact. In: Sixth Lunar Science Conference. Houston (TX): Lunar and Planetary Institute; 1975. p. 457–459.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang J, Schneider A, Inden G. Cementite decomposition and coke gasification in He and H2–He gas mixtures. Corros Sci. 2004;46:667–679.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lei X, Wang W, Ye Z, et al. High saturation magnetization of Fe3C nanoparticles synthesized by a simple route. Dyes Pigments. 2017;139:448–452.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ringwood AE. Cohenite as a pressure indicator in iron meteorites. Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 1960;20:155–158.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipschutz ME, Anders E. Cohenite as a pressure indicator in iron meteorites? Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 1964;28:699–711.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharp WE. Pyrrhotite: a common inclusion in South African diamonds. Nature. 1966;211:402–403.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NPL. MTDATA. Software. Teddington: National Physical Laboratory; 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Lipson H, Petch NJ. The crystal structure of cementite Fe3C. J Iron Steel Inst. 1940;142:95P–103P.
   Google Scholar
• Lyashchenko BG, Sorokin LM. Determination of the position of carbon in cementite by the neutron diffraction method. Sov Phys Crystallogr. 1963;8:300–304.
   Google Scholar
• Petch NJ. Interpretation of the crystal structure of cementite. J Iron Steel Inst. 1944;149:143–150.
   Google Scholar
• Kayser FX, Sumitomo Y. On the composition of cementite in equilibrium with ferrite at room temperature. J Phase Equilib. 1997;18:458–464.
   Google Scholar
• Battezzati L, Baricco M, Curiotto S. Non-stoichiometric cementite by rapid solidification of cast iron. Acta Mater. 2005;53:1849–1856.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leineweber A, Shang SL, Liu ZK. C-vacancy concentration in cementite, Fe3C1−z, in equilibrium with α-Fe[C] and γ-Fe[C]. Acta Mater. 2015;86:374–384.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Göhring H, Leineweber A, Mittemeijer EJ. A thermodynamic model for non-stoichiometric cementite; the Fe–C phase diagram. CALPHAD. 2016;52:38–46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okamoto T, Matsumoto H. Precipitation of ferrite from cementite. Metal Sci. 1975;9:8–12.
   Google Scholar
• Cottrell AH. A theory of cementite. Mater Sci Technol. 1993;9:277–280.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuckens W, Michel A. Variations in the stoichiometry of pure cementite. Comptes Rendus Acad Sci Paris. 1961;253:2358–2360.
   Google Scholar
• Walker D, Li J, Kalkan B, et al. Thermal, compositional and compressional demagnetization of cementite. Am Mineral. 2015;100:2610–2624.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choe HJ, Terai T, Fukuda T, et al. Easy axis of magnetization of Fe3C prepared by an electrolytic extraction method. J Magn Magn Mater. 2016;417:1–5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duman E, Acet M, Wassermann EF. Magnetic instabilities in Fe3C cementite particles observed with Fe K-Edge X-ray circular dichroism under pressure. Phys Rev Lett. 2005;94:075502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khmelevskyi S, Ruban AV, Mohn P. Electronic structure analysis of the pressure induced metamagnetic transition and magnetovolume anomaly in Fe3C – cementite. J Phys Condens Matter. 2005;17:7345–7352.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitaguchi HS, Lozano-Perez S, Moody MP. Quantitative analysis of carbon in cementite using pulsed laser atom probe. Ultramicroscopy. 2014;147:51–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong MH, Reynolds WT Jr., Tarui T, et al. Atom probe and transmission electron microscopy investigations of heavily drawn pearlitic steel wire. Metall Mater Trans A. 1999;30:717–727.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voronin VI, Berger IF, Gornostyrev YuN, et al. Composition of cementite in the dependence on the temperature. In situ neutron diffraction study and ab initio calculations. JETP Lett (English version). 2010;91:143–146.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhukov AA, Shalashov VA, Tomas VK, et al. Variation of the composition, structure, and hardness of cementite with quenching. Metal Sci Heat Treat. 1970;12:16–18.
   Google Scholar
• Zhukov AA, Polovinchuk VP, Osadchuk AYu, et al. Transformations in cementite in the zone of contact with ferrous phases. Metals Sci Heat Treat. 1992;34:723–725.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fasiska EJ, Jeffrey GA. On the cementite structure. Acta Crystallogr. 1965;19:463–471.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maratkanova AN, Surnin DV, Deev AN, et al. EEFLS study of the cementite local structure. J Synchrotron Rad. 2001;8:413–415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elsukov EP, Dorofeev GA, Ul'yanov AL, et al. On the problem of the cementite structure. Phys Metals Metall. 2006;102:76–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang C, Maloy SA, Srinivasan SG. A computational method to identify interstitial sites in complex materials. Scripta Mater. 2008;58:739–742.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawakami K, Matsumiya T. Ab-initio investigation of hydrogen trap state by cementite in bcc-Fe. ISIJ Int. 2013;53:709–713.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang C, Srinivasan SG, Caro A, et al. Structural, elastic, and electronic properties of Fe3C from first principles. J Appl Phys. 2008;103:043502.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang C, Shrinivasan SG. Unexpected strain-stiffening in crystalline solids. Nature. 2013;496:339–342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leineweber A. Anisotropic microstrain broadening in cementite, Fe3C, caused by thermal microstress: comparison between prediction and results from diffraction-line profile analysis. J Appl Crystallogr. 2012;45:944–949.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leineweber A. Thermal expansion anisotropy as source for microstrain broadening of polycrystalline cementite, Fe3C. J Appl Crystallogr. 2016;49:1632–1644.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inoue A, Ogura T, Muramatsu T. Burgers vectors of dislocations in cementite crystal. Scripta Metall. 1977;11:1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Alkorta J, Sevillano JG. Assessment of elastic anisotropy and incipient plasticity in Fe3C by nanoindentation. J Mater Res. 2012;27:45–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizuno M, Tanaka I, Adachi H. Effect of solute atoms on the chemical bonding of Fe3C (cementite). Philos Mag B. 1997;75:237–248.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inoue A, Ogura M, Masumoto K. Lattice defects and deformation / fracture behavior of cementite in steel. Bull Jpn Inst Metals. 1974;13:653–664.
   Google Scholar
• Gil-Sevillano J. Room temperature plastic deformation of pearlitic cementite. Mater Sci Eng. 1975;21:221–225.
   Google Scholar
• Karkina LE, Karkin IN, Kabanova IG, et al. Crystallographic analysis of slip transfer mechanisms across the ferrite/cementite interface in carbon steels with fine lamellar structure. J Appl Crystallogr. 2015;48:97–106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mussi A, Cordier P, Ghosh S, et al. Transmission electron microscopy of dislocations in cementite deformed at high pressure and high temperature. Philos Mag. 2016;96:1773–1789.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghaffarian H, Taheri AK, Kang K, et al. Molecular dynamics simulation study of the effect of temperature and grain size on the deformation behavior of polycrystalline cementite. Scripta Mater. 2015;95:23–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishiyama A, Kore'eda A, Katagiri S. Study of plane defects in the cementite by transmission electron microscopy. Trans JIM. 1964;5:115–121.
   Google Scholar
• Kar'kina LE, Kar'kin IN, Zubkova TA. Atomistic simulation of stacking faults in cementite: planes containing vector [100]. Phys Metals Metallogr. 2014;115:814–829.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamura Y, Mikami T, Nagakura S. In situ high temperature electron microscopic study of the formation and growth of cementite particles in the third stage of tempering. Trans Jpn Inst Metals. 1985;26:876–885.
   Google Scholar
• Garvik N, Carrez Ph, Cordier P. First-principles study of the ideal strength of Fe3C cementite. Mater Sci Eng A. 2013;572:25–29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nematollahi GhA, von Pezold J, Neugebauer J, et al. Thermodynamics of carbon solubility in ferrite and vacancy formation in cementite in strained pearlite. Acta Mater. 2013;61:1773–1784.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang C, Uberuaga BP, Srinivasan SG. Point defect thermodynamics and diffusion in Fe3C: a first principles study. Acta Mater. 2008;56:3236–3244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henriksson KOE. Cascades in model steels: the effect of cementite (Fe3C) and Cr23C6 particles on short-term crystal damage. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res B. 2015;352:36–38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henriksson KOE, Nordlund K. Irradiation cascades in cementite: 0.1–10 keV Fe recoils. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res B. 2012;277:136–139.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henriksson KO, Nordlund K. Mechanical and elastic changes in cementite Fe3C subjected to cumulative 1 keV Fe recoils. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res B. 2014;338:119–125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagakura S. Study of metallic carbides by electron diffraction part III. Iron carbides. J Phys Soc Japan. 1959;14:186–195.
   Google Scholar
• Jack KH. Results of further X-ray structural investigations of the iron-carbon and iron-nitrogen systems and of related interstitial alloys. Acta Crystallogr. 1950;3:392–394.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jack DH, Jack KH. Carbides and nitrides in steel. Mater Sci Eng. 1973;11:1–27.
   Google Scholar
• Liu Z, Li Z, Liu W. Calculation of the valence electron structures of alloying cementite and its biphase interface. Sci China Ser E. 2001;44:542–552.
   Google Scholar
• Lv ZQ, Zhang FC, Sun SH, et al. First-principles study on the mechanical, electronic and magnetic properties of Fe3C. Comput Mater Sci. 2008;44:690–694.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christoffersen R, Buseck PR. Epsilon carbide: a low temperature component of interplanetary dust particles. Science. 1983;222:1327–1329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trepcznśka Łent M. Directional solidification of Fe–Fe3C white eutectic alloy. Crystal Res Technol. 2017;52:1600359.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Umemoto M, liu ZG, Masuyama K, et al. Influence of alloy additions on production and properties of bulk cementite. Scripta Mater. 2001;45:391–397.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wologdine M. Note sur les propriétés magnétiques de quelques composés du fer. Comptes Rendus. 1909;148:776–777.
   Google Scholar
• Smith SWJ, White W, Barker SG. The magnetic transition temperature of cementite. Proc Phys Soc London. 1911;24:62–69.
   Google Scholar
• Honda K, Takagi H. On the magnetic transformation of cementite. Sci Rep Tohoku Imp Univ. 1915;4:161–167.
   Google Scholar
• Dick A, Körmann F, Hickel T, et al. Ab initio based determination of thermodynamic properties of cementite including vibronic, magnetic, and electronic excitations. Phys Rev B. 2011;84:125101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Häglund J, Grimvall G, Jarlberg T. Electronic structure, X-ray photoemission spectra, and transport properties of Fe3C (cementite). Phys Rev B. 1991;44:2914–2919.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arzhnikov AK, Dobysheva LV, Demangeat C. Structural peculiarities of cementite and their influence on magnetic characteristics. J Phys Condens Matter. 2007;19:196214.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang JH, Kim IG, Bhadeshia HKDH. Substitutional solution of silicon in cementite: a first-principles study. Comput Mater Sci. 2009;44:1319–1326.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang JH. Private communication to H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. First principles calculations. 2018 Jul.
   Google Scholar
• Lin JF, Struzhkin VV, Mao HK, et al. Magentic transition in compressed Fe3C from X-ray emission spectroscopy. Phys Rev B. 2004;70:212405.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reznik B, Kontny A, Uehara M, et al. Magnetic domains and magnetic stability of cohenite from the Morasko iron meteorite. J Magn Magn Mater. 2017;426:594–603.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamoto S, Terai T, Fukuda T, et al. Magnetocrystalline anisotropy of cementite pseudo single crystal fabricated under a rotating magnetic field. J Magn Magn Mater. 2018;451:1–4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keh AS, Johnson CA. Ferromagnetic domain structures in cementite. J Appl Phys. 1963;34:2670–2676.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillert M. The kinetics of the first stage of tempering. Acta Metall. 1959;7:653–658.
   Google Scholar
• Dobysheva LV. First-principles calculations for alloyed cementite (Fe–Ni)3C. Bull Russ Acad Sci. 2017;81:798–802.
   Google Scholar
• Ul'yanov AI, Chulkina AA, Volkov VA, et al. Structural state and magnetic properties of cementite alloyed with manganese. Phys Metals Metallogr. 2012;113:1134–1145.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medvedeva NI, Shein IR, Konyaeva MA, et al. Effect of chromium on the electronic structure and magnetic properties of cementite. Phys Metals Metallogr. 2008;105:568–573.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Appen J, Eck B, Dronskowski R. A density-functional stude of the phase diagram of cementite-type (Fe,Mn)3C at absolute zero temperature. J Comput Chem. 2010;31:2620–2627.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaeswurm B, Friemert K, G'ursoy M, et al. Direct measurement of the magnetocaloric effect in cementite. J Magn Magn Mater. 2016;410:105–108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ron M, Shechter H, Hirsch AA, et al. On the Mössbauer study of cementite. Phys Lett. 1966;20:481–483.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed RC, Root JH. Determination of the temperature dependence of the lattice parameters of cementite by neutron diffraction. Scripta Mater. 1997;38:95–99.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood IG, Vočadlo L, Knight KS Thermal expansion and crystal structure of cementite, Fe3C, between 4 and 600 K determined by time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction. J Appl Crystallogr. 2004;37:82–90.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litasov KD, Rashchenko SV, Shmakov AN, et al. Thermal expansion of iron carbides, Fe7C3 and Fe3C, at 297–911 K determined by in situ X-ray diffraction. J Alloys Comp. 2015;628:102–106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorai S, Ghosh PS, Bhattacharya C, et al. Ab-initio study of pressure evolution of structural, mechanical and magnetic properties of cementite (Fe3C) phase. In: AIP Conference Proceedings. vol. 1942. New York (NY): AIP Publishing; 2018. p. 030015.
   Google Scholar
• Inoue A, Ogura T, Masumoto T. Deformation and fracture behaviours of cementite. Trans JIM. 1976;17:663–672.
   Google Scholar
• Liyange LSI, Kim SG, Houze J, et al. Structural, elastic, and thermal properties of cementite (Fe3C) calculated using a modified embedded atom method. Phys Rev B. 2014;2014:094102.
   Google Scholar
• Ruda M, Farkas D, Garcia G. Atomistic simulations in the Fe–C system. Comput Mater Sci. 2009;45:550–560.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiou WC Jr., Carter EA. Structure and stability of Fe3C cementite surfaces from first principles. Surf Sci. 2003;530:88–100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Born M. On the stability of crystal lattices. I. Math Proc Cambridge Philos Soc. 1940;36:160–172.
   Google Scholar
• Patil SKR, Khare SV, Tuttle BR, et al. Mechanical stability of possible structures of PtN investigated using first-principles calculations. Phys Rev B. 2006;73:104118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang CX, Lv ZQ, Fu WT, et al. Electronic properties, magnetic properties and phase stability of alloyed cementite (Fe,M)3C (M=Co,Ni) from density-functional theory calculations. Solid State Sci. 2011;13:1658–1663.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikolussi M, Shang SL, Gressmann T, et al. Extreme elastic anisotropy of cementite, Fe3C: First-principles calculations and experimental evidence. Scripta Mater. 2008;59:814–817.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh G. A first-principles study of cementite (Fe3C) and its alloyed counterparts: elastic constants, elastic anisotropies, and isotropic elastic moduli. AIP Adv. 2015;5:087102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang L, Tu Y, Wang X, et al. Site preference of manganese in mn-alloyed cementite. Phys Status Solidi B. 2016;253:1623–1628.
   Google Scholar
• Mauger L, Herriman JE, Hellman O, et al. Phonons and elasticity of cementite through the Curie temperature. Phys Rev B. 2017;95:024308.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lv ZQ, Fu WT, Sun SH, et al. First-principles study on the electronic structure, magnetic properties and phase stability of alloyed cementite with Cr or Mn. J Magn Magn Mater. 2011;323:915–919.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dierkes H, Dronskowski R. High-resolution powder neutron diffraction on Mn3C. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 2014;640:3148–3152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiquet G, Badro J, Gregoryanz E, et al. Sound velocity in iron carbide (Fe3C) at high pressure: implications for the carbon content of the earth's inner core. Phys Earth Planet Inter. 2009;172:125–129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koo BW, Chang YJ, Hong SP, et al. Experimental measurement of Young's modulus from a single crystalline cementite. Scripta Mater. 2014;82:25–28.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sata N, Shen G, Rivers ML, et al. Pressure-volume equation of state of teh high-pressure B2 phase of NaCl. Phys Rev B. 2002;65:104114.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Mao HK, Fei Y, et al. Compression of Fe3C to 30 GPa at room temperature. Phys Chem Miner. 2002;29:166–169.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sata N, Hirose K, Shen G, et al. Compression of FeSi, Fe3C, Fe0.95O, and FeS under core pressures and implication for light element in the earth's core. J Geophys Res. 2010;115:B09204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birch F. Equation of state and thermodynamic parameters of NaCl to 300 kbar in the high-temperature domain. J Geophys Res. 1986;91:4949–4954.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litasov KD, Sharygin IS, Dorogokupets PI, et al. Thermal equation of state and thermodynamic properties of iron carbide Fe3C to 31 GPa and 1473 K. J Geophys Res. 2013;118:1–11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott HP, Williams Q, Knittle. E. Stability and equation of state of cementite to 73 GPa: implications for carbon in the earth's core. Geophys Res Lett. 2001;28:1875–1878.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panda KB, Ravi Chandran KS. First principles determination of elastic constants and chemical bonding of titanium boride (TiB) on the basis of density functional theory. Acta Mater. 2006;54:1641–1657.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li SJ, Ishihara M, Yumoto H, et al. Characterisation of cementite films prepared by electron-shower-assisted PVD method. Thin Solid Films. 1998;316:100–104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizubayashi H, Li SJ, Yumoto H, et al. Young's modulus of single phase cementite. Scripta Mater. 1999;40:773–777.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodd SP, Saunders GA, Cankurtaran M, et al. Ultrasonic study of the temperature and hydrostatic pressure dependences of the elastic properties of polycrystalline cementite (Fe3C). Phys Status Solidi A. 2003;198:272–281.
   Google Scholar
• Umemoto M, Liu ZG, Takaoka H, et al. Production of bulk cementite and its characterization. Metall Mater Trans A. 2001;32:2127–2131.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishigaki T. Determination of the density of cementite. Sci Rep Tohoku Imp Univ. 1927;16:295–302.
   Google Scholar
• Tsuzuki A, Sago S, Hirano S, et al. High temperature and pressure preparation and properties of iron carbides Fe7C3 and Fe3C. J Mater Sci. 1984;19:2513–2518.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaira D, Mishra BK, Sangal S. Magnetic properties of cementite powder produced by reaction milling. J Alloys Comp. 2009;474:396–400.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Joubori AA, Suryanarayana C. Synthesis of Fe–C alloys by mechanical alloying. In: Materials Science & Technology Conference and Exhibition 2014. Vol. 1. New York (NY): Curran Associates Inc; 2014. p. 509–516.
   Google Scholar
• Al-Joubori AA, Suryanarayana C. Synthesis and thermal stability of homogeneous nanostructured Fe3C (cementite). J Mater Sci. 2018;53:7877–7890.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalish D, Cohen M. Structural changes and strengthening in the strain tempering of martensite. Mater Sci Eng. 1970;6:156–166.
   Google Scholar
• Matteazzi P, Miani F, Le Caër G. Kinetics of cementite mechanosynthesis. Hyperfine Interact. 1991;68:173–176.
   Google Scholar
• Hofer LJE, Cohn EM. Synthesis of cementite. J Chem Phys. 1950;18:766–767.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herbstein FH, Smuts J. Comparison of X-ray and neutron-diffraction refinements of the structure of cementite Fe3C. Acta Crystallogr. 1964;17:1331–1332.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rokhmanov NYa, Sirenko AF, Bakharev SA. Thermal expansion of cementite in hypereutectoid iron-carbon alloy. Metal Sci Heat Treat. 1997;39:7–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grabke HJ, Müller-Lorenz EM, Schneider A. Carburization and metal dusting on iron. ISIJ Int. 2001;41:S1–S8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim DY, Heo YU, Sasaki Y. Cementite formation from magnetite under high pressure conditions. ISIJ Int. 2013;53:950–957.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramanujan RV. Magnetic particles for biomedical applications. In: Narayan R, editor. Biomedical materials. Boston (MA): Springer; 2009. Chapter 17. p. 477–491.
   Google Scholar
• Shultz MD, Calvin S, Gonzalez-Jiminez F, et al. Gold-coated cementite nanoparticles: an oxidation-resistant alternative to α-iron. Chem Mater. 2009;21:5594–5600.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galwey AK, Jamieson DM, Wheeler BR, et al. The oxidation of cementite. Corros Sci. 1974;14:527–532.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morjan I, Alexandrescu R, Scarisoreanu M, et al. Controlled manufacturing of nanoparticles by the laser pyrolysis: application to cementite iron carbide. Appl Surf Sci. 2009;255:9638–9642.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraupner A, Antonietti M, Palkovits R, et al. Mesoporous Fe3C as magnetic supports and as heterogeneous catalyst. J Mater Chem. 2010;20:6019–6022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shultz JF, Hall WK, Dubs TA, et al. Studies of the Fischer-Torpsch synthesis. XV. Cementite as a catalyst. J Am Chem Soc. 1956;78:282–285.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee MC, Simkovich G. Electrical conduction behaviour of cementite, Fe3C. Metall Trans A. 1987;18:485–486.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helsing J, Grimvall G. Thermal conductivity of cast iron: models and analysis of experiments. J Appl Phys. 1991;70:1198–1206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb WW, Foregeng WJ. Mechanical behavior of microcrystals. Acta Metall. 1958;6:462–469.
   Google Scholar
• Lee H, Speyer RF. Hardness and fracture toughness of pressureless-sintered boron carbide (B4C). J Am Ceram Soc. 2002;85:291–293.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kagawa A, Okamoto T. Hot hardness of cementite. J Mater Sci. 1983;18:225–230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drapkin BM, Kimstach GM, Moldtsova TD. Hardness of cementite. Metal Sci Heat Treat. 1996;38:408–409.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng BC, Huang ZF, Xing JD, et al. Effects of chromium addition on preparation and properties of bulk cementite. J Iron Steel Res. 2016;23:842–850.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taran YuN, Novik VI. Microhardness of cementite. Metal Sci Heat Treat. 1971;13:818–820.
   Google Scholar
• Fernández-Vicente A, Pellizzari M, Arias JL. Feasibility of laser surface treatment of pearlitic and bainitic ductile irons for hot rolls. J Mater Proc Technol. 2012;212:989–1002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coronado JJ, Rodriguez SA. Cementite characterization with chromium and vanadium contents using indentation technique. J Iron Steel Res Int. 2015;22:366–370.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zubakova TA, Yakovleva IL, Kar'kina LE, et al. Study of the hardness and elastic modulus of cementite in the structure of granular pearlite by the nano-indentation method. Metal Sci Heat Treat. 2014;56:330–335.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monma K, Maruta R, Yamamoto T, et al. Effect of particle sizes of carbides and amounts of undissolved carbide on the fatigue life of bearing steel. J Jpn Inst Metals. 1968;32:1198–1204.
   Google Scholar
• Bhadeshia HKDH. Steels for bearings. Prog Mater Sci. 2012;57:268–435.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhadeshia. HKDH. Steels for rails. In: Encyclopedia of materials science. Oxford: Pergamon Press, Elsevier Science; 2007. p. 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Sasaki T, Yakou T, Umemoto M, et al. Two-body abrasive wear property of cementite. Wear. 2006;260:1090–1095.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Umemoto M, Todaka Y, Takahashi T, et al. High temperature deformation behavior of bulk cementite produced by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. Mater Sci Eng A. 2004;375–377:894–898.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimura S. A study on the structure of cementite. Proc Imp Acad. 1930;6:269–271.
   Google Scholar
• Zheng B, Huang Z, Xing J, et al. Two-body abrasion resistance of cementite containing different chromium concentrations. J Mater Res. 2016;31:655–662.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng B, Huang Z, Xing J, et al. Three-body abrasive wear behavior of cementite with different chromium concentrations. Tribology Lett. 2016;61:1–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Chen X, Ding H, et al. Synthesis and magnetic properties of Fe3C doped with Mn or Ni for applications as adsorbents. Dyes Pigments. 2017;144:76–79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Hickel T, Rogal J, et al. Structural transformations among austenite, ferrite and cementite in Fe–C alloys: a unified theory based on ab initio simulations. Acta Mater. 2015;99:281–289.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shigematsu T. Invar properties of cementite (Fe1−xMex)3C, Me=Cr, Mn, Ni. J Phys Soc Jpn. 1975;39:915–920.
   Google Scholar
• Ulyanov AI, Chulkina AA, Volkov VA, et al. Structure and magnetic properties of mechanically synthesized (Fe1−xNix)75C25 nanocomposites. Phys Metals Metallogr. 2017;118:691–699.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Yan M. Effect of cobalt and nickel on the structural stability for Fe3C: first-principles calculations. Int J Mod Phys B. 2009;23:1135–1140.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grabke HJ, Krajak R, Nava Paz JC. On the mechanism of catastrophic carburization: ‘metal dusting’. Corros Sci. 1993;35:1141–1150.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konyaeva MA, Medvedeva NI. Electronic structure, magnetic properties and stability of binary and ternary (Fe,Cr)3C and (Fe,Cr)7C3. Phys Solid State. 2009;51:2084–2089.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou CT, Xiao B, Feng J, et al. First principles study on the elastic properties and electronic structures of (Fe, Cr)3C. Comput Mater Sci. 2009;45:986–992.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shein IR, Medvedeva NI, Ivanovskii AL. Electronic structure and magnetic properties of Fe3C with 3d and 4d impurities. Phys Status Solidi B. 2007;244:1971–1981.
   Google Scholar
• Bhadeshia HKDH, Honeycombe RWK. Steels: microstructure and properties. 4th ed. London: Elsevier; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Kozeschnik E, Sonderegger B, Holzer I, et al. Computer simulation of the precipitate evolution during industrial heat treatment of complex alloys. Mater Sci Forum. 2007;539–543:2431–2436.
   Google Scholar
• Allten AG, Payson P. The effect of silicon on the tempering of martensite. Trans ASM. 1953;45:498–532.
   Google Scholar
• Owen WS. The effect of silicon on the kinetics of tempering. Trans ASM. 1954;46:812–829.
   Google Scholar
• Keh AS. Imperfections and plastic deformation of cementite in steel. Acta Metall. 1963;11:1101–1103.
   Google Scholar
• Gordine J, Codd I. The influence of Si up to 1.5 wt% on the tempering of a spring steel. J Iron Steel Inst. 1969;207:461–467.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickering FB. The development of ultrahigh strength steels – a historical case study. In Phase transformations. Vol. 2. London: Institution of Metallurgists; 1979. p. VI–7.
   Google Scholar
• Matas SJ, Hehemann RF. The structure of bainite in hypoeutectoid steels. TMS-AIME. 1961;221:179–185.
   Google Scholar
• Entin R. The elementary reactions in the austenite – pearlite, bainite transformations. In: Zackay VF, Aaronson HI, editors. Decomposition of austenite by diffusional processes. New York (NY): Interscience; 1962. p. 295–211.
   Google Scholar
• Deliry J. Noveau carbure de fer transformation bainitique dans les aciers au carbone silicium. Mem Sci Rev Metall. 1965;62:527–550.
   Google Scholar
• Pomey J. Revenu de la martensite et reaction bainitique inferieure: Cas des aciers au carbone-silicium et des aciers au carbone. Mem Sci Rev Metall. 1966;63:507–532.
   Google Scholar
• Bhadeshia HKDH. Bainite in steels: theory and practice. 3rd ed. Leeds: Maney Publishing; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Hallstedt B, Djurovic D, von Appen J, et al. Thermodynamic properties of cementite (Fe3C). CALPHAD. 2010;34:129–133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholson ME. Solubility of boron in Fe3C and variation of saturation magnetization, Curie temperature, and lattice parameter of fe3(c,b) with composition cementite. J Metals. 1957;9:1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Koifman IS, Egorshina TV, Laskova GV. X-ray analysis of borocementite. Metal Sci Heat Treat. 1969;11:141–142.
   Google Scholar
• He BL, Ping DH, Geng WT. First-principles study of helium trapping in cementite Fe3C. J Nucl Mater. 2014;444:368–372.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawakami K, Matsumiya T. Ab initio investigation of hydrogen trap state by cementite in bcc-Fe. ISIJ Int. 2013;53:709–713.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kagawa A, Okamoto T. Lattice parameters of cementite in Fe–C–X (X=Cr, Mn, Mo, and Ni) alloys. Trans JIM. 1979;20:659–666.
   Google Scholar
• Zelenty J, Smith GDW, Wilford K, et al. Secondary precipitation within the cementite phase of reactor pressure vessel steels. Scripta Mater. 2016;115:118–122.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wasynczuk JA, Fisher RM, Thomas G. Effects of copper on proeutectoid cementite precipitation. Metall Trans A. 1986;17:2163–2173.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fourlaris G, Baker AJ, Papadimitriou GD. Microscopic characterisation of ε-Cu interphase precipitation in hypereutectoid Fe–C–Cu alloys. Acta Metall Mater. 1995;43:2589–2604.
   Google Scholar
• Khalid FA, Edmonds DV. A transmission electron microscopy study of copper precipitation in the cementite phase of hypereutectoid alloy steels. Metall Trans A. 1993;24:781–793.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yap CP, Liu CL. The free energy, entropy and heat of formation of iron carbide (Fe3C). Trans Faraday Soc. 1934;28:788–797.
   Google Scholar
• Darken LS, Gurry RW. Free energy of formation of cementite and the solubility of cementite in austenite. Trans AIME (J Metals). 1951;3:1015–1018.
   Google Scholar
• Chipman J. Thermodynamics and phase diagram of the Fe–C system. Metall Trans. 1972;3:55–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grabke HJ, Müller-Lorenz EM. Effect of sulfur on the stability of cementite. Steel Res Int. 1995;66:254–258.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okamoto A. Graphite formation in high-purity cold-rolled carbon steels. Metall Trans A. 1989;20:1917–1925.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miki T, Ishii K. Decomposition behaviour of Fe3C under Ar atmosphere. ISIJ Int. 2014;54:29–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pellegrino L, Daghetta M, Pelosato R, et al. Searching for rate determining step in CNT formation:the role of cementite. Chem Eng Trans. 2013;32:739–744.
   Google Scholar
• Longbottom RJ, Ostrovski O, Zhang J, et al. Stability of cementite formed from hematite and titanomagnetite ore. Metall Mater Trans B. 2007;38:175–184.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhadeshia HKDH. 2018. Equilibrium calculations for the Fe–Ti–C system allowing ferrite and cementite to co-exist. http://www.phase-trans.msm.cam.ac.uk/mtdataarchive/FeTiC.txt.
   Google Scholar
• Fang CM, Sluiter MHF, van Huis MA, et al. Origin of predominance of cementite among iron carbides in steel at elevated temperatures. Phys Rev Lett. 2010;105:055503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fillon A, Sauvage X, Lawrence B, et al. On the direct nucleation and growth of ferrite and cementite without austenite. Scripta Mater. 2015;95:35–38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horvath J, Ott J, Pfahler K, et al. Tracer diffusion in amorphous alloys. Mater Sci Eng. 1988;97:409–413.
   Google Scholar
• Buffington FS, Hirano K, Cohen M. Self diffusion in iron. Acta Metall. 1961;9:434–439.
   Google Scholar
• Borg RJ, Birchenall CE. Self diffusion in alpha-iron. Trans AIME. 1960;218:980–984.
   Google Scholar
• Ermakova MA, Ermakov DYu, Chuvilin AL, et al. Decomposition of methane over iron catalysts at the range of moderate temperatures: the influence of structure of the catalytic systems and the reaction conditions on the yield of carbon and morphology of carbon filaments. J Catal. 2001;201:183–197.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jourdain V, Bichara C. Current understanding of the growth of carbon nanotubes in catalytic chemical vapour deposition. Carbon. 2013;58:2–39.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dupuis AC. The catalyst in the CCVD of carbon nanotubes – a review. Prog Mater Sci. 2005;50:929–961.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaper AK, Hou H, Greiner A, et al. The role of iron carbide in multiwalled carbon nanotube growth. J Catal. 2004;222:250–254.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshida H, Takeda S, Uchiyama T, et al. Atomic-scale in-situ observation of carbon nanotube growth from solid state iron carbide nanoparticles. Nano Lett. 2008;8:2082–2086.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tessonnier JP, Su DS. Recent progress on the growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes: a review. ChemSusChem. 2011;4:824–847.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez-Cabero M, Taboada JB, Guerrero-Ruiz A, et al. The role of alpha-iron and cementite phases in the growing mechanism of carbon nanotubes: a57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy study. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2006;8:1230–1235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basaev AS, Bokhonov BB, Demidenko OF, et al. Synthesis and properties of magnetically functionalized carbon nanotubes. Nanotechnol Russ. 2008;3:184–190.
   Google Scholar
• Umemoto M, Todaka Y, Tsuchiya K. Mechanical properties of cementite and fabrication of artificial pearlite. Mater Sci Forum. 2003;426–432:859–864.
   Google Scholar
• Tanaka K, Saito T. Phase equilibria in TiB2-reinforced high modulus steel. J Phase Equilib. 1999;20:207–214.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohmori Y. Precipitation of iron carbides in lower bainite and tempered martensite in Fe–C alloys. In: International Conference on Martensitic Transformations ICOMAT '86. Tokyo: Japan Institute of Metals; 1986. p. 5878–594.
   Google Scholar