Evaluation of the occurrence of mechanical constriction of the Arc in A-TIG welding of austenitic stainless steels

References

• Jarvis BL. Gas tungsten arc welding. In: Ahmed N. New developments in advanced welding. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing; 2005. p. 308.
   Google Scholar
• Lohse M, Füssel U, Schuster H, et al. Keyhole welding with CF-TIG (cathode focussed GTA). Weld World. 2013;57(5):735–741. doi:10.1007/s40194-013-0074-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howse DS, Lucas W. An investigation into arc constriction by active fluxes for TIG (A-TIG) welding. Sci Technol Weld Joining. 2000;5(3):189–193. doi:10.1179/136217100101538191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azevedo AGL, Ferraresi VA, Farias JP. Welding a ferritic stainless steel by the A-TIG process. Soldagem Insp. 2009;14(1):2–9.10.1590/S0104-92242009000100002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang L, Shen J, Xu N. Effects of TiO2 coating on the microstructures and mechanical properties of tungsten inert gas welded AZ31 magnesium alloy joints. Mater Sci Eng A. 2011;528(24):7276–7284. doi:10.1016/j.msea.2011.06.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovalenko DV, Pavlyak DA, Sudnik VA, et al. Adequacy of thermohydrodynamic model of through penetration in TIG and A-TIG welding of Nimonic-75 Nickel alloy. Paton Weld J. 2010;10:2–6.
   Google Scholar
• Sándor T. Comparison of penetration profiles of different TIG process variations. In: Proceedings of the Stainless Steel World Conference 2009; 2009 Nov 12; Maastricht, The Netherlands. p. 16. Article P9047.
   Google Scholar
• Sándor T, Mekler C, Dobránszky J, et al. An improved theoretical model for A-TIG welding based on surface phase transition and reversed marangoni flow. Metall Mater Trans A. 2013;44(1):351–361. doi:10.1007/s11661-012-1367-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heiple CR, Roper JR. Mechanism for minor element effect on GTA fusion zone geometry. Weld J. 1982;61(4):97s–102s.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Q, WANG X, ZOU Z, et al. Effect of activating flux on arc shape and arc voltage in tungsten inert gas welding. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China. 2007;17(3):486–490. doi:10.1016/S1003-6326(07)60120-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Modenesi PJ. The chemistry of formation of the bead in TIG welding. Soldagem Insp. 2013;18(3):287–300. doi:10.1590/S0104-92242013000300011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu L, Zhang Z, Song G, et al. Effect of cadmium chloride flux in active flux TIG welding of magnesium alloys. Mater Trans. 2006;47(2):446–449. doi:10.2320/matertrans.47.446.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rückert G, Huneau B, Marya S. Optimizing the design of silica coating for productivity gains during the TIG welding of 304L stainless steel. Mater Des. 2007;28(9):2387–2393. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2006.09.021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leconte S, Paillard P, Chapelle P, et al. Effects of flux containing fluorides on TIG welding process. Sci Technol Weld Joining. 2007;12(2):120–126. doi:10.1179/174329307X159810.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marya M, Edwards GR. Chloride contributions in flux-assisted GTA welding of magnesium alloys. Weld J. 2002;81(12):291s–298s.
   Google Scholar
• Richetti A. Analysis and empirical modelling of the “keyhole” plasma welding process in stainless steel [doctorate thesis]. Uberlândia: Federal University of Uberlândia; 2003. p. 292.
   Google Scholar
• Sire S, Marya S. On the selective silica application to improve welding performance of the tungsten arc process for a plain carbon steel and for aluminium. Comptes Rendus Mécanique. 2002;330(2):83–89. doi:10.1016/S1631-0721(02)01431-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Middel W, Den Ouden G. The effect of additives on arc characteristics in GTA welding. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference in Welding Research; 1998 Jun 1–5; Pine Mountain, Georgia, USA. Materials Park: ASM International; 1998. p. 394–399.
   Google Scholar
• Modenesi PJ, Apolinário ER, Pereira IM. TIG welding with single-component fluxes. J Mater Process Technol. 2000;99(1–3):260–265. doi:10.1016/S0924-0136(99)00435-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skvortsov EA. Role of electronegative elements in contraction of the arc discharge. Weld Int. 1998;12(6):471–475. doi:10.1080/09507119809448517.
   Google Scholar
• Lowke JJ, Tanaka M, Ushio M. Mechanisms giving increased weld depth due to a flux. Journal of Physics. D. Appl Phys. 2005;38(18):3438–3445. doi:10.1088/0022-3727/38/18/018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tseng KH, Lin PY. UMS S31603 stainless steel tungsten inert gas welds made with microparticle and nanoparticle oxides. Materials. 2014;7(6):4755–4772. doi:10.3390/ma7064755.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vilarinho LO, Blackburn J, Raghunathan S, et al. Spectroscopic measurement during a-tig welding of austenitic stainless steel. In: Proceedings of 20th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering; 2009; Gramado, RS, Brazil. Rio de Janeiro: ABCM; 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Tseng KH, Chen KL. Comparisons between TiO2 and SiO2 flux assisted TIG welding processes. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2012;12(8):6359–6367. PMid:22962749. doi:10.1166/jnn.2012.6419.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmadi E, Ebrahimi AR. Welding of 316L austenitic stainless steel with activated tungsten inert gas process. J Mater Eng Perform. 2015;24(2):1065–1071. doi:10.1007/s11665-014-1336-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tseng KH, Hsu CY. Performance of activated TIG process in austenitic stainless steel welds. J Mater Process Technol. 2010;211:503s–512s.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Modenesi PJ, Colen P. No, Apolinário ER, et al. Effect of flux density and of the presence of additives in the ATIG welding of austenitic stainless steel. Soldagem Insp. 2013;18(2):116–126.
   Google Scholar
• Lu S, Fujii H, Sugiyama H, et al. Weld penetration and marangoni convection with oxide fluxes in GTA welding. Mater Trans. 2002;43(11):2926–2931. doi:10.2320/matertrans.43.2926.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu S, Fujii H, Sugiyama H, et al. Mechanism and optimization of oxide fluxes for deep penetration in gas tungsten arc welding. Metall Mater Trans A. 2003;34(9):1901–1907. doi:10.1007/s11661-003-0155-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colen P. No. effect of the concentration of the flux in the ATIG welding of austenitic stainless steel [ master’s dissertation]. Belo Horizonte: Minas Gerais Federal University; 2012. p. 77
   Google Scholar
• Berthier A, Paillard P, Carin M, et al. TIG and A-TIG welding experimental investigations and comparison to simulation Part 1: identification of Marangoni effect. Sci Technol Weld Joining. 2012;17(8):609–615. doi:10.1179/1362171812Y.0000000024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar