References
- Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Control Trial. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc 2002; 288: 321–333
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Executive summary. Obstet Gynecol 2004; 104: 1S–131S
- International Menopause Society. Guidelines for the hormone treatment of women in the menopausal transition and beyond: position statement by the Executive Committee of the International Menopause Society. Maturitas 2004; 48: 27–31
- Gambacciani M, Spielmann D, Genazzani A R. Efficacy on climacteric symptoms of a continuous combined regimen of 1 mg 17β-estradiol and trimegestone versus two regimens containing 1 or 2 mg 17β-estradiol and norethisterone acetate. Gynecol Endocrinol 2005; 21: 65–73
- Bouchard P, De Cicco-Nardone F, Spielmann D, Garcea N. Bleeding profile and endometrial safety of continuous combined regimens of 1 mg 17β-estradiol/trimegestone versus 1 or 2 mg 17β-estradiol/norethisterone in postmenopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol 2005; 21: 142–148
- Koninckx P R, Spielmann D. A comparative 2-year study of the effects of sequential regimens of 1 mg 17β-estradiol and trimegestone with a regimen containing estradiol valerate and norethisterone on the bleeding profile and endometrial safety in postmenopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol 2005; 21: 82–89
- Pornel B, Spielmann D. A study of the control of climacteric symptoms in postmenopausal women following sequential regimens of 1 mg 17β-estradiol and trimegestone compared with a regimen containing 1 mg estradiol valerate and norethisterone over a 2-year period. Gynecol Endocrinol 2005; 21: 74–81
- Philibert D, Bouchoux F, Degryse M, Lecaque D, Petit F, Gaillard M. The pharmacological profile of a novel norpregnane progestin (trimegestone). Gynecol Endocrinol 1999; 13: 316–326
- Sitruk-Ware R. Progestogens in hormonal replacement therapy: new molecules, risks, and benefits. Menopause 2002; 9: 6–15
- Winneker R C, Bitran D, Zhang Z. The preclinical biology of a new potent and selective progestin: trimegestone. Steroids 2003; 68: 915–920
- Zhang Z, Lundeen S G, Zhu Y, Carver J M, Winneker R C. In vitro characterization of trimegestone: a new potent and selective progestin. Steroids 2000; 65: 637–643
- Muhn P, Krattenmacher R, Beier S, Elger W, Schillinger E. Drospirenone: a novel progestogen with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity. Pharmacological characterization in animal models. Contraception 1995; 51: 99–110
- Elger W, Beier S, Pollow K, Garfield R, Shi S Q, Hillisch A. Conception and pharmacodynamic profile of drospirenone. Steroids 2003; 68: 891–905
- Sitruk-Ware R. Pharmacological profile of progestins. Maturitas 2004; 47: 277–283
- Lundeen S G, Zhang Z, Zhu Y, Carver J M, Winneker R C. Rat uterine complement C3 expression as a model for progesterone receptor modulators: characterization of the new progestin trimegestone. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2001; 78: 137–143
- McPhail M K. The assay of progestin. J Physiol 1934; 83: 145–156
- Zarrow M X, Yochim J M. The progestogens. Experimental endocrinology, M X Zarrow, J M Yochim, J L McCarthy, R C Sanborn. Academic Press, New York 1964; 65–108
- Lepescheux L, Secchi J, Gaillard-Kelly M, Miller P. Effects of 17β-estradiol and trimegestone alone, and in combination, on the bone and uterus of ovariectomized rats. Gynecol Endocrinol 2001; 15: 312–320
- Bouali Y, Gaillard-Kelly M, Marie P J. Effect of trimegestone alone or in combination with estradiol on bone mass and bone turnover in an adult rat model of osteopenia. Gynecol Endocrinol 2001; 15: 48–55
- Bitran D, Shiekh M, McLeod M. Anxiolytic effect of progesterone is mediated by the neurosteroid allopregnanolone at brain GABAA receptors. J Neuroendocrinol 1995; 7: 171–177
- Bitran D, Shiekh M, Dowd J A, Dugan M M, Renda P. Corticosterone is permissive to the anxiolytic effect that results from the blockade of hippocampal mineralocorticoid receptors. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1998; 60: 879–887
- Root E, Maul J, Fitzgerald S, et al. Psychotropic effects of pregnane steroids in animal models of anxiety. Soc Neurosci 2000; 26: 2038
- Sultan E, Perret C, Verdier P, Bonnat C, Pretorius S, Scholtz H, Mogilnicka E, Lenfant B. Pharmacokinetics of estradiol and trimegestone in postmenopausal women after multiple administration of 2 mg estradiol once a day for 14 days followed by 2 mg estradiol/0.5 mg trimegestone once a day for 14 days. Climacteric 1999; 2(Suppl. 2)221
- Al-Azzawi F, Wahab M, Thompson J, Pornel B, Hirvonen E, Ylikorkala O, van der Mooren M J, Dillon J, Magaril C. Acceptability and patterns of endometrial bleeding in estradiol-based HRT regimens: a comparative study of cyclical sequential combinations of trimegestone or norethisterone acetate. Climacteric 2001; 4: 343–354
- Meuwissen J H, Beijers-De Bie L, Vihtamaki T, Tuimala R, Siseles N, Magaril C, The H S, Houben P W, Murga M, Spielmann D, et al. A 1-year comparison of the efficacy and clinical tolerance in postmenopausal women of two hormone replacement therapies containing estradiol in combination with either norgestrel or trimegestone. Gynecol Endocrinol 2001; 15: 349–358
- Koninckx P, Spielmann D, Trimegestone 302 Study Group. A comparative 2-year study of the effects of sequential regimens of 1 mg 17β-estradiol and trimegestone with a regimen containing estradiol valerate and norethisterone upon the bleeding profile and endometrial safety in postmenopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol 2005; 21: 82–89
- Hunter M. The women's health questionnaire: a measure of mid-aged women's perceptions of their emotional and physical health. Psychol Health 1992; 7: 45–54
- Warming L, Ravn P, Spielmann D, Delmas P, Christiansen C. Trimegestone in a low-dose, continuous-combined hormone therapy regimen prevents bone loss in osteopenic postmenopausal women. Menopause 2004; 11: 337–342
- Marsden J. Hormone-replacement therapy and breast cancer. Lancet Oncol 2002; 3: 303–311
- Bush T L, Whiteman M, Flaws J. Hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer: a qualitative review. Obstet Gynecol 2001; 98: 498–508
- Manson J E, Hsia J, Johnson K C, Rossouw J E, Assaf A R, Lasser N L, Trevisan M, Black H R, Heckbert S R, Detrano R, et al. Estrogen plus progestin and the risk of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 523–534
- Grodstein F, Manson J E, Stampfer M J. Hormone therapy and coronary heart disease: the role of time since menopause and age at hormone initiation. J Womens Health 2006; 15: 35–44