Circulating levels of immunoreactive β-endorphin in polycystic ovary syndrome

References

• Stein I F ,Leventhal M L. Amenorrhea associated with bilateral polycystic ovaries. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1935; 29: 181–91
   Google Scholar
• Ehrmann D ,Barnes R ,Rosenfield R L. Hyper-androgenism ,hirsutism and the polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocrinology ,Vol. 3 ,LJ Degroot. W.B. Saunders Co. ,Philadelphia 1995; 2093–112
   Google Scholar
• Cheung A P ,Lu JKH ,Chang R J. Hypothalamic-pituitary dynamics in polycystic ovary syndrome. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ,RJ Chang. Springer-Verlag Inc. ,Boston ,New York 1996; 254–64
   Google Scholar
• Wardlaw J L ,Wehremberg W B ,Ferin M ,et al. High levels of β-endorphin in hypophyseal portal blood. Endocrinology 1980; 106: 1323–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yen SSC ,Quigley M E ,Reid R L ,et al. Neuro-endocrinology of opioid peptides and their role in the control of gonadotropin and prolactin secretion. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 152: 485–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Genazzani A R ,Petraglia F. Opioid control of luteinizing hormone secretion in humans. J Steroid Biochem 1989; 33: 751–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Facchinetti F ,Petraglia F ,Genazzani A R. Localization and expression of the three opioid systems. Semin Reprod Endocrinol 1987; 5: 103–13
   Google Scholar
• Ferin M ,Van Vugt D ,Wardlaw S. The hypothalamic control of the menstrual cycle and the role of endogenous opioid peptides. Recent Prog Horm Res 1984; 40: 441–85
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chan JSD ,Lu C L ,Seidah N G ,Chretien M. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF): effects on the release of proopiomelanocortin-related peptides by human anterior pituitary cells in vitro. Endocrinology 1982; 111: 1388–94
   Google Scholar
• Aleem F A ,Omar R A ,Eltabbakh G H. Inmuno-reactive β-endorphin in human ovaries. Fertil Steril 1986; 45: 507–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabriel S M ,Simpkins J W ,Kalra S P. Modulation of endogenous opioid influence on luteinizing hormone secretion of progesterone and estrogen. Endocrinology 1983; 113: 1806–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid R L ,Quigley M E ,Yen SSC. The disappearance of opioidergic regulation of gonadotropin secretion in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1983; 57: 1107–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wardlaw J L ,Wehrenberg W B ,Ferin M ,et al. Effect of sex steroids on β-endorphin in hypophyseal portal blood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1982; 55: 877–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petraglia F ,Comitini G ,D'Ambrogio G ,et al. Short-term effects of ovariectomy: the opioid control of LH secretion in fertile ,climacteric and postmenopausal women. J Endocrinol Invest 1985; 8: 325–9
   Google Scholar
• Shoupe D ,Montz F J ,Lobo R S. The effect of estrogen and progestin on endogenous opioid activity in oophorectomized women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985; 60: 178–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petraglia F ,D'Ambrogio G ,Comitini G ,et al. Impairment of opioid control of luteinizing hormone secretion in menstrual disorders. Fertil Steril 1985; 43: 535–40
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orstead K M ,Hess D L ,Spies H G. Opiatergic inhibition of pulsatile luteinizing hormone release during the menstrual cycle of rhesus macaque. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1987; 184: 312–9
   Google Scholar
• Quigley M E ,Yen SSC. The role of endogenous opioid peptides on LH secretion during the menstrual cycle. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1980; 51: 179–81
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Allen L G ,Kalra S P. Evidence that the decrease in opioid tone may evoke preovulatory luteinizing hormone release in rat. Endocrinology 1986; 118: 2375–8
   Google Scholar
• Barnes R B ,Lobo R A. Central opioid activity in polycystic ovary syndrome with and without dopaminergic modulation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985; 61: 779–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laatikainen T ,Raisanen I ,Tulenheimo A ,et al. Plasma β-endorphin and the menstrual cycle. Fertil Steril 1985; 44: 206–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vrbicky K W ,Baumstark J S ,Wells I C ,et al. Evidence for the involvement of β-endorphin in the human menstrual cycle. Fertil Steril 1984; 38: 701–4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang LGH ,Chan SYW ,Tang GWK ,et al. Serum immunoreactive β-endorphin in the human ovulatory cycle. Int J Fertil 1987; 32: 149–51
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Choung C J ,Smith E R ,Tsang Y. β-endorphin levels during the human menstrual cycle. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1989; 68: 497–501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrer J ,Martinez-Guisasola J ,Diaz F ,et al. Plasma levels of β-endorphin during the menstrual cycle. Gynecol Endocrinol 1997; 11: 75–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petraglia F ,Di Meo G ,De Leo V ,et al. Plasma β-endorphin levels in anovulatory states: changes after the treatment for the induction of ovulation. Fertil Steril 1985; 45: 185–90
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comittini G ,Petraglia F ,Facchinetti F ,et al. Effect of oral contraceptives or dexamethasone on plasma β-endorphin during the menstrual cycle. Fertil Steril 1991; 51: 45–60
   Google Scholar
• Margules D L ,Moisset B ,Lewis M J ,et al. β-endorphin in association with overeating in genetically obese mice [ob/ob] and rats [La/La]. Science 1978; 202: 988–1001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Givens J R ,Wiedemann E ,Andersen R N ,et al. β-endorphin and β-lipotropin plasma levels in hirsute women: correlation with body weight. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1980; 50: 975–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aleem A F ,McIntosh T. Elevated plasma levels of β-endorphin in a group of women with polycystic ovarian disease. Fertil Steril 1984; 42: 686–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wortsman J ,Wehrenberg W B ,Gavin J R ,et al. Elevated levels of plasma β-endorphin and γ3-melanocyte stimulating hormone in the polycystic ovary syndrome. Obstet Gynecol 1984; 63: 630–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid R L ,Hoff J D ,Yen SSC ,et al. Effects of exogenous β-endorphin on pituitary hormone secretion in normal human subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1981; 52: 1179–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blankstein J ,Reyes F I ,Winter S D ,et al. Endorphins and the regulation of human menstrual cycle. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1981; 14: 287–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferin M. The role of endogenous opioid peptides in the regulation of the menstrual cycle. J Steroid Biochem 1989; 33: 683–5
   Google Scholar
• Wehremberg W B ,Wardlaw J L ,Frantz A ,et al. β-endorphin in hypophyseal portal blood: variations throughout the menstrual cycle. Endocrinology 1981; 111: 879–81
   Google Scholar
• Rasmussen D D ,Lui J H ,Wolf P L ,et al. Endogenous opioid regulation of gonadotropin releasing hormone release from the fetal hypothalamus in vitro. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1983; 57: 881–4
   Google Scholar
• Yen SSC. The polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol 1980; 12: 177–207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lobo R A. The role of the adrenal in the polycystic ovary syndrome. Semin Reprod Endocrinol 1984; 2: 251–62
   Google Scholar
• Horvath T L ,Garcia Segura L M ,Naftolin F. Control of gonadotropin feedback: the possible role of estrogen-induced hypothalamic synaptic plasticity. Gynecol Endocrinol 1997; 11: 139–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burger C W ,Korsen T ,van Kessel H ,et al. Pulsatile luteinizing hormone patterns in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle ,polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) and non-PCOD secondary amenorrhea. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985; 61: 1126–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berga S L ,Yen SSC. Opioidergic regulation of LH pulsatility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol 1989; 30: 177–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lobo R A. The role of neurotransmitters and opioids in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1988; 17(4)667–83
   Google Scholar
• Carmina E ,Ditkoff E C ,Malizia G ,et al. Increased circulating levels of immunoreactive β-endorphin in polycystic ovary syndrome is not caused by increased pituitary secretion. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 167: 1819–24
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nappi C ,Petraglia F ,Cudemo V ,et al. Plasma β-endorphin levels in obese and non-obese patients with polycystic ovarian disease. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1989; 30: 151–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cumming D C ,Reid R L ,Quigley M E ,et al. Evidence for decreased endogenous dopamine and opioid inhibitory influences on LH secretion in polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1984; 20: 643–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar