Does eye contact increase counsellor-client rapport?

References

• Argyle , M. and Dean , J. 1965 . Eye contact, distance and affiliation . Sociometry , 28 : 289 – 304 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ellsworth , P. C. and Carlsmith , J. M. 1968 . Effects of eye contact and verbal content on affective response to a dyadic interaction . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 10 : 15 – 20 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuqua , D. R. , Newman , J. L. , Scott , T. B. and Gade , E. M. 1986 . Variability across sources of performance ratings: further evidence . Journal of Counseling Psychology , 3 : 353 – 356 .
   Google Scholar
• Horvath , A. O. and Greenberg , L. S. 1986 . “ The development of the working alliance inventory ” . In The Psychotherapeutic Research Process: A Research Handbook , Edited by: Greenberg , L. S. and Pinsof , W. M. 529 – 556 . New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ivey , A. E. and Authier , J. 1978 . Microcounseling , Springfield, IL : Thomas .
   Google Scholar
• Kelly , E. W. 1978 . Effects of counselor's eye contact on student-clients' perceptions . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 46 : 627 – 632 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kelly , E. W. and True , J. H. 1980 . Eye contact and communication of facilitative conditions . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 51 : 815 – 820 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lacrosse , M. B. 1977 . Comparative perceptions of counselor behavior: a replication and extension . Journal of Counseling Psychology , 24 : 464 – 471 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mallinckrodt , B. and Nelson , M. L. 1991 . Counselor training level and the formation of the Psychotherapeutic Working Alliance . Journal of Counseling Psychology , 38 : 133 – 138 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matarazzo , R. G. 1979 . “ Research on the teaching and learning of psychotherapeutic skills ” . In Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change: An Empirical Analysis , Edited by: Garfield , S. L. and Bergin , A. E. 941 – 963 . New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• McLennan , J. 1994 . The skills-based model of counsellor training: a review of the evidence . Australian Psychologist , 29 : 79 – 88 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pain , M. D. and Sharpley , C. F. 1989 . Varying the order in which positive and negative information is presented: effects on counselors' judgments of clients' mental health . Journal of Counseling Psychology , 36 : 3 – 7 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers , C. R. 1962 . The interpersonal relationship: the core of guidance . Harvard Educational Review , 32 : 89 – 105 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharpley , C. F. and Guidara , D. A. 1993 . Counsellor verbal response mode usage and client-perceived rapport . Counselling Psychology Quarterly , 6 : 131 – 142 .
   Google Scholar
• Sharpley , C. F. , Guidara , D. A. and Rowley , M. A. 1994 . Psychometric evaluation of a ‘standardized client’ procedure with trainee counsellors . Counselling Psychology Quarterly , 7 : 69 – 82 .
   Google Scholar
• Sharpley , C. F. and Heyne , D. A. 1993 . Counsellor communicative control and client-perceived rapport . Counselling Psychology Quartery , 6 : 171 – 181 .
   Google Scholar
• Sharpley , C. F. and Ridgway , I. R. 1992 . Development and field-testing of a procedure for coached clients to assess rapport during trainees' counselling interviews . Counselling Psychology Quartery , 5 : 157 – 169 .
   Google Scholar
• Tipton , R. M. and Rymer , R. A. 1978 . A laboratory study of the effects of varying levels of counselor eye contact in client-focussed and problem-focussed counseling styles . Journal of Counseling Psychology , 25 : 200 – 204 .
   Google Scholar
• Trout , D. L. and Rosenfeld , H. M. 1980 . The effects of postural lean and body congruence on the judgment of psychotherapeutic rapport . Journal of Nonverbal Behavior , 4 : 176 – 190 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waxer , P. H. 1978 . Nonverbal Aspects of Psychotherapy , New York : Praeger .
   Google Scholar
• Whiteley , J. M. and Jakubowski , P. A. 1969 . The coached client as a research resource in counseling . Counselor Education and Supervision , 9 : 19 – 29 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zarski , J. J. , Bubenzer , D. L. and Walter , D. A. 1980 . Counseling effectiveness and trainee helping qualities: another view . Counselor Education and Supervision , 20 : 15 – 21 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar