Content-sensitive inference, modularity and the assumption of formal processing

References

• Ahn , W and Graham , LM . 1999 . The impact of necessity and sufficiency in the Wason four-card selection task . Psychological-Science , 10 : 237 – 242 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barkow J Cosmides L Tooby J 1992 The adapted mind: Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture New York Oxford University Press
   Google Scholar
• Baron-Cohen S 1995 Mindblindness: an essay on autism and theory of mind Cambridge MA MIT Press
   Google Scholar
• Boden , M and Niklasson , L . 2000 . Semantic systematicity and context in connectionist networks . Connection Science , 12 : 111 – 142 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boden , M and Wiles , J . 2000 . Context-free and context-sensitive dynamics in recurrent neural networks . Connectionist Science , 12 : 197 – 210 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boden , M and Wiles , J . 2002 . On learning context free and context sensitive languages . IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks , 13 : 491 – 493 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Botterill G Carruthers P 1999 The philosophy of psychology Cambridge MA Cambridge University Press
   Google Scholar
• Braine , MDS . 1978 . On the relation between the natural logic of reasoning and standard logic . Psychological Review , 85 : 1 – 21 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , WM and Moore , C . 2000 . Is prospective altruist-detection an evolved solution to the adaptive problem of subtle cheating in cooperative ventures? . Evolution and Human Behaviour , 21 : 25 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Browne , A and Sun , R . 2001 . Connectionist inference models . Neural Networks , 4 : 1331 – 1355 .
   Google Scholar
• Caramazza , A and Shelton , J . 1998 . Domain-specific knowledge systems in brain: the animate-inanimate distinction . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 10 : 1 – 34 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carruthers P 2003a Is the mind a systems of modules shaped by natural selection? In C. Hitchcock (Ed.) Contemporary debates in the philosophy of science Oxford England Blackwell
   Google Scholar
• Carruthers P 2003b Moderately massive modularity In A. O’Hear (Ed.) Mind and persons Cambridge MA Cambridge University Press
   Google Scholar
• Chalmers , DJ . 1990 . Syntactic transformations on distributed representations . Connectionist Science , 2 : 53 – 62 .
   Google Scholar
• Chalup S Blair AD 1999 Hill climbing in recurrent neural networks for learning the a' b' c' language Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Neural Information Processing 508 513
   Google Scholar
• Clark A 1993 Microcognition: Philosophy, cognitive science and parallel distributed processing Cambridge MA MIT Press
   Google Scholar
• Cosmides , L . 1989 . The logic of social exchange: has natural selection shaped how human reason? Studies with the Wason selection task . Cognition , 31 : 187 – 276 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cosmides , L and Tooby , J . 1989 . Evolution psychology and the generation of culture, Part II. Case study: a computational theory of social exchange . Ethology and Sociobiology , 10 : 51 – 97 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cosmides L Tooby J 1992 Cognitive adaptations for social exchange In J. Barkow, L. Cosmides, & J. Tooby (Eds.) The adapted mind New York Oxford University Press
   Google Scholar
• Cosmides , L and Tooby , J . 1997 . Towards an evolutionary taxonomy of treatable conditions . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 108 : 453 – 464 .
   Google Scholar
• Cosmides L Tooby J 2000 Consider the source: The evolution of adaptations for decoupling and metarepresentation In D. Sperber (Ed.) Metarepresentations: A multidisciplinary perspective New York Oxford University Press
   Google Scholar
• Elman , JI . 1990 . Finding structure in time . Cognitive Science , 14 : 179 – 211 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elman J McClelland J 1986 Exploring lawful variability in speech waveforms In S. Perkell & D. Klatt (Eds.) Invariance and variability in speech processing Seattle OR Erlbaum
   Google Scholar
• Fiddick , L , Cosmides , L and Tooby , J . 2000 . No interpretation without representation: The role of domain-specific representations and inferences in the Wason selection task . Cognition , 77 : 1 – 79 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fodor JA 1983 Modularity of mind Cambridge MA MIT Press/Bradford Books
   Google Scholar
• Fodor , JA . 2000 . Why are we so good at catching cheaters? . Cognition , 75 : 1 – 1 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fodor , JA . 2002 . Reply to Beaman . Cognition , 83 : 221
   Google Scholar
• Fodor , JA and Pylyshyn , ZW . 1988 . Connectionism and cognitive architecture: A critical analysis . Cognition , 28 : 3 – 71 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frydman , O , Light , P and Alegria , J . 1999 . Pragmatic determinants of children's responses to the Wason Selection Task . Psychologia , 42 : 59 – 68 .
   Google Scholar
• Ger , FA and Schmidhuber , J . 2001 . LSTM recurrent networks learn simple context free and context sensitibe languages . IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks , 12 : 1333 – 1340 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goschke T Koppleberg D 1991 The concept of representation and the representation of concepts in connectionist models In W. Ramsey, S. Stich, & D. E. Rumelhart (Eds.) The philosophy of connectionist theory Seattle OR Lawrence Erlbaum
   Google Scholar
• Griggs , R and Cox , J . 1982 . The elusive thematic-material effects in Wason's selection task . British Journal of Psychology , 73 : 407 – 420 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hare , M and Elman , JL . 1995 . Learning and morphological change . Cognition , 56 : 61 – 98 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halford , G , Wilson , W and Phillips , S . 1998 . Processing capacity defined by relational complexity: Implications for comparative, developmental, and cognitive psychology . Behavioral & Brain Sciences , 21 : 803 – 831 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirschfeld L Gelman S 1994 Mapping the domain: Domain specificity in cognition and culture New York Cambridge University Press
   Google Scholar
• Husken , M , Igel , C and Toussaint , M . 2002 . Task-dependent evolution of modularity in neural networks . Connection Science , 14 : 219 – 229 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson-Laird PN Legrenzi P Sonino-Legrenzi MS 1972 Reasoning with a sense of reality British Journal of Psychology, 63 395 400
   Google Scholar
• Johnson-Laird , PN and Wason , PC . 1970 . Insight into a logical relation . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 22 : 49 – 61 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordan MI Jacobs A 1995 Modular and hierarchical learning systems In M. A. Arbib (Ed.) The handbook of brain theory and neural networks Cambridge MA MIT Press
   Google Scholar
• Keil F 1994 The birth and nurturance of concepts by domain: The origins of living things In L. Hirschfeld & S. Gelmann (Eds.) Mapping the domain: Domain specificity in cognition and culture New York Cambridge University Press
   Google Scholar
• Leighton , JP and Dawson , MRW . 2001 . A parallel distributed processing model of Wason's selection task . Journal of Cognitive Systems Research , 2 : 207 – 231 .
   Google Scholar
• Leslie , A . 1987 . Pretense and representation: the origin of ‘theory of mind’ . Psychology Review , 94 : 412 – 426 .
   Google Scholar
• Manktelow K Over D 1995 Deontic reasoning In S. Newstead & St. B. T. Evans (Eds.) Perspectives on thinking and reasoning: Essays in honour of Peter Wason Hove Sussex, England Lawrence Erlbaum
   Google Scholar
• McClelland , J and Elman , J . 1986 . The TRACE model of speech perception . Cognitive Psychology , 18 : 1 – 86 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClelland , JL and Rumelhart , DE . 1981 . An interactive action model of context effects in letter perception: Part 1. An account of basic findings . Psychological Review , 88 : 373 – 407 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miikkulainen R Dyer MG 1988 Forming global representations with extended backpropagation Proceedings of the IEEE Second Annual International Conference on Neural Networks 285 292
   Google Scholar
• Miikkulainen R Dyer MG 1989 A modular neural network architecture for sequential paraphrasing of script-based stories Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks 49 56
   Google Scholar
• Miikkulainen , R and Dyer , MG . 1991 . Natural language processing with modular PDP networks and distributed lexicon . Cognitive Science , 15 : 343 – 399 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newell A Simon H 1976 Computer science as empirical enquiry In J. Haugeland (Ed.) Mind design Cambridge MA MIT Press
   Google Scholar
• Norris , D . 1994 . Shortlist: A connectionist model of continuous speech recognition . Cognition , 52 : 189 – 234 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips , S . 1998 . Are feedforward and recurrent networks systematic? Analysis and implications for a connectionist cognitive architecture . Connection Science , 10 : 137 – 160 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips S Halford GS 1997 Systematicity: psychological evidence with connection implications Proceeding of the 19th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society 614 619
   Google Scholar
• Pinker S 1994 The language instinct New York Morrow
   Google Scholar
• Pollack , J . 1990 . Recursive distributed representations . Artificial Intelligence , 46 : 77 – 105 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollack , J . 1991 . The induction of dynamical recognizers . Machine Learning , 7 : 227
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rumelhart , DE and McClelland , LJ . 1982 . An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: Part 2. The context enhancement effect and some tests and extensions of the model . Psychological Review , 89 : 60 – 94 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharkey , A . 1996 . Modularity, combining and artificial neural nets . Connection Science , 9 : 3 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Sejnowski , T and Rosenberg , C . 1987 . Parallel networks that learn to pronounce English text . Complex Systems , 1 : 145 – 168 .
   Google Scholar
• Smolensky , P . 1988 . On the proper treatment of connectionism . Behavioral & Brain Sciences , 11 : 1 – 23 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sperber , D , Cara , F and Girotto , V . 1995 . Relevance theory explains the selection task . Cognition , 57 : 31 – 97 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tooby J Cosmides L 1992 The psychological foundations of culture In J. Barkow, L. Cosmides, & J. Tooby (Eds.) The adapted mind New York Oxford University Press
   Google Scholar
• Wason , PC . 1964 . The effects of self-contradiction on fallacious reasoning . Quarterly Journal of Psychology , 16 : 30 – 34 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wason PC 1966 Reasoning In B. Foss (Ed.) New horizons in psychology London Penguin
   Google Scholar
• Wason , PC . 1968 . Reasoning about a rule . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 20 : 273 – 281 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wason PC Johnson-Laird P 1972 Psychology of reasoning: Structure and content Cambridge MA Harvard University Press
   Google Scholar