The ‘Black Auxiliaries’ in American Memories: Sport, Race and Politics in the Construction of Modern Legacies

References

• 1996 . 100 Years of Olympic Glory , Atlanta : Turner Home Entertainment .
   Google Scholar
• Adler , David . 1992 . A Picture Book of Jesse Owens , New York : Holiday House .
   Google Scholar
• Allen , Frederick . Aug. 1936 . ‘Breaking World's Records’ . Harper's , 173 : 302 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• American Olympic Committee . 1936 . Report of the American Olympic Committee: The Games of the XIth Olympiad, Berlin Germany, IVth Olympic Winter Games, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, 1936 , New York : American Olympic Committee .
   Google Scholar
• American Olympic Committee . 1948 . Report of the United States Olympic Committee: Games of the XIVth Olympiad, London, England, Vth Olympic Winter Games, St. Moritz, Switzerland , New York : United States Olympic Association .
   Google Scholar
• Ashe , Arthur Jr. 1998 . A Hard Road to Glory: A History of the African American Athlete, 1919–1945 , New York : Warner Books .
   Google Scholar
• Baker , William J. 1986 . Jesse Owens: An American Life , New York : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bass , Amy . 2002 . Not the Triumph but the Struggle: The 1968 Olympics and the Making of the Black Athlete , Minneapolis , MN : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• 1980 . The Black Athlete , Santa Monica , CA : Pyramid Film & Video .
   Google Scholar
• 1984 . The Black Olympians, 1904–1984 , Los Angeles : Afro-American Museum .
   Google Scholar
• Bontemps , Arna W. 1964 . Famous Negro Athletes , New York : Dodd, Mead .
   Google Scholar
• Boyer , Paul S. , Clifford , E. , Clark Jr. , Kett , Joseph , Salisbury , Neal , Sitkoff , Harvard and Woloch , Nancy . 1993 . The Enduring Vision, , 2nd edn , Lexington , MA : DC Heath .
   Google Scholar
• Brawley , Benjamin . 1937 . Negro Builders and Heroes , Chapel Hill , NC : University of North Carolina Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bush , Joseph Bevans . May 1962 . ‘The Grandest Olympian: James Cleveland “Jesse” Owens’ . Journal of Negro History , 25 : 191 – 3 .
   Google Scholar
• Carlson , Lewis H. and Fogarty , John J. 1987 . Tales of Gold , Chicago : Contemporary Books .
   Google Scholar
• Carroll , John M. 1992 . Fritz Pollard: Pioneer in Racial Advancement , Urbana, IL : University of Illinois Press .
   Google Scholar
• Carter , Elmer A. July 1933 . ‘The Negro in College Athletics’ . Journal of Negro Life , 11 : 208 – 10; 219 .
   Google Scholar
• Coffey , Wayne . 1992 . Jesse Owens , Woodbridge, CT : Blackbirch Press .
   Google Scholar
• 1984 . Compton's Gift to the Olympic Games , Compton, CA : Robinsons' Research .
   Google Scholar
• Cornfield, Michael and Susan Baker . 1972 . Ralph H. Metcalfe, Democratic Representative from Illinois (Ralph Nader Congress Project: Citizens Look at Congress) , Washington , DC : Grossman Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Cromwell , Dean B. and Metcalfe , Ralph H. 1939 . The Sprint Races , Indianapolis, IN : International Sports, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Dinces , Sean . Summer 2005 . ‘Padres on Mount Olympus: Los Angeles and the Production of the 1932 Olympic Mega-Event’ . Journal of Sport History , 32 : 137 – 66 .
   Google Scholar
• Dyreson , Mark . 1995 . ‘Marketing National Identity: The Olympic Games of 1932 and American Culture’ . Olympika: The International Journal of Olympic Studies , 4 : 23 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Dyreson , Mark . 1996 . ‘Scripting the American Olympic Story-Telling Formula: The 1924 Paris Olympic Games and the American Media’ . Olympika: The International Journal of Olympic Studies , 5 : 45 – 80 .
   Google Scholar
• Dyreson , Mark . 1998 . Making the American Team: Sport, Culture and the Olympic Experience , Urbana : University of Illinois Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dyreson , Mark . 1999 . ‘Selling American Civilization: The Olympic Games of 1920 and American Culture’ . Olympika: The International Journal of Olympic Studies , 8 : 1 – 41 .
   Google Scholar
• Dyreson , Mark . Summer 2001 . ‘American Ideas About Race and Olympic Races from the 1890s to the 1950s: Shattering Myths or Reinforcing Scientific Racism?’ . Journal of Sport History , 28 : 173 – 215 .
   Google Scholar
• Dyreson , Mark . 2003 . ‘Return to the Melting Pot: An Old American Olympic Story’ . Olympika: The International Journal of Olympic Studies , 12 : 1 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Dyreson , Mark . 2006 . “ ‘Jesse Owens: Leading Man in Modern American Tales of Racial Progress and Limits’ ” . In Out of the Shadows: A Biographical History of the African American Athlete , Edited by: Wiggins , David W. 111 – 32 . Fayetteville , AK : University of Arkansas Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dyreson , Mark . 2009 . Crafting Patriotism for Global Domination: America at the Olympics , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Guttmann , Allen . 1984 . The Games Must Go On: Avery Brundage and the Olympic Movement , New York : Columbia University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hammer , Roger A. 1992 . African America: Heralding a Heritage , Golden Valley, MN : The Place in the Woods .
   Google Scholar
• Hartmann , Douglas . 2003 . Race, Culture and the Revolt of the Black Athlete: The 1968 Olympic Protests and Their Aftermath , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Henderson , Edwin Bancroft . December 1951 . ‘The Negro in the Olympic Games’ . Negro History Bulletin , 15 : 43 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Henderson , Edwin Bancroft . 1939 . The Negro in Sports , Washington, DC : Associated Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Henderson , Edwin Bancroft . 1949 . The Negro in Sports, rev. edn , Washington, DC : Associated Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Henderson , Edwin Bancroft . 1975 . The Negro in Sports, rev. edn , Washington, DC : Associated Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Henderson , Edwin Bancroft . 1979 . The Negro in Sports, rev. edn , Washington, DC : Associated Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Henderson, Edwin Bancroft and the Editors of Sport . 1968 . The Black Athlete: Emergence and Arrival , New York : Association for the Study of Negro Life and History and Publishers Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Henderson, Edwin Bancroft and the Editors of Sport . 1978 . The Black Athlete: Emergence and Arrival , Cornwells Heights, PA : Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History and Publishers Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Henry , William Mellors . An Approved History of the Olympic Games , New York : G. P. Putnam's Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Hoberman , John . 1997 . Darwin's Athletes: How Sport Has Damaged Black America and Preserved the Myth of Race , Boston, MA : Houghton Mifflin .
   Google Scholar
• Hughes , Langston . 1954 . Famous American Negroes , New York : Dodd, Mead .
   Google Scholar
• 1965 . Jesse Owens Returns to Berlin , Toronto : CTV Television .
   Google Scholar
• 1984 . The Jesse Owens Story , Los Angeles : Paramount .
   Google Scholar
• 1996 . The Journey of the African-American Athlete , New York : HBO Home Video .
   Google Scholar
• Kaufman , Mervyn . 1973 . Jesse Owens , New York : Crowell .
   Google Scholar
• Kieran , John and Daley , Arthur . 1936 . The Story of the Olympic Games, 776 B.C. – 1936 A.D , New York : Frederick A. Stokes .
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , J. Patrick . 2000 . Freedom like Sunlight: Praisesongs for Black Americans , Mankato, MN : Creative Editions .
   Google Scholar
• McRae , Donald . 2002 . Heroes Without a Country: America's Betrayal of Joe Louis and Jesse Owens , New York : Harper Collins .
   Google Scholar
• McKissack , Patricia and Fredrick . 2001 . Jesse Owens: Olympic Star, rev. edn , Berkeley Heights, NJ : Enslow Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Mandell , Richard D. 1971 . The Nazi Olympics , New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Martin , John Bartlow . Oct. 1949 . ‘Incident at Fernwood’ . Harper's , 199 : 86 – 98 .
   Google Scholar
• Meade , George P. Dec. 1952 . ‘The Negro in Track Athletics’ . Scientific Monthly , 75 : 366 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• 1978 . Memorial Services held in the House of Representatives and Senate of the Unites States, together with remarks presented in eulogy of Ralph H. Metcalfe , Washington, DC : US Government Printing Office . Ninety-Fifth Congress, Second Session
   Google Scholar
• 1973 . The Metcalfe Report on the Misuse of Police Authority in Chicago , Chicago : Chicago Defender . Blue Ribbon Panel convened by the Honorable Ralph H. Metcalfe
   Google Scholar
• Miller , Patrick B. Spring 1998 . ‘The Anatomy of Scientific Racism: Racialist Responses to Black Athletic Achievement’ . Journal of Sport History , 25 : 119 – 51 .
   Google Scholar
• Nathan , Daniel . 2003 . Saying It's So: A Cultural History of the Black Sox Scandal , Urbana, IL : University of Illinois Press .
   Google Scholar
• Norrell , Robert J. 2005 . The House I Live In: Race in the American Century , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Owens , Jesse . 1972 . I Have Changed , New York : William Morrow .
   Google Scholar
• Owens , Jesse . 1978 . Jesse: A Spiritual Autobiography , Plainfield, N.J. : Logos International .
   Google Scholar
• Owens , Jesse and Neimark , Paul . 1970 . Blackthink: My Life as Black Man and White Man , New York : William Morrow .
   Google Scholar
• Owens , Jesse and Neimark , Paul . 1970 . The Jesse Owens Story , New York : Putnam's .
   Google Scholar
• Owens , Jesse and Neimark , Paul . 1983 . Jesse, The Man Who Outran Hitler , New York : Ballantine Books .
   Google Scholar
• Page , James . 1991 . Black Olympian Medalists , Englewood, CO : Libraries Unlimited .
   Google Scholar
• Porter , David L. 1995 . African-American Sports Greats: A Biographical Dictionary , Westport, CT : Greenwood .
   Google Scholar
• Ralph , James R. Jr. 1993 . Northern Protest: Martin Luther King, Jr., Chicago, and the Civil Rights Movement , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rhoden , William C. 2006 . $40 Million Slaves: The Rise, Fall, and Redemption of the Black Athlete , New York : Crown .
   Google Scholar
• Richardson , Ben . 1956 . Great American Negroes , New York : Crowell .
   Google Scholar
• Sabin , Francene . 1986 . Jesse Owens: Olympic Hero , Mahwah, NJ : Troll Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Sanford , William R. and Green , Carl R. 1992 . Jesse Owens , New York : Crestwood House .
   Google Scholar
• Schapp , Jeremy . 2007 . Triumph: The Untold Story of Jesse Owens and Hitler's Olympics , New York : Houghton Mifflin .
   Google Scholar
• Schultz , Jaime . June 2007 . ‘“Stuff from Which Legends Are Made”: Jack Trice Stadium and the Politics of Memory’ . The International Journal of the History of Sport , 24 : 715 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Sugrue , Thomas J. 2008 . Sweet Land of Liberty: The Forgotten Struggle for Civil Rights in the North , New York : Random House .
   Google Scholar
• 1993 . “ ‘To Be Somebody’. Part 6 of The Great Depression, produced by WGBH-TV (Boston, MA) ” . Alexandria , VA : PBS Video .
   Google Scholar
• Tuck , Stephen G.N. 2010 . ‘We Ain't What We Ought to Be’: The Black Freedom Struggle, From Emancipation to Obama , Cambridge, MA : Belknap Press of Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tygiel , Jules . 1997 . Baseball's Great Experiment: Jack Robinson and His Legacy, rev. edn , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Welky , David . Spring 1997 . ‘Vikings, Mermaids, and Little Brown Men: US Journalism and the 1932 Olympics’ . Journal of Sport History , 24 : 24 – 49 .
   Google Scholar
• White , Jeremy . 2000 . ‘The Los Angeles Way of Doing Things: The Olympic Village and the Practice of Boosterism’ . Olympika: The International Journal of Olympic Studies , 11 : 79 – 116 .
   Google Scholar
• Wiggins , David K. 2004 . African Americans in Sports , Armonk, NY : Sharpe Reference .
   Google Scholar
• Wiggins , David K. 1997 . Glory Bound: Black Athletes in a White America , Syracuse, NY : Syracuse University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wiggins , David K. Summer 1989 . ‘“Great Speed but Little Stamina”: The Historical Debate over Black Athletic Superiority’ . Journal of Sport History , 16 : 158 – 85 .
   Google Scholar
• Wiggins , David K. Sept. 1983 . ‘The 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin: The Response of America's Black Press’ . Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 54 : 278 – 292 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiggins , David K. and Miller , Patrick B. 2003 . The Unlevel Playing Field: A Documentary History of the African American Experience in Sport , Urbana, IL : University of Illinois Press .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , Charles H. Feb. 1937 . ‘Negro Athletes in the Eleventh Olympiad’ . Southern Workman , 66 : 45 – 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , Charles H. Nov. 1932 . ‘Negro Athletes in the Tenth Olympiad’ . The Southern Workman , 61 : 449 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• Young , Andrew S. ‘Doc’ . 1963 . Negro Firsts in Sports , Chicago : Johnson .
   Google Scholar