5
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

The Cholesterol-Lowering Effects of Legumes. I: Effects of The Major Nutrients

, &
Pages 71-86 | Published online: 27 Sep 2017

References

  • Ahrens, E.H. Jr, Blankenhorn, D.II. & Tsaltas, T.T. (1954): Effect on human serum lipids of substituting plant for animal fat in diet. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 86, 872–878.
  • Ahrens, E.H., Hirsch, J., Insult, W. & Tsaltas, T.T. (1957): The influence of dietary fats on serum lipid levels in man. Lancet 272, 943–953.
  • Allotta, E.C., Samman, S. & Roberts, D.C.K. (1985): The importance of the non-protein components of the diet in the plasma cholesterol response of rabbits to casein. Br. J. Nutr. 54, 87–94.
  • Anderson, J.W., Story, L., Sieling, B., Chen, W.J.L., Petro, M.S. & Story, J. (1984): Hypocholesterolaemic effects of oat bran or bean intake for hypercholesterolaemic men. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 40, 1146–1155.
  • Anderson, J.W. & Ward, K. (1979): High carbohydrate, high fibre diets for insulin-treated men with diabetes mellitus. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 32, 2312–2321.
  • Ballantyne, D., Olsson, A.G. & Carlson, L.A. (1978): Acute effect of dietary therapy of type iv hyperlipoproteinaemia on the serum and lipoprotein concentrations and relative composition. Atherosclerosis 30, 79–87.
  • Bingwen, L., Zhaofeng, W., Wanzhen, L. & Rongjue, Z. (1981): Effects of bean meal on serum cholesterol and triglycerides. Chin. Med. J. 94, 455–458.
  • Boberg, J., Gustaffsson, I-B., Karlstrom, B., Lithell, H., Vessby, B. 8, c Werner, I. (1981): Treatment of hyperlipoproteinaemia with ‘type-specific’ diets under metabolic ward conditions. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 25, 320-333.
  • Bodwell, C.E., Schuster, E.M., Steele, P.S., Judd, J.T. 8c Smith, J.C. (1980): Effects of dietary soy protein on plasma lipid profiles of adult men. Fed. Proc. 39, 1113.
  • Brussard, J.H., Dallinga-Thie, G., Groot, P.H.E. & Katan, M.B. (1980): Effects of amount and type of dietary fat on serum lipids, lipoproteins and apoproteins in man. Atherosclerosis 36,515–528.
  • Carroll, K.K., Giovanetti, P.M., Huff, M.W., Moase, 0. & Roberts, D.C.K. (1978): Hypocholesterolaemic effect of substituting soybean protein for animal protein in the diet of healthy young women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 31, 1312-1321.
  • Chang, K.C., Ethen, S., Harrold, R. & Brown, G. (1986): Effect of feeding dry beans on rat plasma cholesterol. Nutr. Rep. Int. 33, 659–664.
  • Cittadini, D., Pietropaolo, C., DeCristofaro, D. & D’Ayjelo-Caracciolo, M. (1964): In vivo effect of L-lysine on rat liver arginase. Nature 203, 643–644.
  • COMA (Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy) (1984): Report of the panel on diet m relation to cardiovascular disease. Report on Social Subjects 28, London: HMSO.
  • Connor, W.E. & Connor, S.L. (1972): The key role of nutritional factors in the preventionof coronary heart disease. Prey. Med. 1,49–83.
  • Connor, W.E., Witiak, D.T., Stone, D.B. & Armstrong, M.L. (1969): Cholesterol balance in faecal neutral sterol and bile acid excretion in normal men fed dietary fats of different fatty acid composition. J. Clin. Invest. 48, 1363–1375.
  • Deckelbaum, R.J., Shipley, G.G., Tall, A.R. & Small, D.M. (1977): Lipid distribution and interaction in plasma low density and very low density lipoproteins. Lipid core fluidity and surface properties. In Protides of the biological fluids Vol.25 ed. H. Petters, Pp.91-98. New York: Pergamon Press.
  • Descovich, G.C., Gaddi, A., Mannino, G. et al. (1980): Multicentre study of soybean protein diet for outpatient hypercholesterolaemic patients. Lancet 2, 709–712.
  • Devi, K.S. & Kurup, P.A. (1970): Effect of certain Indian pulses on the serum, liver and aortic lipid levels in rats fed a hypercholesterolaemic diet. Atherosclerosis 11,479–484.
  • Duke, J.A. (1981): Handbook of legumes of world economic importance. New York: Plenum Press.
  • Durrington, P.N., Bolton, C.H., Hartog, M., Angelinetts, R., Emmett, P. & Furniss, S. (1977): The effect of a low cholesterol, high polyunsaturated diet on serum lipid levels, apoprotein B levels and triglyceride fatty acid composition. Atherosclerosis 27, 465–475.
  • Farquhar, J.W., Frank, A., Gross, R.C. & Reaven, G.M. (1966): Glucose, insulin and triglyceride responses to high and low carbohydrate diets in man. J. Clin. Invest. 45, 1648–1656.
  • Finnigan, T.J.A. (1983): The effect of whole and air-classified legumes on serum lipids in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits. J. Sci. Food Agric. 34, 275–276.
  • Gibney, Mj. (1982): Hypocholesterolaemic effect of soya bean proteins. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 41, 19–26.
  • Goldstein, J.L., Hazzard, W.R., Schrott, MG., Bierman, E.L. & Notulsky, A.G. (1973): Ilyperlipidaemia in coronary heart disease. L Lipid levels in 500 survivors of myocardial infarction.]. Clin. Invest. 52, 1533–1543.
  • Hamilton, R.M.G. & Carroll, K.K. (1976): Plasma cholesterol levels in rabbits fed low fat low cholesterol diets; effects of dietary proteins, carbohydrates and fibre from different sources. A therosclerosis 24, 47–62.
  • Hegsted, D.M., McGandy, R.B., Myers, M.L. & Stare, Fj. (1965): Quantitative effects of dietary fat on serum cholesterol in man. Am. ]. Clin. Nutr. 17, 281–295.
  • Hodges, R.E. & Krehl, W.A. (1965): The role of carbohydrates in lipid metabolism—lm. J. Clin. Nutr. 17, 334–346,
  • Hodges, R.E., Krehl, W.A., Stone, D.B. & Lopez, A. (1967): Dietary carbohydrates and low cholesterol diets: effects on serum lipids of man. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 20, 198–208.
  • Holmes, W.L., Rubel, G.A. & Hood, S.S. (1980): Comparison of the effect of dietary meat vs dietary soybean protein on plasma lipids of hyperlipidaemic individuals. Atherosclerosis 36, 379–388.
  • Huff, M.W, & Carroll, K.K. (1980): Effects of dietary proteins and amino acid mixtures on plasma cholesterol levels in rabbits.]. Nutr. 110, 1676–1685.
  • Huff, M.W., Hamilton, R.M.G. & Carroll, K.K. (1977): Plasma cholesterol levels in rabbits fed low-fat cholesterol-free, semi-purified diets; effects of dietary proteins, protein hydrolysates and amino acid mixtures. Atherosclerosis 28, 187–195.
  • Jaya, T.V., Venkataraman, L.V. & Krishnamurthy, K.S. (1979): Influence of germinatedlegumes on the levels of tissue cholesterol and liver enzymes of hypercholesterolaemic rats: influence of ungerminated and germinated chickpea and greengram (whole). Nutr. Rep. Int. 20, 371–381.
  • Jenkins, DJ.A. &Jepson, E.M. (1982): Leguminous seeds and their constituents in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia and diabetes, In Lip opro teins and coronary atherosclerosis eds G. Noseda, C. Fragiocomo, R.Fumagalli & R. Paoletti, pp.247-255. Elsevier Biomedical Press.
  • Jenkins, DJ.A., Wolever, T.M.S., Taylor, R.H., Ghafari, H., Jenkins, A.L., Barker, H.M. & Jenkins, MJ.A. (1980): Rate of digestion of foods and post prandial glycaemia in normal and diabetic subjects. Br. Med. J. 281, 14–17.
  • Jenkins, D.J.A., Wong, G.S., Patten, R., Bird, J., Hall, M., Buckley, B.C., McGuire, V., Reichert, R. & Little, J.A. (1983): Leguminous seeds in the dietary management of hyperlipidaemia. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 38, 567-573.
  • Jones, RJ. & Huffman, S. (1956): Chronic effect of dietary protein on hypercholesterolaemia in the rat. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 93, 519–522.
  • Joshi, L.D. & Singhal, P.C. (1982): Feeding of some pulses on blood sugar and serum cholesterol. Indian J. Nutr. Diet. 19, 337–341.
  • Keys, A. (1970): Coronary heart disease in seven countries. Monograph 29. New York: American Heart Association.
  • Keys, A., Anderson, J.T. & Grande, F. (1957): Serum cholesterol response to dietary fat. Lancet 1, 787.
  • Keys, A., Anderson, J.T. & Grande, F. (1965): Serum cholesterol response to changes in the diet. 1. Iodine value of dietary fat versus 2S-P. Metabolism 14, 747–758.
  • Kim, D.N., Lee, K.T., Reiner, J.M. 8c Thomas, W.A. (1978): Effects of a soy protein product on serum and tissue cholesterol concentrations in swine fed high-fat, high-cholesterol diets. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 29, 385-399.
  • Koo, S.I. & Williams, D.A. (1981): Relationship between the nutritional status of zinc and cholesterol concentration of serum lipoproteins in adult male rats. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 34, 2376–2381.
  • Kritchevsky, D. (1979): Vegetable protein and atherosclerosis. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 56, 135–140.
  • Kritchevsky, D., Kolman, R.R., Guttmacher, R.M. & Forbes, M. (1959): Influence of dietary carbohydrate and protein on serum and liver cholesterol in germ-free chickens. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 85, 444–451.
  • Laine, D.C., Snodgrass, C.M., Dawson, E.A., Ener, M.A., Kuba, K. & Frantz, I.D. (1982): Lightly hydrogenated soy oil versus other vegetable oils as a lipid-lowering dietary constituent. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 35, 683–690.
  • Lewis, B., Katan, M., Merkx, I., Miller, N.E., Hammett, F., Kay, R.M., Nobels, A. & Swan, A.V. (1981): Towards an improved lipid-lowering diet: additive effects of changes in nutrient intake. Lancet 2, 1310–1313,
  • Lovati, M.R., Allievi, L. & Sirtori, C.R. (1985): Accelerated early catabolism of very low density lipoproteins in rats after dietary soy proteins. Atherosclerosis 56, 243–246.
  • Mahadevappa, V.G. & Raina, P.L. (1983): Hypocholesterolaemic effect of cowpea in ratson atherogenic diet. Indian J. Med. Res. 78, 819–823.
  • Masi, I., Giani, E., Galli, C., Tremoli, E. & Sirtori, C.R. (1986): Diets rich in saturated, mono-unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids differently affect plasma lipids, platelet and arterial wall eicosanoids in rabbits. Ann. Nutr.Metab. 30, 66–72.
  • Mathur, K.S., Gupta, D.M. & Sharma, R.D. (1965): Effect of Bengal gram, Kabuli gram, green gram and Bajra on serum and tissue lipids in rabbits fed on hypercholesterolaemic diet. J. Assoc. Physic. India 13, 923–928.
  • Mathur, KS., Khan, M.A. & Sharma, R.D. (1968): Hypocholesterolaemic effect of Bengal gram. Br. Med. J. 1, 30–31.
  • Mathur, K.S., Mathur, S.C. & Sharma, R.D. (1966): Effect of Bengal gram protein on experimentally induced high levels of serum cholesterol in albino rats. J. Assoc. Physic. India 14,513–517.
  • Mathur, K.S., Singhal, S.S. & Sharma, R.D. (1964): Effect of Bengal gram on experimentally induced high levels of cholesterol in tissues and serum in albino rats. J. Nutr. 84, 201–204.
  • Mengheri, E., Scarino, M.L., Vignolini, F. & Spadoni, M.A. (1982): Effect of a hot ethanol extracted faba bean protein concentrate on rat serum cholesterol distribution. Nutr. Rep. Int. 26, 751–758.
  • McGandy, R.B., Hegsted, D.M., Myers, M.L. & Stare, F’J. (1966): Dietary carbohydrate and serum cholesterol levels in man. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 18, 237-242.
  • Nagata, Y., Imaizumi, K. & Sugano, M. (1980): Effects of soya bean protein and casein on serum cholesterol levels in rats. Br. J. Nutr. 44, 113–121.
  • Nagata, Y., Tanaka, K. & Sugano, M. (1981): Serum and liver cholesterol levels of rats and mice fed soybean protein or casein. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 27, 583–593.
  • NACNE (National Advisory Committee on Nutrition Education) (1983): A discussion paper on proposals for nutritional guidelines for health education in Britain. London: Health Education Council.
  • Nepokroeff, C.M., Lakshmanan, C.M., Ness, G.C., Dugan, R.E. & Porter, J.W. (1973): Stimulation by insulin of rat liver Li hydroxy-g-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and cholesterol synthesising activities. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 50, 704–710.
  • Nestel, PJ., Havenstein, N., Whyte, H.M., Scott, TJ. & Cook, U. (1973): Lowering of Plasma cholesterol and enhanced sterol excretion with the consumption of polyun-saturated ruminant fats. N. Engl. J. Med. 288, 379–382.
  • Norum, K.R. (1978): Some present concepts concerning diet and prevention of coronary heart disease. Nutr. Metab. 22, 1–7.
  • Noseda, G., Fragiacomo, C., Descovich, G.C., Fumagalli, R., Bernini, F. & Sirtori, C.R. (1980): Clinical studies on the mechanism of action of the soya bean protein diet. In Drugs affecting lipid metabolism eds R. Fumagalli, D. Kritchevsky & R. Paoletti. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press,
  • Olson, R.E., Vester, J.W., Gursey, D., Davis, N. & Longman, D. (1958): The effect of low protein diets upon serum cholesterol in man. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 6, 310-324.
  • Paul, A.A. & Southgate, D.A.T. (1978): McCance and Widdowson’s The composition of foods. London: HMSO.
  • Reiser, S., Hallfrisch, J., Michaelis, O.E. iv, Lazar, F.L., Martin, R.E. & Prather, E.S. (1979): lipids and their distribution in lipoproteins in hyperinsulinaemic subjects fed three different levels of sucrose. J. Nutr. 111, 1045-1057.
  • Reiser, S., Hallfrisch, J., Michaelis, O.E., Lazar, F.L., Martin, R.E. & Prather, E.S. (1979): Isocaloric exchange of dietary starch and sucrose in humans. 1. Effects on levels of fasting blood lipids. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 32, 1659–1668.
  • Riemersma, R.A., Wood, D.A., Butler, S. et al. (1986): Linoleic acid content in adipose tissue and coronary heart disease. Br. Med. J. 292, 1423–1428.
  • Rivellese, A., Riccardi, G., Giacco, A., Pacioni, D., Genovese, S., Mattioli, P.L. & Mancini, M. (1980): Effect of dietary fibre on glucose control and serum lipoproteins in diabetic patients. Lancet 2, 447–489.
  • Samman, S. & Roberts, D.C.K. (1985): Dietary copper and cholesterol metabolism. Nutr. Res. 5, 1021–1034.
  • Samman, S. & Roberts, D.C.K. (1987): The importance of the non-protein components of the diet in the plasma cholesterol response of rabbits to casein. Zinc and copper. Br. J. Nutr. 57, 27–33.
  • Scarino, L., Mengheri, E., Vignolini, F. & Spadoni, M.A. (1979): [Preliminary observations on the hypocholesterolaemic effect of faba beans] . Boll. Soc. Ital. Biol. Sper. 55, 196. (It).
  • Schwandt, P., Richter, W.O. & Weisweiler, P. (1981): Soybean protein and serum cholesterol. Atherosclerosis 40, 371–372.
  • Sharma, R.D. (1984): Hypocholesterolaemic effect of hydroxyacid components of Bengal gram. Nutr. Rep. Int. 29, 1315–1322.
  • Sharma, R.D. (1986): An evaluation of hypocholesterolaemic factor of fenugreek seeds (T.foenum-graecum) in rats. Nutr. Rep. Int. 33, 669–678.
  • Shepherd, J., Packard, C.J., Grundy, S.M., Yeshurun, D., Gotto, A.M. Jr & Taunton, O.D. (1980): Effects of saturated and polyunsaturated fat diets on the chemical composition and metabolism of low density lipoproteins in man. J. Lipid Res. 21, 91–99.
  • Shorey, R.L. & Davis, J.L. (1979): Effects of substituting soy for animal protein in the diets of young mildly hypercholesterolaemic males. Fed. Proc. 38, 551.
  • Simpson, H.C.R., Simpson, R.W., Lousley, S., Carter, R.D., Geekie, M., Hockaday, T.D.R. & Mann, J.I. (1981): A high carbohydrate leguminous seed fibre diet improves all aspects of diabetic control. Lancet 1, 1-5.
  • Sirtori, C.R., Gatti, E., Montero, O. et al. (1979): Clinical experience with the soybean protein diet in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 32, 1645–1658.
  • Snook, J.T., DeLaney, J.P. & Vivian, V.M. (1985): Effect of moderate to very low fat defined formula diets on serum lipids in healthy subjects. Lipids 20, 808–816.
  • Soni, G.L., George, M. & Singh, R. (1982): Role of common Indian pulses as hypocholesterol-aemic agents. Indian]. Nutr. Diet. 19, 184–190.
  • Soni, G.L., Sohal, B.S. & Rattan, S. (1979): Comparative effect of pulses on tissue and plasma cholesterol levels in albino rats. Indian]. Biochem. Biophys. 16, 444–446.
  • Spritz, N. & Mishkel, M.A. (1969): Effects of dietary fats on plasma lipids and lipoproteins: an hypothesis for the lipid-lowering effect of unsaturated fatty acids. ]. Clin. Invest. 48, 78-86.
  • Stamler, J. (1979): Population studies. In Nutrition, lipids and coronary heart disease eds R.I. Levy, B.M. Rifkind, B. Dennis, N. Ernst, pp.25-88. New York: Raven Press.
  • Terpstra, A.H.M., Hermus, Rjj. & West, C.E. (1983): The role of dietar)i protein in cholesterol metabolism. World Rev. Nutr. Diet. 42, 1–55.
  • Terpstra, A.II.M. & Sanchez-Muniz, FJ. (1981): Time course of the development of hypercholesterolaemia in rabbits fed semi-purified diets containing casein or soya bean protein. A therosclerosis 39, 217–227.
  • Terpstra, A.H.M., van Tinteln, G. & West, C.E. (1982): The hypocholesterolaemic effect of dietary soy protein in rats. J. Nutr. 112, 810–817.
  • Tzagournis, M. (1978): Triglycerides in clinical medicine. A review. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 31, 1437–1452.
  • Valette, G., Sauvaire, Y., Baccou, J.C. & Ribes, G. (1984): Hypocholesterolaemic effect of fenugreek seeds in dogs. Atherosclerosis 50, 105–111.
  • Van der Meer, R., De Vries, II., West, C.E. & De Waard, H. (1985): Casein-induced hyper-cholesterolaemia in rabbits is calcium dependent. Atherosclerosis56, 139–147.
  • van Raaj, J.M.A., Katan, M.B. & Hautvast, J.G.A.J. (1979): Casein, soya protein, serum cholesterol. Lancet 2, 958.
  • van Raaj, J.M.A., Katan, M.B., Hautvast, J.G.A.J. & Hermus, Rjj. (1981): Effects of casein versus soy protein diets on serum cholesterol and lipoproteins in young healthyvolunteers. Am.]. Clin. Nutr. 34, 1261–1271.
  • Vessby, B., Lithell, H. & Boberg, J. (1982): Reduction of low density and high density lipo-protein cholesterol by fat modified diets. A survey of recent findings. Hum. Nutr.: Clin. Nutr. 36C, 203–211.
  • Weisweiler, P., Janetschek, P. Sc Schwandt, P. (1986): Fat restriction alters the composition of apolipoprotein B-100 containing very low density lipoproteins in humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 43, 903-909.
  • Wursch, P., Del Vedovo, S. & Koellreutter, B. (1986): Cell structure and starch nature as key determinants of the digestion rate of starch in legume. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 43, 25–29.
  • Yerushalamy, J. & Hilleboe, H.E. (1957): Fat in the diet and mortality from heart disease. A methodologic note. N.Y. State]. Med. 57, 2343–2354.
  • Yudkin, J. (1957): Diet and coronary thrombosis. Hypothesis and fact. Lancet 2, 155–162.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.