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Original Articles

Greening of Danish Industry - Changes in Concepts and Policies

Pages 53-69 | Published online: 25 Aug 2010

  • Fischer , K. and Schot , J. 1993 . Environmental Strategies for Industry. International Perspectives m Research Needs and Policy Implications , Washington : Island Press .
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  • Ministry of the Environment . 1990 . Clean Technology Action Plan 1990-1992 , Copenhagen : Environmental Protection Agency .
  • Colby , M. 1991 . 'Environmental Management in Development: The Evolution of Paradigms' . Ecological Economics , 3 : 193 – 213 .
  • Remmen , A. 1998 . “ 'Innovation Concepts and Cleaner Technologies: Experiences from Three Danish Action Plans' ” . In Technology Policy Meets the Public. Pesto Papers 2 , Edited by: Jamison , A. Aalborg : Aalborg University Press . For a more detailed description of the changes in the support programme, see
  • Weizsacker , E. van , Lovins , A. and Lovins , H. 1997 . Factor Four. Doubling Wealth, Halving Resource Use. The Mew Report to the Club of Rome , London : Eathscan .
  • Goldschmidt , L. 1993 . 'Myndighederne og virksomhederne: Servicepartner eller serviceorienteret modpart' . LOKE , : 10 – 13 .
  • The same weakness can be found the manual of the US Environmental Protection Agency . 1988 . Waste Minimization Opportunity Assessment Manual , Washington, DC : EPA .
  • Environmental Management Systems & EMAS . 1993 . “ 'Eco-Management and Audit-Scheme' ” . European Union . International Standardisation Organisation, Committee Draft, ISO/DC 14001 (1994);
  • Christensen , P. , Nielsen , E.H. and Remmen , A. 1997a . “ 'Milj⊘styring og milj⊘revision i virksomheder' ” . Midtvejsevaluering, Erhvervsfremme Styrelsen & Milj⊘styrelsen . The programme has had 120 million Danish kroner from 1995 to 1999. A mid-term evaluation is reported in:
  • Christensen , P. , Nielsen , E.H. and Remmen , A. 'Environmental Management Programmes. Promoting New Forms of Reflexive Governance in Danish Industry" . Proc. 6th Greening of Industry Conference . Santa Barbara : University of California .
  • Programbeskrivelse for tilskudsordningen til fremme af 'Milj⊘styring og milj⊘revision i virksomheder', 1995 (Program description for support scheme to promote environmental management).
  • Christensen , P. , Remmen , A. and Nielsen , E.H. 1999 . “ 'Erfaringer med milj⊘ledelse i danske virksomheder' ” . Experiences with environmental management in Danish industry . Milj⊘styrelsen & Erhvervsfremme Styrelsen
  • Danish Environmental Protection Agency . 1996 . Intensified Product-orientated Environmental Initiative , 10 Copenhagen : Ministry of Environment and Energy .
  • Ibid., p. 13.
  • Remmen , A. 2000 . 'Renere produkter-nye vserktejer, akt⊘rer og relationer' (Cleaner products-new tools, actors and relations) . Orientering , The critic of the approach to cleaner products in the former cleaner technology programmes up till 1998 is further explained in, Milj⊘styrelsen, Milj⊘- og energiministeriet
  • Dewberry , E. and Goggin , P. 1996 . “ 'Spaceship Ecodesign' ” . In Ecodesign , 12 – 17 . Newsletter of the Ecological Design Association . no. 5/6
  • Brezet , H. and Hemel , C. van . 1997 . ECO-design-A Promising Approach to Sustainable Production and Consumption , New York : UNEP .
  • Porter , M. and Linde , C. van der . 1995 . 'Green and Competitive. Ending the Stalemate' . Harward Business Review , 73 September-October : 120
  • Nielsen , E.H. and Remmen , A. 1994 . 'New Incentives for Pollution Prevention. Environmental Strategies for Companies and Public Regulation' . Third International I A.C.T. Conference . 1994 , Vienna.
  • Remmen , A. 1992 . 'Barriers and Means for the Implementation of Cleaner Technologies. Experiences from the Danish Fish Processing Industry' . Presented at the 3rd European Congress on Technology Assessment, Technology and Democracy . 1992 , Copenhagen.
  • Ashford , N. and Heaton , G. 1983 . 'Regulation and Technological Innovation in the Chemical Industry' . Law and Contemporary Problems , 46 ( 3 ) : 109 – 157 .
  • Ayres , I. and Braithwaite , J. 1992 . Responsive Regulation. Transcending the Deregulation Debate , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Smink , C. and Remmen , A. 2000 . 'How voluntary should an environmental management system be?' . Business Strategy and the Environment , An overview of different understandings of self-regulation can be found in, (submitted)
  • Christensen , P. and Nielsen , E.H. 1993 . 'Environmental Audits, Clean Technologies and Environmental Protection in Denmark' . European Environment , 3 ( 2 ) : 18 – 22 .
  • Goldschmidt , L. 1993 . 'Myndighederne og virksomhederne: Servicepartner eller serviceorienteret modpart' . LOKE , : 10 – 13 .
  • Rasmussen , B. and Remmen , A. 1999 . “ 'Renere teknologi i tekstil-og beklaedningsindustrien-evaluering af indsatsen fra 1990 til 1998' ” . Milj⊘styrelsen .

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