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Original Articles

The experience of technological collaborations by MERCOSUR companies

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Pages 341-362 | Published online: 21 Dec 2010

References

  • Contractor , F. and Lorange , P. 1988 . “ Why Should Firms Cooperate? The Strategy and Economics Basis for Cooperative Ventures ” . In Cooperative Strategies in International Business , Edited by: Contractor , F. and Lorange , P. 3 – 30 . Lexington, MA : Lexington Books . J. Hagedoorn, ‘Understanding the Rationale of Strategic Technology Partnering: Interorganizational Modes of Cooperation and Sectoral Differences’, Strategic Management Journal, 14, 1993, pp. 371-385; J. Hagedoorn & J. Schakenraad ‘The Effect of Strategic Technology Alliances on Company Performance’, Strategic Management Journal, 15, 1994, pp. 291-309; K. R. Harrigan, ‘Joint Ventures and Competitive Strategy’, Strategic Management Journal, 9, 1988, pp. 141-158; K. R. Harrigan, Strategis for Joint Ventures (Lexington, MA, Lexington Books, 1985); J. Senker & M. Sharp, ‘Organizational Learning in Cooperative Alliances: Some Case Studies in Biotechnology’, Technology AnaQsis and Stratgic Management, 9, 1997, pp. 343-359.
  • 1997 . The New Latin Corporation . Business Week , October : 42 – 50 . European Edition, C. A. Rimoli, ‘O Desempenho Competitivo de uma Pequcna Empresa em um Setor em que a Atualizaçäo Tecnólbgica é Fundamental’, Mimeo, FEA/USP, São Paulo, 1997; C. A. Rimoli, ‘Marketing Estratégico é Competitividade: um Estudo de Casos em Empresas que atuam no Mercosul’, MA dissertation FEA/USP, São Paulo, 1996; R. Sbragia & M. Barra, “ O Compartamento Inovador de Pequenas, Médidas e Grandes Empresas Latino- Americanas”, Cuodemos de Gestao Tecnoldgica, No. 14, Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnologia para el Desarrollo (CYTED), São Paulo, 1994; E. Stal, ‘Estudo de Caso: Metal Leve S.A’, Cuadmos de Gestao Tecnologica, No. 1, Programa Ibcroamericano de Ciencia y Tecnologia para el Desarrollo (CYTED), São Paulo, 1993; United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), ‘UNIDO-ICS Guide: National Case Studies. Brazil’, Mimeo, Technology Service/Investment and Technology Promotion Division, Vienna, 1997; E. Vasconcellos & R. S. Waack, ‘Monitoring the “Health” of a Technology Alliance: Framework and Application’, Paper presented at the Europcan Conference on Management of Technology, Aston University, July 1995
  • Some of the names of the companies are fictitious due to requests for confidentiality.
  • Alcorta , L. and Peres , W. 1996 . “ Sistemas de Innovación y Especialización Tecnológica en America Latina y el Caribe ” . In Desarrollo Productivo , Vol. 33 , Sabtiago de Chile : ECLAC . D. Chudnovsky & A. Lopez, ‘Politica Tecnológica en Argentina: Hay Ago Más que Laissez Faire?’, Documenos de Trabajo CENIT, DT 20, 1996; C. J. Dahlman & C. R. Frischtak, ‘National Systems Supporting Technical Advances in Industry: The Brazilian Experience’, in: R. R. Nelson (Ed.) National Innovalion Systems: a Comparative Analysis (New York, Oxford University Press, 1993); INOVA, ‘O Impacto das Mudanças Globais na Transferencia de Tecnologia’, Boletim do Nucleo de Politica e Gestão Tecnobgica da Universidade de São Paulo, ano IV, 14, 1997, p. 2
  • Matesco , V. 1994 . Esforço Tecnológico das Empresas Brasileiras , Instituto de Pesquisa Economica Aplicada . Discussion Paper No. 333; V. Matesco, ‘Atividade Tecnologica deas Empresas Brasileiras: Desempenho e Motivaçäo para Inovar’, in: lnstituto de Pesquisa Económica Aplicada (IPEA) (Ed.), Perspectivas da Economia Brasileira (Rio dc Janeiro, IPEA, 1994.)
  • Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento das Empresas Industriais (ANPEI) . 1996 . Indicadores Empresariais de Inovação Tecnológica: resultados da Base de Dados , Sao Paulo : ANPEI .
  • Narula , R. 1996 . Straicgic Alliances in Developing Countries: Prospects and Problems , Mimeo : Maatricht Economic Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT) and University of Maastricht .
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  • Dahab . 1997 . op. cit , 9 Ref 2, show that in one-third of the joint ventures established between 1989 and 1991 by a foreign and a Brazilian partner, the main motives given by foreign firms were accessing a new market, either in Brazil or abroad
  • Ferraro , C.A. and Gatto , F. 1994 . Cooperacion Empresarial en la que Intervienen Firmas Brasileñas y Argentinas: Primeras Reflexiones que surgen del Trabajo de Campo , Buenos Aires : UN/ECLAC . Research Report; F. Gatto & C. A. Ferraro, Internacionalización de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas Argentinas en el Mercosur: Exportaciones y Modalidades de Cooperación Empresarial, Research Report (Buenos Aires, UN/ECLAC, 1994)
  • Foray , D. 1997 . “ Generation and Distribution of Technological Knowledge: Incentives, Norms and Institutions ” . In Systems of Innovation: Technologies, Institutions and Organisations , Edited by: Edquist , C. 64 – 85 . London : Pinter Publishers . S. J. Kline & N. Rosenberg, ‘An Overview of Innovation’, in: R. Landau & N. Rosenberg (Eds), The Positive Sum Strategy (Washington, DC, National Academic Press, 1986), pp. 275-295); N. Rosenberg, Inside the Blackbox Technology, and Economics (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1982); Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Technology and the Economy: Key Relationships (Paris, OECD, 1992); J. Senker & W. Faulkner, ‘Networks, Tacit Knowledge and Innovation’, in: R. Coombs, A. Richards, P. P. Saviotti & V. Walsh (Eds), Technological Collaboration: The Dynamics of Cooperation in Industrial Innovation (Cheltenham, Edward Elgar, 1996, pp. 76-97); M. Yamin, ‘Understanding “Strategic Alliances”: The Limits of Transaction Cost Economics’, in: R. Coombs el al., ibid., pp. 165-179
  • hagedoorn . 1997 . op. cit , Ref 1
  • Brazil has a number of government programmes and institutions with the potential to initiate technological collaborations. These include the Programme to Support Industrial Technological Capability (PACTI), the Brazilian Quality and Productivity Programme (PBQP) and the Financiadors de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP) through financial assistance and credits. SEBRAE has also successfully backed other technological modernization programmes by micro and small enterprises across Brazil
  • Maresco . 1997 . Atividade . op. cit , Ref 5
  • Tendler , J. and Amorim , M. Alves . 1996 . Small Firms and Their Helpers: Lessons on Demand . World Development , 24 : 407 – 426 . UNIDO, op.cit., Ref. 2
  • Doz , Y. 1996 . The Evolution of Cooperation in Strategic Alliances: Initial Conditions or Learning Processes? . Strategic Management Journal , 17 : 55 – 83 . G. Hamel, ‘Competition for Competence and Interpartner Learning within International Strategic Alliances’, Strategic Management Journal, 12, 1991, pp. 83-103; R. E. Spekrnan, L. A. Isabella, T. C. MacAvoy & T. Forbes, ‘Creating Strategic Alliances which Endure’, Long Range Planning, 29, 1996, pp. 346-357
  • Hamel . 1996 . op. cit , 17 Ref 19
  • Doz . 1996 . op. cit , 17 Ref 19
  • 1996 . Ibid , 17
  • 1996 . Ibid , 17 G. Hamel, op. cit., Ref. 19; P. S. Aulakh, M. Kotabe & A. Sahay, ‘Trust and Performance in Cross-border Marketing Partnerships: A Behavioral Approach’, Journal of International Business Studies, 27, Special Issue, 1996, pp. 1005-1032; J. L. Johnson, J. B. Cullen, T. Sakano & H. Takenouchi, ‘Setting the Stage for Trust and Strategic Integration in Japanese-US Cooperative Alliances’, Journal of Intzrnational Business Studies, 27, Special Issue, 1996, pp. 98 -1004
  • Humphrey , J. and Schmitz , H. 1996 . “ Trust and Economic Development ” . In IDS Discussion Paper, No. 355 , Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex .
  • Tendler and Amorim , Alves . 1996 . op. cit , Ref 18
  • Ibid.
  • Alcorta and Peres . 1996 . op. cit , Ref 4
  • Baranson , J. 1993 . Strategic Alliances with Global Industry: Case Study of Mexico , Washington, DC : Inter American Development Bank . Mimeo
  • Egan , M.L. and Mody , A. 1991 . Buyer-Seller Links in Export Development , Washington, DC : The World Bank . Mimeo
  • Tendler and Amorim , Alves . 1991 . op. cit , Ref 18

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