Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate positively affects concanavalin A-induced liver damage by regulating macrophage polarization

References

• Alleva, D. G., Pavlovich, R. P., Grant, C., Kaser, S. B., & Beller, D. I. (2000). Aberrant macrophage cytokine production is a conserved feature among autoimmune-prone mouse strains: Elevated interleukin (IL)-12 and an imbalance in tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-10 define a unique cytokine profile in macrophages from young nonobese diabetic mice. Diabetes, 49(7), 1106–1115. doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.49.7.1106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Assis, D. N., Leng, L., Du, X., Zhang, C. K., Grieb, G., Merk, M., … Bucala, R. (2014). The role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in autoimmune liver disease. Hepatology, 59(2), 580–591. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.26664
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beljaars, L., Schippers, M., Reker-Smit, C., Martinez, F. O., Helming, L., Poelstra, K., & Melgert, B. N. (2014). Hepatic localization of macrophage phenotypes during fibrogenesis and resolution of fibrosis in mice and humans. Frontiers in Immunology, 5, 430. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00430
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beyazit, Y., Efe, C., Tanoglu, A., Purnak, T., Sayilir, A., Taskıran, I., … Wahlin, S. (2015). Nitric oxide is a potential mediator of hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis in autoimmune hepatitis. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 50(2), 204–210. doi: https://doi.org/10.3109/00365521.2014.974203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, Y., Zhang, J., Shang, J., & Zhang, L. (2009). Prevention of free fatty acid-induced hepatic lipotoxicity in HepG2 cells by magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate in vitro. Pharmacology, 84(3), 183–190. doi: https://doi.org/10.1159/000235873
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cosin-Roger, J., Ortiz-Masiá, D., Calatayud, S., Hernández, C., Álvarez, A., Hinojosa, J., … Mizoguchi, E. (2013). M2 macrophages activate WNT signaling pathway in epithelial cells: Relevance in ulcerative colitis. PLoS One, 8(10), e78128. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espinoza-Jimenez, A., Peon, A. N., & Terrazas, L. I. (2012). Alternatively activated macrophages in types 1 and 2 diabetes. Mediators of Inflammation, 2012, 1–10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/815953
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, Y., Zeng, F., Liu, Q., Ju, W., Fu, H., Hao, H., … Xie, Y. (2010). Protective effect of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate on ethanol-induced testicular injuries in mice. Journal of Biomedical Research, 24(2), 153–160. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1674-8301(10)60024-3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heneghan, M. A., Yeoman, A. D., Verma, S., Smith, A. D., & Longhi, M. S. (2013). Autoimmune hepatitis. Lancet, 382(9902), 1433–1444. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62163-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higashimoto, M., Sakai, Y., Takamura, M., Usui, S., Nasti, A., Yoshida, K., … Kaneko, S. (2013). Adipose tissue derived stromal stem cell therapy in murine ConA-derived hepatitis is dependent on myeloid-lineage and CD4+ T-cell suppression. European Journal of Immunology, 43(11), 2956–2968. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.201343531
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, X., Qin, J., & Lu, S. (2014). Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate protects hepatic L02 cells from ischemia/reperfusion induced injury. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, 7(8), 4755–4764.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivashkiv, L. B. (2013). Epigenetic regulation of macrophage polarization and function. Trends in Immunology, 34(5), 216–223. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2012.11.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ka, M. B., Daumas, A., Textoris, J., & Mege, J. -L. (2014). Phenotypic diversity and emerging new tools to study macrophage activation in bacterial infectious diseases. Frontiers in Immunology, 5, 500. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knodell, R. G., Ishak, K. G., Black, W. C., Chen, T. S., Craig, R., Kaplowitz, N., … Wollman, J. (1981). Formulation and application of a numerical scoring system for assessing histological activity in asymptomatic chronic active hepatitis. Hepatology, 1(5), 431–435. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.1840010511
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labonte, A. C., Sung, S.- S. J., Jennelle, L. T., Dandekar, A. P., & Hahn, Y. S. (2017). Expression of scavenger receptor-AI promotes alternative activation of murine macrophages to limit hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Hepatology, 65(1), 32–43. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.28873
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavin, Y., Blecher-Gonen, R., David E., Keren-Shaul H., Merad M., … Amit I. (2014). Tissue-resident macrophage enhancer landscapes are shaped by the local microenvironment. Cell, 159(6), 1312–1326. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.11.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd, C. M., Phillips, A. R. J., Cooper, G. J.S., & Dunbar, P. R. (2008). Three-colour fluorescence immunohistochemistry reveals the diversity of cells staining for macrophage markers in murine spleen and liver. Journal of Immunological Methods, 334(1-2), 70–81. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2008.02.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, Y. L., Chen, J., Ren, D., Yang, X., & Zhao, Y. (2017). Hepatoprotective effects of phloretin against CCl4-induced liver injury in mice. Food and Agricultural Immunology, 28(2), 211–222. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09540105.2016.1258546
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, C., Xu, W., Shao, J., Zhang, F., Chen, A., & Zheng, S. (2017). Blockade of hedgehog pathway is required for the protective effects of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate against ethanol-induced hepatocyte steatosis and apoptosis. IUBMB Life, 69(7), 540–552. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/iub.1639
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFarlane, I. G. (1999). Pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 53(5-6), 255–263. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0753-3322(99)80096-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ming, L. J., & Yin, A. C. (2013). Therapeutic effects of glycyrrhizic acid. Natural Product Communications, 8(3), 415–418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orsolic, N., Jazvinscak Jembrek, M., & Terzic, S. (2017). Honey and quercetin reduce ochratoxin A-induced DNA damage in the liver and the kidney through the modulation of intestinal microflora. Food and Agricultural Immunology, 28(5), 812–833. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09540105.2017.1313819
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parsa, R., Andresen, P., Gillett, A., Mia, S., Zhang, X.-M., Mayans, S., … Harris, R. A. (2012). Adoptive transfer of immunomodulatory M2 macrophages prevents type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. Diabetes, 61(11), 2881–2892. doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/db11-1635
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng, H., & Tian, Z. G. (2016). Tissue-resident natural killer cells in the livers. Science China-Life Sciences, 59(12), 1218–1223. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-016-0334-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin, J. N., & Te, H. S. (2016). Refractory autoimmune hepatitis: Beyond standard therapy. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 61(6), 1757–1762. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-015-4022-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sica, A., Invernizzi, P., & Mantovani, A. (2014). Macrophage plasticity and polarization in liver homeostasis and pathology. Hepatology, 59(5), 2034–2042. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.26754
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sica, A., Larghi, P., Mancino, A., Rubino, L., Porta, C., Totaro, M. G., … Mantovani, A. (2008). Macrophage polarization in tumour progression. Seminars in Cancer Biology, 18(5), 349–355. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2008.03.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, L., Shen, M. J., Pang, M. X., Lu, L., Mao, Y., & Zeng, M. (2007). Phase I safety and pharmacokinetic study of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate after single and multiple intravenous doses in Chinese healthy volunteers. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 47(6), 767–773. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0091270007299757
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tacke, F. (2017). Targeting hepatic macrophages to treat liver diseases. Journal of Hepatology, 66(6), 1300–1312. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2017.02.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tacke, F., & Zimmermann, H. W. (2014). Macrophage heterogeneity in liver injury and fibrosis. Journal of Hepatology, 60(5), 1090–1096. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2013.12.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tosello-Trampont, A. C., Krueger, P., Narayanan, S., Landes, S. G., Leitinger, N., & Hahn, Y. S. (2016). NKp46(+) natural killer cells attenuate metabolism-induced hepatic fibrosis by regulating macrophage activation in mice. Hepatology, 63(3), 799–812. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.28389
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Udalova, I. A., Mantovani, A., & Feldmann, M. (2016). Macrophage heterogeneity in the context of rheumatoid arthritis. Nature Reviews Rheumatology, 12(8), 472–485. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrrheum.2016.91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Rossum, T. G., Vulto, A. G., de Man, R. A., Brouwer, J. T., & Schalm, S. W. (1998). Review article: Glycyrrhizin as a potential treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 12(3), 199–205. doi: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1998.00309.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wahl, C., Wegenka, U. M., Leithauser, F., Schirmbeck, R., & Reimann, J. (2009). IL-22-dependent attenuation of T cell-dependent (ConA) hepatitis in herpes virus entry mediator deficiency. The Journal of Immunology, 182(8), 4521–4528. doi: https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0802810
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, Z., Zhang, Y., Song, T., Song, Q., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X., … Chu, L. (2018). Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate ameliorates doxorubicin-induced acute cardiac and hepatic toxicity via anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms in mice. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 15(1), 1005–1012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wynn, T. A., Chawla, A., & Pollard, J. W. (2013). Macrophage biology in development, homeostasis and disease. Nature, 496(7446), 445–455. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wynn, T. A., & Vannella, K. M. (2016). Macrophages in tissue repair, regeneration, and fibrosis. Immunity, 44(3), 450–462. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2016.02.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie, C., Li, X., Wu, J., Liang, Z., Deng, F., Xie, W., … Zhong, C. (2015). Anti-inflammatory activity of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate through inhibition of phospholipase A2/arachidonic acid pathway. Inflammation, 38(4), 1639–1648. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-015-0140-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, J., Chi, F., Guo, T., Punj, V., Lee, W. N. P., French, S. W., & Tsukamoto, H. (2015). NOTCH reprograms mitochondrial metabolism for proinflammatory macrophage activation. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 125(4), 1579–1590. doi: https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI76468
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Q., Cao, H., Liu, N., Xu, K., Ding, M., & Mao, L. -J (2016).Amelioration of concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis by magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate through inhibition of CD4(+)CD25(-)CD69(+) subset proliferation. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 10, 443–453. doi: https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S115121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, D. W., Zhang, J., & Han, D., Jin, E., & Yang, Z. (2017). The role of apparent diffusion coefficient values in characterization of solid focal liver lesions: A prospective and comparative clinical study. Science China-Life Sciences, 60(1), 16–22. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-016-0387-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ying, W., Cheruku, P. S., Bazer, F. W., Safe, S. H., & Zhou, B. (2013). Investigation of macrophage polarization using bone marrow derived macrophages. Journal of Visualized Experiments, 76, e50323. doi:https://doi.org/10.3791/50323
   Google Scholar
• Zhou, D., Huang, C., Lin, Z., Zhan, S., Kong, L., Fang, C., & Li, J. (2014). Macrophage polarization and function with emphasis on the evolving roles of coordinated regulation of cellular signaling pathways. Cellular Signalling, 26(2), 192–197. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.11.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zigmond, E., Bernshtein, B., Friedlander, G., Walker, C. R., Yona, S., Kim, K. -W., … Jung, S. (2014). Macrophage-restricted interleukin-10 receptor deficiency, but not IL-10 deficiency, causes severe spontaneous colitis. Immunity, 40(5), 720–733. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2014.03.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar